Liyini ibhola laseMelika futhi lidlalwa kanjani? Imithetho, umdlalo wokudlala nezijeziso

Ibhola laseMelika laqala njengokuhlukile kwe lombhoxo kanye nebhola kanye nokuhamba kwesikhathi yizo imigqa yomdlalo ishintshile.

Ibhola laseMelika liwumdlalo weqembu oqhudelanayo. Inhloso yomdlalo ukuthola amaphuzu amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Amaphuzu amaningi atholwa ngelilodwa thinta phansi nge yangaphambilini ku indawo yokugcina kwelinye iqembu.

Kulesi sihloko ngizochaza kahle ukuthi liyini ibhola laseMelika nokuthi umdlalo udlalwa kanjani, kwabaqalayo!

Ibhola laseMelika lingomunye wemidlalo emikhulu yaseNyakatho Melika. Yize lo mdlalo udlalwa emhlabeni wonke, usathandwa kakhulu eMelika.

Isiqongo sezemidlalo yi- Super Bowl; okokugcina phakathi kokubili okuhle kakhulu I-NFL amaqembu abukwa izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke minyaka yonke (ezinkundleni zemidlalo noma ekhaya). 

Ibhola lingaphelela lapho ngokuligijima lingene kule ndawo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-end zone noma ngokunqaka ibhola endaweni yokugcina.

Ngaphandle kokuthinta phansi, zikhona nezinye izindlela zokuthola amaphuzu.

Owinile yiqembu elinamaphuzu amaningi ekupheleni kwesikhathi esisemthethweni. Nokho, umdwebo ungenzeka.

E-US naseCanada, ibhola laseMelika libizwa nje ngokuthi 'ibhola'. Ngaphandle kwe-US neCanada, lo mdlalo uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ibhola lezinyawo laseMelika" (noma ngesinye isikhathi "ibhola lezinyawo le-gridiron" noma "ibhola lezinyawo") ukuze uwuhlukanise nebhola likanobhutshuzwayo (ibhola likanobhutshuzwayo).

Njengomunye wemidlalo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu emhlabeni, ibhola laseMelika linemithetho nemishini eminingi elenza lihluke.

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Umdlalo uyajabulisa ukuwudlala kodwa nokuwubuka njengoba ubandakanya inhlanganisela ephelele yokudlala ngokomzimba namasu phakathi kwamaqembu amabili aqhudelanayo. 

Iyini i-NFL (National Football League)?

Ibhola laseMelika liwumdlalo obukwa kakhulu e-United States. Kunhlolovo yabantu baseMelika, kuthathwa njengomdlalo abawuthandayo iningi labaphendulile.

Izilinganiso zebhola laseMelika zidlula kude lezo zeminye imidlalo. 

INational Football League (NFL) iyiligi yebhola lezinyawo yaseMelika enkulu kunazo zonke e-United States. I-NFL inamaqembu angama-32 ahlukaniswe izingqungquthela ezimbili, i Umhlangano webhola laseMelika (AFC) kanye ne- Ingqungquthela Yebhola Kazwelonke (NFC). 

Ingqungquthela ngayinye ihlukaniswe izigaba ezine, iNyakatho, iNingizimu, iMpumalanga neNtshonalanga inamaqembu amane iqembu ngalinye.

Umdlalo wokuncintisana, iSuper Bowl, ubukelwa cishe ingxenye yemizi yethelevishini yase-U.S. futhi uboniswa nakuthelevishini kwamanye amazwe angaphezu kuka-150.

Usuku lwegeyimu, i-Super Bowl Sunday, usuku lapho abalandeli abaningi benza khona amaphathi ukuze babukele umdlalo futhi bameme abangani nomndeni esidlweni sakusihlwa futhi babukele umdlalo.

Abaningi balubheka njengosuku olukhulu kakhulu onyakeni.

Inhloso yomdlalo

Inhloso yebhola laseMelika ukuthola amaphuzu amaningi kunombangi wakho ngesikhathi esinikeziwe. 

Iqembu elihlaselayo kufanele linyakazise ibhola lizungeza inkundla ngezigaba ukuze ekugcineni lifake ibhola 'endaweni yokugcina' ukuze 'lithinte phansi' (igoli). Lokhu kungafezwa ngokubamba ibhola kule ndawo yokugcina, noma ukugijima ibhola liye endaweni yokugcina. Kodwa kuvunyelwe iphasi elilodwa kuphela eliya phambili emdlalweni ngamunye.

Iqembu ngalinye elihlaselayo lithola amathuba ama-4 ('downs') ukuhambisa ibhola phambili ngamayadi ayi-10, ngasemkhawulweni wesitha, okusho ukuvikela.

Uma iqembu elihlaselayo ngempela lihambe amayadi angu-10, liwina eyokuqala phansi, noma enye isethi yokushona phansi okune ukuze lithuthuke kumayadi angu-10.

Uma ama-downs ama-4 edlulile futhi iqembu lehlulekile ukwenza amayadi angu-10, ibhola lidluliselwa eqenjini elivikelayo, elizohamba ngokuhlukumeza.

ezemidlalo ngokomzimba

Ibhola laseMelika liwumdlalo wokuxhumana, noma umdlalo womzimba. Ukuvimbela umhlaseli ukuthi agijime nebhola, ukuzivikela kufanele kubhekane nomphathi webhola. 

Kanjalo, abadlali abavikelayo kufanele basebenzise uhlobo oluthile lokuxhumana ukuze bamise ophethe ibhola, ngaphakathi kwemithetho nemihlahlandlela ethile.

Abadlali basemuva akufanele bakhahlele, bashaye noma bakhube ophethe ibhola.

Nabo abakwazi imaski yobuso esigqokweni ukubamba imbangi noma nge isigqoko sabo siqu qala ukuthintana ngokomzimba.

Ezinye izinhlobo eziningi zokubhekana nazo zisemthethweni.

Abadlali bayadingeka imishini yokuzivikela ekhethekile ukugqoka, njengesigqoko sokuzivikela seplastiki, amahlombe ehlombe, ama-hip pads kanye nezinsimbi zamadolo. 

Ngaphandle kwemishini yokuvikela nemithetho yokugcizelela ukuphepha, Ingabe ukulimala kuvame ebholeni?.

Isibonelo, sekuya ngokuya kuvame ukugijima emuva (abashaya kakhulu) ku-NFL ukuze baqede isizini yonke ngaphandle kokulimala.

Izingxabano nazo zivamile: Ngokusho kwe-Brain Injury Association yase-Arizona, cishe abafundi basesikoleni esiphakeme abangaba ngu-41.000 bahlushwa izingxabano unyaka ngamunye. 

Ibhola likanobhutshuzwayo lokuhlaba umkhosi kanye nebhola elithintathintayo yizinhlobonhlobo ezinodlame oluncane zomdlalo ezithola ukuduma futhi ezithola ukunakwa okwengeziwe emhlabeni jikelele.

Flag football has has has maningi amathuba okuba ube umdlalo wama-Olympic ngolunye usuku

Lingakanani iqembu lebhola lezinyawo laseMelika?

Ku-NFL, abadlali abasebenzayo abangu-46 bavunyelwe iqembu ngalinye ngosuku lomdlalo.

Ngenxa yalokho Ingabe abadlali baneqhaza elikhethekile, futhi cishe bonke abadlali abasebenzayo abangu-46 eqenjini le-NFL bazodlala kuwo wonke umdlalo. 

Iqembu ngalinye linochwepheshe 'bezokuhlasela' (ukuhlasela), 'ukuvikela' (ukuzivikela) namaqembu akhethekile, kodwa alilokothi libe nabadlali abangaphezu kwe-11 enkundleni nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. 

Icala ngokuvamile linesibopho sokushaya ama-touchdowns namagoli enkundla.

Ukuzivikela kufanele kuqinisekise ukuthi icala alitholi amaphuzu, futhi amaqembu akhethekile asetshenziselwa ukushintsha izindawo zenkundla.

Ngokungafani nenqwaba yemidlalo ehlangene, lapho umdlalo unamandla ukuze amaqembu womabili ahlasele futhi avikele ngasikhathi sinye, akunjalo ebholeni laseMelika.

Icala lini?

Icala, njengoba sisanda kufunda, liqukethe abadlali abalandelayo:

• Ulayini Ohlaselayo: Onogada Ababili, Ukubhekana Kabili, kanye Nesikhungo
• Wide/slot abamukeli: ezimbili kuya ezinhlanu
• Iziphetho eziqinile: eyodwa noma ezimbili
• Ukugijima emuva: eyodwa noma ezimbili
• I-Quarterback

Umsebenzi womugqa ohlaselayo ngumdluli (ezimweni eziningi, i quarterback) futhi uvule indlela yabagijimi (abagijima emuva) ngokuvimba amalungu okuvikela.

Laba badlali bavamise ukuba ngabadlali abakhulu enkundleni. Ngaphandle kwesikhungo, abadlali abahlaselayo ngokuvamile abaliphathi ibhola.

Abamukeli ababanzi babamba ibhola noma bavimbe imidlalo egijima. Abamukeli ababanzi kufanele basheshe futhi babe nezandla ezinhle ukuze babambe ibhola. Abamukeli ababanzi bavame ukuba ngabadlali abade, abasheshayo.

Iziphetho eziqinile zibamba ugibe noma zivimba imidlalo ethile yokudlula nokugijima. Iziphetho eziqinile zikleliswe ekugcineni komugqa ohlaselayo.

Bangadlala indima efanayo njengabamukeli ababanzi (ukubamba amabhola) noma i-linemen ehlaselayo (ukuvikela i-QB noma ukuvula indawo yabagijimi).

Iziphetho eziqinile ziyingxube eyingxube phakathi kwe-lineman ehlaselayo kanye no-a umamukeli obanzi. Isiphetho esiqinile sikhulu ngokwanele ukuthi ungadlala kulayini ohlaselayo futhi singowokusubatha njengomamukeli obanzi.

Abagijimayo basemuva bagijima ("rush") nebhola kodwa futhi bavimbe i-quarterback kweminye imidlalo.

Ama-backs agijimayo alandelana ngemuva noma eduze kwe-QB. Laba badlali bavamise ukugilwa kudinga amandla amaningi ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo ukudlala kule ndawo.

I-quarterback ngokuvamile nguye ophonsa ibhola, kodwa futhi angagijima nebhola ngokwakhe noma anikeze ibhola emuva.

I-quarterback ingumdlali obaluleke kakhulu enkundleni. Ungumdlali ozibeke ngemuva ngqo kwesikhungo.

Akubona bonke laba badlali abazobe besenkundleni kuyo yonke imidlalo yokuhlasela. Amaqembu angashintsha inombolo yabamukeli ababanzi, iziphetho eziqinile kanye nama-back backs ngesikhathi.

Kuyini ukuzivikela?

I-Defence inesibopho sokumisa ukuhlasela futhi ibagcine ekutholeni amaphuzu.

Akudingi nje kuphela abadlali abaqinile kodwa nokuziphatha nokusebenza kanzima ukwenza uhlelo lomdlalo wokuzivikela.

Ukuzivikela kuqukethe isethi ehlukile yabadlali, okungukuthi:

• Umugqa wokuvikela: abadlali abathathu kuya kwabayisithupha (ama-tackles okuvikela neziphetho zokuzivikela)
• Ama-Defensive back: Okungenani abadlali abathathu, futhi laba baziwa kakhulu njengezokuphepha noma amakhona asemuva
• Linebackers: ezintathu noma ezine
• I-Kicker
• Boleka

Ulayini wokuzivikela ubekwe ngokuphambene ngqo nolayini ohlaselayo. Umugqa wokuvikela uzama ukumisa ikota kanye nokugijima emuva kweqembu elihlaselayo.

Njengomugqa wokuhlasela, abadlali abasemgqeni wokuvikela bangabadlali abakhulu kulayini wokuvikela. Kumelwe bakwazi ukusabela ngokushesha futhi badlale ngokomzimba.

Amakhona nokuphepha ikakhulukazi kuzama ukuvimbela abemukeli ekubambeni ibhola. Kwesinye isikhathi baphinde bafake ingcindezi ku-quarterback.

Abalindi basemuva imvamisa yibona abadlali abasheshayo enkundleni ngoba badinga ukuthi bakwazi ukuvikela abasamukeli abasheshayo.

Babuye bavamise ukuba ngabasubathi kakhulu, njengoba kufanele basebenze emuva, baye phambili futhi babheke eceleni.

Abadlali be-linebackers bavame ukuzama ukumisa ukubuyela emuva kanye nabangase bamukele futhi babhekane ne-quarterback (i-quarterback eyaziwa nangokuthi "isaka").

Bama phakathi komugqa wokuvikela nabangemuva abavikelayo. Ama-linebackers ajwayele ukuba ngabadlali abaqinile enkundleni.

Bangokaputeni bezokuvikela futhi banesibopho sokubiza imidlalo yokuzivikela.

Umkhahleli ukhahlela amagoli enkundla bese ekhahlela amabhola.

Umdlali we-punter ukhahlela ibhola ku-'punts'. I-punt ukukhahlela lapho umdlali ewisa khona ibhola bese akhahlela ibhola elibhekise eqenjini elivikelayo ngaphambi nje kokuba lifike phansi. 

Ayini Amaqembu Akhethekile?

Ingxenye yesithathu neyokugcina yeqembu ngalinye amaqembu akhethekile.

Amaqembu akhethekile ahlola indawo yensimu bese engena enkundleni ezimeni ezahlukahlukene, okuyilezi:

1. Qalisa (buya)
2. Khomba (buya)
3. Igoli lenkundla

Wonke umdlalo uqala ngokukhahlela. Umkhahleli ubeka ibhola epulatifomu alikhahlele kude ngangokunokwenzeka elibhekise eqenjini elihlaselayo.

Iqembu elizokwamukela umdlalo wokukhahlela (iqembu elibuyayo) lizozama ukubamba ibhola futhi ligijime libuyele emuva kakhulu ngokusemandleni ngalo.

Ngemva kokuba ophethe ibhola elandiwe, umdlalo usuphelile futhi amaqembu akhethekile ayaphuma enkundleni.

Iqembu ebeliphethe ibhola manje selizodlala ekuhlaseleni, lapho obephethe ibhola evinjwe khona, bese kuthi iqembu elimelene nalo lidlale ngokuzivikela.

'I-punter' ngumdlali 'opuntha' noma okhahlela ibhola (kodwa kulokhu esuka ezandleni).

Isibonelo, uma ukuhlasela sekufikile ku-4th phansi, esikhundleni sokuzama ukuthola omunye phansi kuqala, bangakhomba ibhola - ukulithumela kude nohlangothi lwabo lwenkantolo ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze bangazifaki engozini yokulahlekelwa ibhola futhi. eduze kwabo.

Bangase bacabange nokuzama ukushaya igoli lenkundla.

Igoli lenkundla: Kukhona amapali amakhulu aphuzi axhunywe nge-crossbar emaphethelweni enkundla ngayinye yebhola.

Iqembu lingakhetha ukuzama ukushaya igoli lenkundla elibiza amaphuzu angu-3.

Inqubo ibandakanya umdlali oyedwa obambe ibhola libheke phansi bese omunye elikhahlela ibhola.

Noma kunalokho kwesinye isikhathi ibhola liyakhuphuka libekwe futhi ibhola likhahlelwe lisuka lapho.

Ibhola kufanele lidutshulwe phezu kwe-crossbar naphakathi kwamapali. Ngakho-ke, amagoli enkundla avame ukuthathwa ngomhlaka-4 phansi noma ekupheleni komdlalo.

Uhamba kanjani umdlalo webhola laseMelika?

Umdlalo webhola laseMelika uqukethe izingxenye ezine ('ikota'), futhi iwashi liyamiswa ngemva kwesenzo ngasinye.

Ngezansi ungafunda ukuthi umdlalo webhola uvamise ukuhamba kanjani:

1. Wonke umdlalo uqala ngokuphonsa uhlamvu lwemali
2. Bese kuba khona ukukhahlela
3. Ngokukhahlelwa kwebhola, indawo yebhola iyanqunywa futhi umdlalo ungaqala
4. Iqembu ngalinye linemizamo emi-4 yokuqhubekisela phambili ibhola amayadi ayi-10

Ekuqaleni komdlalo ngamunye kuba khona uhlamvu lwemali oluphonswayo ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi yiliphi iqembu elithola ibhola kuqala nokuthi lifuna ukuqala ngaluphi uhlangothi lwenkundla. 

Umdlalo ube usuqala ngokukhahlela, noma ukukhahlela, engiqeda ukukhuluma ngakho emaqenjini akhethekile.

Umkhahleli weqembu elivikelayo ukhahlela ibhola elibhekise eqenjini eliphikisayo.

Ibhola likhahlelwa endaweni ephakeme, futhi lithathwa kulayini wasekhaya wamayadi angama-30 (ku-NFL) noma umugqa wamayadi angama-35 ebholeni lasekolishi.

Umbuyiseli wokukhahlela weqembu eliphikisayo uzama ukubamba ibhola futhi agijime aye phambili kakhulu ngebhola.

Lapho ebhekene khona yilapho ukuhlasela kuzoqala khona ukushayela - noma uchungechunge lwemidlalo ehlaselayo.

Uma obuyisa ibhola elikhahlelayo ebamba ibhola endaweni yakhe yokugcina, angakhetha ukugijima nebhola noma akhethe ukuthinta emuva ngokuguqa endaweni yokugcina.

Esimeni sakamuva, ithimba elamukelayo liqala idrayivu yalo ehlaselayo lisuka kulayini walo wamayadi angama-20.

Ukuthinta emuva kwenzeka futhi lapho ibhola liphuma endaweni yokugcina. Ama-punts nama-turnovers endaweni yokugcina nakho kungagcina ngokuthinta emuva.

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, iqembu ngalinye linama-downs angu-4 (imizamo) yokuqhubekela phambili ngamayadi ayi-10 noma ngaphezulu. Amaqembu angajikijela noma agijime nebhola ukwenza la mayadi.

Uma iqembu selithuthuke okungenani ngamayadi ayi-10, lizothola ama-try angu-4 ngaphezulu.

Ukwehluleka ukwenza amayadi ayi-10 ngemuva kokudilika okungu-4 kuzoholela ekuguqukeni (nokuphatha ibhola liya eqenjini eliphikisayo).

Ingabe umdlalo ophansi uphela nini?

I-down ends, futhi ibhola 'lifile', ngemva kokukodwa kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Umdlali ophethe ibhola ulethwa phansi (abanjwe) noma ukuya phambili kumiswe amalungu eqembu eliphikisayo.
• Iphasi eliya phambili liphuma emngceleni noma lishaye phansi ngaphambi kokuba libanjwe. Lokhu kwaziwa njengepasi elingaphelele. Ibhola libuyiselwa endaweni yalo yokuqala enkundleni ngokulandelayo.
• Ibhola noma umdlali onebhola uyaphuma emingceleni.
• Iqembu lishaya amaphuzu.
• Ku-touchback: uma ibhola 'lifile' endaweni yokugcina yeqembu futhi kube umhlanganyeli onikeze umfutho obangele ukuba lihambe phezu komugqa wegoli liye endaweni yokugcina.

Onompempe bashaya ikhwelo ukwazisa bonke abadlali ukuthi ukwehla kuphelile. IDowns yaziwa nangokuthi 'yimidlalo'.

Uwathola kanjani amaphuzu ebholeni laseMelika?

Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokuthola amaphuzu ebholeni laseMelika. Okudume kakhulu yi-touchdown, okuveza amaphuzu amaningi. 

Kodwa zikhona ezinye izindlela:

1. I-Touchdown
2. I-PAT (igoli lenkundla) noma ukuguqulwa kwamaphuzu amabili
3. Igoli lenkundla (noma kunini)
4. khetha eziyisithupha
5. Ukuphepha

Uthola i-touchdown - ekhiqiza amaphuzu angekho ngaphansi kuka-6 - ngokugijima nebhola endaweni yokugcina, noma ukubamba ibhola endaweni yokugcina. 

Ngemuva kokushaya i-touchdown, iqembu elikora linezinketho ezimbili.

Kuphakathi kokuthi ikhetha ukuthola iphuzu elengeziwe ('ukuguqulwa kwephuzu elilodwa', 'iphoyinti elingeziwe' noma 'i-PAT'= iphoyinti ngemva kokuthinta phansi') ngomgomo wenkundla.

Lokhu kukhethwa yikona okuvame kakhulu njengoba manje sekulula ukushaya igoli lasenkundleni njengoba iqembu elihlaselayo lingekude namapali.

Ithimba lingaphinda likhethe ukwenza ukuguqulwa kwamaphuzu amabili.

Lokho kuzama ukwenza okunye ukuthinta phansi, ukusuka kumayadi angu-2, futhi lokhu kuthinta kubiza amaphuzu angu-2.

Kwenzeka lokhu nje, iqembu lingazama ukudubula ibhola lidlule emapalini nganoma yisiphi isikhathi (epalini lasebaleni), kodwa amaqembu ngokuvamile akwenza lokhu kuphela uma engaphezulu noma ngaphansi kwamayadi angama-20 kuya kwangu-40 ukusuka egoli.

Iqembu akufanele lifake engozini ukukhahlelwa kwenkundla uma likude kakhulu namapali, njengoba uma uqhelile, kuba nzima nakakhulu ukukhipha ibhola emapalini.

Uma igoli lenkundla lehluleka, ophikisana naye uthola ibhola lapho ibhola belikhahlelwe khona.

Igoli lenkundla livamise ukucatshangelwa kokugcina phansi, futhi ukukhahlela okuyimpumelelo kungamaphuzu amathathu.

Egolini lasenkundleni, umdlali oyedwa ubamba ibhola libheke phansi, futhi omunye udubule ibhola emapalini nangaphezu kwebha enqamulayo ngemuva kwendawo yokugcina.

Nakuba ngokuvamile kuyicala elithola amaphuzu, abavikeli bangakwazi futhi ukuthola amaphuzu.

Uma ukuzivikela evimbezela iphasi ('khetha') noma ephoqa umdlali omelene naye ukuthi aphuphuse (aliwise) ibhola, bangagijima ibhola endaweni yokugcina yombangi amaphuzu ayisithupha, okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi 'i-pick ebizwa ngokuthi i-six'.

Ukuphepha kwenzeka lapho iqembu elivikelayo likwazi ukubhekana nokuhlasela endaweni yalo yokugcina; ngalokhu, ithimba elivikelayo lithola amaphuzu angu-2.

Amaphutha athile (ikakhulukazi amaphutha okuvimbela) enziwa abadlali abahlaselayo endaweni yokugcina nawo aphumela ekuphepheni.

Iqembu elinamaphuzu amaningi ekupheleni komdlalo limenyezelwa ukuthi liwinile.

Uma amaphuzu elingana, kuba nesikhathi esengeziwe lapho amaqembu adlala ikota eyengeziwe kuze kube khona owinile.

Uhlala isikhathi esingakanani umdlalo webhola laseMelika?

Umdlalo uthatha 'amakota' amane emizuzu eyi-15 (noma ngezinye izikhathi imizuzu eyi-12, isibonelo ezikoleni zamabanga aphezulu).

Lokho kufanele kusho isamba semizuzu engama-60 yesikhathi sokudlala, ungacabanga.

Nokho, isitophuwashi siyamiswa ezimeni eziningi; okufana nama-fouls, uma iqembu lishaya amaphuzu noma lidlula akukho muntu obamba ibhola ngaphambi kokuthi lifike phansi (“iphasi elingaphelele”).

Iwashi liqala ukugijima futhi lapho ibhola libekwa futhi enkundleni ngunompempe.

Ngakho-ke umdlalo uhlukaniswe izingxenye ezine zemizuzu eyi-12 noma eyi-15.

Phakathi kwekota yokuqala neyesi-1 neyesi-2 neyesine kuthathwa ikhefu lemizuzu emi-3 futhi phakathi kwekota yesi-4 neyesi-2 kuthathwa imizuzu eyi-2 noma eyi-3 (isikhathi sokuphumula).

Ngenxa yokuthi isitophuwashi sivamise ukumiswa, umentshisi kwesinye isikhathi ungahlala amahora amathathu.

Ngemva kwekota ngayinye, amaqembu ayashintshana. Iqembu elinebhola liphethe ikota elandelayo.

Iqembu elihlaselayo linemizuzwana engu-40 kusukela ekupheleni komdlalo othile ukuze liqale umdlalo omusha.

Uma iqembu lingekho ngesikhathi, lizojeziswa ngokwehla kwamayadi angu-5.

Uma iboshelwe ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-60, kuzodlalwa isikhathi esengeziwe semizuzu engu-15. Ku-NFL, iqembu elithola i-touchdown kuqala (ukufa kungazelelwe) liyawina.

Igoli lenkundla lingenza iqembu liwine ngesikhathi esengeziwe, kodwa kuphela uma womabili amaqembu engabanikazi bebhola.

Emdlalweni ojwayelekile we-NFL, lapho kungekho qembu elithola amaphuzu ngesikhathi esengeziwe, i-tie isala. Kumdlalo wokuhlungela we-NFL, isikhathi esengeziwe siyadlalwa, uma kunesidingo, ukuze kunqunywe owinile.

Imithetho yesikhathi esengeziwe sasekolishi iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

Kuyini ukuvala isikhathi?

Ithimba labaqeqeshi beqembu ngalinye livunyelwe ukucela isikhathi, njengoba kwenziwa kweminye imidlalo.

Ukuvala isikhathi kungacelwa umqeqeshi ngokwenza izandla zakhe zibe sesimweni sika-'T' futhi adlulisele lokhu kunompempe.

Isikhathi sokuphuma siyikhefu elifushane lomqeqeshi ukuze axhumane neqembu lakhe, aphule ijubane leqembu eliphikisayo, aphumule abadlali, noma agweme ukubambezeleka noma inhlawulo yomdlalo.

Iqembu ngalinye linelungelo lokuphuma izikhathi ezi-3 ngesigamu. Uma umqeqeshi efuna ukumisa isikhathi, kumele akutshele unompempe lokhu.

Iwashi limisiwe ngesikhathi sokuvala. Abadlali banesikhathi sokubamba umoya, ukuphuza, futhi abadlali bangashintshwa.

Ebholeni lasekolishi, iqembu ngalinye lithola izikhathi zokuvala izikhathi ezi-3 ngesigamu. Isikhathi ngasinye sokuphuma singathatha kufika kumasekhondi angu-90.

Uma isikhathi sokuvala singasetshenziswa esiwombeni sokuqala, angeke sidluliselwe esiwombeni sesibili.

Esikhathini esengeziwe, iqembu ngalinye lithola isikhathi sokuvala ngekota ngayinye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi liqede isikhathi esingaki umdlalo.

Ukuphela kwesikhathi kungokuzithandela futhi akudingekile ukuthi kusetshenziswe.

Futhi ku-NFL, iqembu ngalinye lithola ukuphuma kwesikhathi oku-3 ngesigamu ngasinye, kodwa ukuphuma kwesikhathi kungathatha imizuzu emi-2. Ngesikhathi esengeziwe, iqembu ngalinye lithola izikhathi ezimbili zokuvala.

Ibhola lidlalwa kanjani?

Ingxenye ngayinye iqala ngokukhahlela noma ukukhahlela. Kodwa amaqembu aphinde aqale ngemuva kokushaya ama-touchdowns namagoli asenkundleni. 

Ngaphandle kwasekuqaleni kwesigamu nangemva kwamaphuzu, ibhola, ebizwa nangokuthi isikhumba sengulube, ehlale idlalwa 'ngokuthwebula'. 

Ngokuphazima kweso, abadlali abahlaselayo bashaya umugqa ngokumelene nabadlali abavikelayo emugqeni we-scrimmage (umugqa ocatshangelwayo enkundleni lapho umdlalo uqala khona).

Umdlali oyedwa ohlaselayo, ophakathi nendawo, ube esedlulisela (noma "ehlwitha") ibhola phakathi kwemilenze yakhe kumlingani weqembu, ngokuvamile i-quarterback.

I-quarterback ibe isiletha ibhola emdlalweni.

Ngemuva kwezokuphepha – uma iqembu elivikelayo likwazile ukubhekana nokuhlasela endaweni yalo yokugcina – (ungakuphambanisi lokhu nendawo ephephile!) – iqembu elihlaselayo libuyisela ibhola ekudlaleni ngephuzu noma ukukhahlela ku-20 walo. umugqa wegceke.

Iqembu elimelene nalo kumele libambe ibhola bese lililetha phambili ngokusemandleni (ukuqalisa ukubuya) ukuze ukuhlasela kwabo kuqale futhi endaweni evumayo kakhulu.

Abadlali bangalihambisa kanjani ibhola?

Abadlali bangaphehla ibhola ngezindlela ezimbili:

1. Ngokugijima nebhola
2. Ngokujikijela ibhola

Ukugijima nebhola kwaziwa nangokuthi 'ukugijima'. Ngokuvamile umdlali wasemuva unikeza ozakwabo ibhola.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhola lingaphonswa, okwaziwa ngokuthi 'iphasi eliya phambili'. Ukudlula phambili kuyisici esibalulekile lokho ihlukanisa ibhola laseMelika phakathi kokunye, ibhola lombhoxo.

Umhlaseli angakwazi ukujikijela ibhola phambili kanye kuphela emdlalweni ngamunye futhi ngemuva komugqa we-scrimmage. Ibhola lingajikijelwa eceleni noma emuva nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

Lolu hlobo lokudlula lwaziwa ngokuthi yi-lateral pass futhi aluvamile ebholeni laseMelika kunasebholeni lombhoxo.

Ukushintsha kanjani ukuphatha ibhola?

Uma amaqembu eshintsha ibhola, iqembu elisanda kudlala ngokuhlukumeza selizodlala ngokuvikela, futhi okuphambene nalokho.

Ukushintsha kokuphatha kwenzeka ezimeni ezilandelayo:

• Uma ukuhlasela kungakadluli amayadi angu-10 ngemuva kokushona phansi okune 
• Ngemuva kokushaya i-touchdown noma igoli lenkundla
• Igoli lenkundla lehlulekile
• Thobeka
• Ukubhoboza
• Ukuqonda
• Ukuphepha

Uma ngemuva kwama-downs angu-4 iqembu elihlaselayo lingakwazi ukuyisa ibhola phambili okungenani amayadi ayi-10, iqembu elimelene nalo lizuza ukulawula ibhola lapho umdlalo uphele khona.

Lolu shintsho lwempahla luvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-turnover on downs."

Uma icala lithola ukuthinta phansi noma igoli lenkundla, leli qembu libe selikhahlela ibhola eqenjini eliphikisayo, elibese lizuza ukuphatha ibhola.

Uma iqembu elihlaselayo lehluleka ukushaya igoli lenkundla, iqembu eliphikisayo lizuza ulawulo lwebhola futhi umdlalo omusha uqala lapho umdlalo wangaphambilini uqale khona (noma ku-NFL lapho kukhahlelwa khona).

Uma ukukhahlela (okuhlulekile) kuthathwe phakathi kwamayadi angu-20 endaweni yokugcina, iqembu eliphikisayo lithola ibhola emugqeni walo wamayadi angu-20 (okungukuthi, amayadi angu-20 ukusuka endaweni yokugcina).

Ukuphuthaza kwenzeka lapho umdlali ohlaselayo ewisa ibhola ngemva kokulibamba noma, ngokuvamile, ngemva kokugingqika okumphoqe ukuthi awise ibhola.

Ibhola lingatholwa umphikisi (ukuzivikela).

Njengasezikhawulweni (bheka ngezansi), umdlali ocosha ibhola angase agijime nebhola aze awiswe noma akhishwe ngenkani emingceleni.

Ama-Fumbles kanye nokungenelela sekuhlangene kubizwa ngokuthi "i-turnovers."

Ephuzwini elithile, iqembu elihlaselayo lidubula ibhola (ngokungangokunokwenzeka) libhekise eqenjini elivikelayo, njengasekukhahleleni kwebhola.

Ama-punts - njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili - cishe ahlala enziwa endaweni yesine phansi, lapho iqembu elihlaselayo lingafuni ukuzifaka engozini yokupha iqembu elibhekene nalo ibhola endaweni elikuyo njengamanje enkundleni (ngenxa yokuhluleka kwemizamo yokushaya kuqala phansi) futhi ucabanga ukuthi ibhola likude kakhulu namapali ukuze alinge igoli lenkundla.

Uma umdlali ovikelayo evimba iphasi evela eqenjini elihlaselayo ephuma emoyeni ('ukucasha'), iqembu elivikelayo lisuke liphethe ibhola ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Umdlali owenza isinqamuleli angagijima nebhola lize liwiswe noma liphumele ngaphandle kwemigqa yenkundla.

Ngemuva kokuthi umdlali ohlabayo esewisiwe noma ebekwe eceleni, iyunithi ehlaselayo yeqembu lakhe ibuyela enkundleni futhi ithathe indawo ekuyo manje.

Njengoba kuxoxiwe ngaphambili, ukuphepha kwenzeka uma iqembu elivikelayo liphumelela ukubhekana nokuhlasela endaweni yalo yokugcina.

Ngalokhu, iqembu elivikelayo lithola amaphuzu angu-2 futhi lizuza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuba nebhola. 

I-Basic American Football Strategy

Kwabanye abalandeli, okukhanga kakhulu kunobhutshuzwayo yisu eliklanywe yithimba labaqeqeshi ababili ukukhulisa amathuba okunqoba umdlalo. 

Iqembu ngalinye linalokho okubizwa ngokuthi 'ibhuku lokudlala' elinamashumi kuya kwesinye isikhathi amakhulu ezimo zemidlalo (ebuye ibizwe ngokuthi 'imidlalo').

Ngokufanelekile, wonke umdlalo uwukuphishekela okunengqondo, okuhlanganiswe neqembu. 

Eminye imidlalo iphephe kakhulu; cishe bazokhipha amayadi ambalwa kuphela.

Eminye imidlalo inethuba lokuzuza amayadi amaningi, kodwa ngengcuphe enkulu yokulahlekelwa amayadi (ukulahlekelwa yiyadi) noma inzuzo (uma ophikisana naye ezuza ifa).

Ngokuvamile, imidlalo egijimayo (lapho ibhola ligijima khona ngokushesha kunokujikijelwa kumdlali kuqala) ayinabungozi kakhulu kunemidlalo yokuphaselana (lapho ibhola liphonswa khona ngqo kumdlali).

Kodwa kukhona nemidlalo yokudlula ephephile kanye nemidlalo yokugijima eyingozi.

Ukudukisa iqembu eliphikisayo, eminye imidlalo edlulayo iklanyelwe ukufana nemidlalo egijimayo futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.

Kunemidlalo eminingi yobuqili, isibonelo uma iqembu lenza sengathi lihlose "ukukhomba" bese lizama ukugijima nebhola noma ukuphonsa ibhola okokuqala phansi.

Imidlalo enjalo eyingozi ijabulisa kakhulu abalandeli - uma isebenza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bangasho inhlekelele uma isitha sibona inkohliso futhi senze okuthile ngayo.

Ezinsukwini eziphakathi kwemidlalo, kunamahora amaningi okulungiselela namasu, okuhlanganisa nokubuka amavidiyo wegeyimu yezimbangi ngabadlali nabaqeqeshi.

Lokhu, kanye nesimo somzimba esinzima somdlalo, yingakho amaqembu edlala okungenani umdlalo owodwa ngesonto.

Funda futhi incazelo yami mayelana nebhola elimnandi lapho isu elihle libuye libaluleke kakhulu

Ithini incwadi yokudlala yebhola laseMelika?

Kunamakhulu emidlalo ehlukene abadlali abangayidlala endaweni ngayinye. Konke lokhu kusencwadini yokudlala yeqembu ngalinye. 

Ibhuku lokudlala liqukethe wonke amasu eqembu lokuthola amaphuzu amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Kukhona incwadi yokudlala eyodwa yokwephula umthetho kanye neyokuzivikela.

Imidlalo 'iklanywa' ithimba labaqeqeshi, lapho abadlali abahlaselayo bevame ukugijima ngezindlela ezihlukene ('ukugijima umzila') futhi ukunyakaza okudidiyelwe kanye nezenzo zenziwa.

Kukhona nencwadi yokudlala yokuzivikela, lapho kwenziwa khona amasu okuvikela ukuhlasela ngendlela engenzeka.

Umqeqeshi oyinhloko noma i-quarterback inquma imidlalo yeqembu elihlaselayo kuyilapho ukapteni ovikelayo noma umxhumanisi enquma imidlalo yeqembu elivikelayo.

Inkulu kangakanani inkundla yebhola laseMelika?

Izingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zenkundla yebhola laseMelika yizindawo ezimbili zokugcina, enye yazo etholakala ekugcineni kwenkundla.

Indawo ngayinye yokugcina ingamamitha angu-10 ubude futhi iyindawo lapho ama-touchdown atholwa khona. Ibanga ukusuka e-endzone ukuya e-endzone lingamayadi ayi-100 ubude.

Ngakho-ke inkundla yebhola laseMelika iyingqikithi yamayadi angu-120 (cishe amamitha angu-109) ubude namayadi angu-53,3 (cishe amamitha angu-49) ububanzi.

Indawo yokugcina imvamisa inemibala ehlukene ukuze ikhonjwe kalula ngabadlali.

Kukhona namapali (okubuye abizwe ngokuthi 'ama-uprights') ekugcineni kwenkundla lapho umkhahleli edubula khona ibhola. Amapali ahlukene ngamamitha angu-18.5 (5,6 m) (amafidi angu-24 noma amamitha angu-7,3 esikoleni samabanga aphezulu).

Izigxobo zixhunywe nge-batten 3 amamitha ukusuka phansi. Inkundla yebhola laseMelika ihlukaniswe yaba imigqa yamagceke njalo ngamayadi ayi-5 ububanzi benkundla.

Phakathi kwaleyo migqa uzothola umugqa omfushane egcekeni ngalinye. Wonke amayadi ayi-10 anezinombolo: 10 – 20 – 30 – 40 – 50 (maphakathi nenkundla) – 40 – 30 – 20 – 10.

Imigqa emibili yemigqa, eyaziwa ngokuthi "imigqa engenayo" noma "izimpawu ze-hash," ihambisana nemigqa eseceleni eduze nendawo emaphakathi yenkundla.

Yonke imidlalo iqala ngebhola phakathi noma phakathi kwama-hashi mark.

Ukwenza lokhu kubonakale kakhudlwana, ungakwazi buka lesi sithombe kwaSportsfy.

Imishini (igiya) yebhola laseMelika

Igiya eligcwele lokuzivikela lisetshenziswa ebholeni; ngaphezu kwalokho okwenzeka kweminye imidlalo.

Ngokomthetho, umdlali ngamunye kumele agqoke izinto ezifanele ukuze adlale.

Onompempe babheka izinto zokusebenza ngaphambi komdlalo ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi abadlali bagqoke isivikelo esidingekayo ukuze bahambisane neziqondiso.

Ungafunda ukuthi abadlali bemishini basebenzise ngezansi:

• Helm
• umlindi womlomo
• Amaphedi ehlombe anejezi leqembu
• Bhinca ibhulukwe lebhola
• Ama-cleats
• Kungenzeka amagilavu

I-accessory yokuqala futhi ephawulekayo kakhulu isigqoko sokuzivikela† Isigqoko senziwe ngepulasitiki eqinile evikela ubuso nogebhezi ekushayweni kanzima.

Izigqoko zokuzivikela ziza nazo imaski yobuso (i-facemask), futhi ukwakheka kwayo kuncike endaweni yomdlali.

Isibonelo, abamukeli ababanzi badinga imaski yobuso evuleke kakhudlwana ukuze bagcine umbono webhola ukuze balibambe.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umdlali womugqa ohlaselayo uvamise ukuba nemaski yobuso evaleke kakhudlwana ukuze avikele ubuso bakhe ezandleni neminwe yombangi.

Isigqoko sokuzivikela sibanjwe endaweni nge intambo yesilevu.

I-mouthguard nayo iyadingeka, futhi ukuze uthole ukubuka kabanzi kwamamodeli angcono kakhulu, funda kabanzi lapha.

amahlombe amahlombe ngesinye isisetshenziswa esimangalisayo somdlali webhola. Amaphedi ehlombe enziwe ngepulasitiki eqinile eboshwe ngokuqinile ngaphansi kwamakhwapha.

Amaphedi ehlombe asiza ukuvikela amahlombe, kanye nesivikelo sesifuba.

Ijezi ligqokwa phezu kwamaphedi ehlombe. Amajezi ayingxenye yekhithi, ebonisa imibala yeqembu kanye nophawu.

Inombolo yomdlali kanye negama kumele kufakwe. Izinombolo zibalulekile, njengoba abadlali kufanele bawele ebangeni elithile ngokusekelwe endaweni yabo.

Lokhu kuyasiza onompempe nquma ukuthi ubani ongabamba ibhola nokuthi ubani ongeke (ngoba akubona bonke abadlali abangavele babambe ibhola bagijime nalo!).

Emaqenjini aphansi abadlali bavame ukuvunyelwa ukuthi bazikhethele inombolo okungadingeki ukuthi bahlanganise lutho ngendawo yabo enkundleni.

Amajezi enziwe ngempahla enayiloni ethambile enezinombolo ngaphambili nangemuva.

I-grille ibhulukwe eliqinile elivikelayo oligqoka ngaphansi kokuncintisana noma ibhulukwe lakho lokuziqeqesha.

Ibhande linikeza isivikelo ezinqulwini, emathangeni nasethambo lomsila. Amanye amabhande nawo anokuvikelwa kwamadolo okwakhelwe ngaphakathi. Ukuze uthole amabhande angcono kakhulu chofoza lapha.

Ukusebenzisa abadlali izicathulo ezinama-cleats, afana kakhulu namabhuzu ebhola.

Ngokuya ngesimo sakho ku-pitch (kanye nendawo odlala kuyo), amanye amamodeli angcono kunamanye. Banikeza ukubamba nokunethezeka okwanele.

Amagilavu ​​awaphoqelekile, kodwa ngokuvamile anconywa.

Kungasiza abadlali ukuthi balibambe kangcono ibhola noma bavikele izandla zabo.

Ingabe ufuna amagilavu ​​ebhola amasha? Funda lapha ukuthi yiziphi ezihamba phambili.

Izinombolo zejezi le-NFL

Isistimu yezinombolo zejezi ye-NFL isekelwe endaweni eyinhloko yomdlali. Kodwa noma yimuphi umdlali - kungakhathalekile inombolo yakhe - angadlala kunoma iyiphi enye indawo.

Akuvamile ukuthi i-backback idlale njengomamukeli obanzi ezimeni ezithile, noma u-lineman noma u-linebacker adlale njenge-fullback noma isiphetho esiqinile ezimeni ezimfushane ze-yardage.

Nokho, abadlali abagqoke izinombolo 50-79 kufanele bazise unompempe kusenesikhathi uma bedlala ngaphandle kwendawo ngokubika inombolo engafaneleki endaweni efanelekile.

Abadlali abagqoke le nombolo abavunyelwe ukubamba ibhola kanjalo nje.

Nayi imithetho ejwayelekile ye-ement-b20b5b37-e428-487d-a6e1-733e166faebd” class=”textannotation disambiguated wl-thing” itemid=”https://data.wordlift.io/wl146820/entity/rules”>imithetho yezinombolo zejezi :

• 1-19: I-Quarterback, Kicker, Punter, Wide Receiver, Running Back
• 20-29: Ukugijima Emuva, Ikhona Emuva, Ukuphepha
• 30-39: Ukugijima Emuva, Ikhona Emuva, Ukuphepha
• 40-49: Ukugijima Emuva, Ukuphela Okuqinile, Ikhoneni, Ukuphepha
• I-50-59: Ulayini Ohlaselayo, Ulayini Wokuzivikela, I-Linebacker
• 60-69: Ulayini Ohlaselayo, Umugqa Wokuvikela
• 70-79: Ulayini Ohlaselayo, Umugqa Wokuvikela
• 80-89: I-Wide Receiver, I-Tight End
• 90-99: Ulayini Wokuvikela, I-Linebacker

Emidlalweni yangaphambi kwesizini, lapho amaqembu evame ukuba nenani elikhulu labadlali abasele, abadlali bangase bagqoke izinombolo ezingaphandle kwemithetho engenhla.

Uma iqembu lokugcina lisungulwa, abadlali bazophinda bafakwe izinombolo ngaphakathi kwemihlahlandlela engenhla.

Izijeziso Ebholeni laseMelika

Ukuze kugcinwe umdlalo ufanelekile, onompempe babuka iwashi, bashaye ikhwelo lapho umdlali ebanjiwe (ngoba yilapho umdlalo uphela khona), futhi bajikijele ifulegi lephenathi emoyeni lapho kwenziwa iphutha.

Noma yimuphi unompempe angase aphakamise ifulegi lesigwebo esiphuzi eduze nendawo yokwephulwa komthetho.

Ifulegi lamaphenathi likhomba ukuthi unompempe useyibonile iphenathi futhi ufuna ukuxwayisa abadlali, ithimba labaqeqeshi kanye nabanye onompempe. 

Izijeziso zivame ukuphumela ekubeni namagceke angemuhle eqenjini elihluliwe (lapho unompempe ebeka khona ibhola emuva futhi iqembu lizolahlekelwa ngamayadi).

Amanye amaphenathi okuvikela anika iqembu elihlaselayo i-automatic first down. 

Izijeziso ezengeziwe zibonakaliswa unompempe ofanayo ngokujikijela isikhwama sikabhontshisi noma ikepisi lakhe.

Uma umdlalo usuphelile, iqembu elimele linokukhetha ukuthatha iphenathi liphinde lidlale eyaphansi noma ligcine umphumela womdlalo odlule bese lidlulela kokulandelayo ukuya phansi.

Esigabeni esingezansi ngizoxoxa ngezijeziso ezidumile.

Ukuqala okungamanga

Ukuqala umdlalo ovumelekile, abadlali beqembu eliphethe (icala) kufanele bame ngokuphelele.

Umdlali oyedwa kuphela (kodwa hhayi umdlali osemgqeni ohlaselayo) ongakwazi ukunyakaza, kodwa ahlale ehambisana nomugqa wokukrwempa. 

Isiqalo esingelona iqiniso senzeka lapho umdlali ohlaselayo ehamba ngaphambi kokuthi ibhola lingene. 

Lokhu kufana nokuphuma esikhundleni bese uqala umjaho ngaphambi kokuthi unompempe adubule isibhamu sakhe.

Noma yikuphi umnyakazo womdlali ohlaselayo olingisa ukuqala komdlalo omusha uyajeziswa ngokuhlehliswa kwamayadi angu-5 (ibhola libuyiselwe emuva ngamayadi angu-5).

Ngaphandle kohlangothi

I-offside isho ukulalela. I-Offside yicala lapho umdlali ehlangothini olungalungile lomugqa wokuklwebha lapho ibhola 'lihlwithwa' bese liqala ukudlala.

Uma umdlali ovela eqenjini elivikelayo eqa umugqa wokugxeka ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale umdlalo, kuthathwa njenge-offside.

Njengenhlawulo, ukuzivikela kuhoxa amayadi angu-5.

Abadlali abavikelayo, ngokungafani necala, bangase banyakaze ngaphambi kokuba ibhola lidlalwe, kodwa bangaweqi umugqa wokuklwebha.

I-Offside yicala elenziwa ikakhulukazi ngabavikeli, kodwa lingenzeka nasekuhlaseleni.

Ukubamba

Phakathi nomdlalo, ngumdlali ophethe ibhola kuphela ongabanjwa. 

Ukubamba umdlali ongaphethe ibhola kuthiwa ubambe. Kunomehluko phakathi kokubamba okuhlaselayo nokubamba ngokuzivikela.

Uma umhlaseli ebambe umvikeli (ukubamba okuhlaselayo) futhi lowo mdlali esebenzisa izandla zakhe, izingalo, noma ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakhe ukuze avimbele umdlali ovikelayo ukuthi abhekane nomphathi webhola, iqembu lakhe lijeziswa ngokuwa ngamayadi ayi-10.

Uma umdlali wasemuva ephethe umhlaseli (ukubamba ngokuzivikela), futhi lo mdlali ewisa noma ebambe umdlali ohlaselayo ongenalo ibhola, iqembu lakhe lilahlekelwa amayadi angu-5 futhi ukuhlasela kuwine okuzenzakalelayo phansi kuqala.

Dlula ukuphazamiseka

Umdlali wasemuva akumele aphushe noma amthinte umhlaseli ukuze angakwazi ukunqaka ibhola. Kufanele kuthintwane kuphela uma ezama ukubamba ibhola.

Ukuphazamiseka kwephasi kwenzeka lapho umdlali enza ukuxhumana okungekho emthethweni nomunye umdlali ozama ukubamba kahle. 

Ngokusho kwe-NFL rulebook, ukuphazamiseka kokudlula kubandakanya ukubamba, ukudonsa, nokukhubeka umdlali, nokuletha izandla ebusweni bomdlali, noma ukwenza umnyakazo wokusika phambi komamukeli.

Njengenhlawulo, ithimba liyaqhubeka nokuhlasela lisuka endaweni yokwephulwa komthetho, libala njenge-1 ezenzakalelayo phansi.

Ukungathembeki komuntu siqu (ukuziphatha okubi komuntu siqu)

Amacala omuntu athathwa njengamacala amabi ebholeni ngoba ephula imithetho yenhlonipho neyokudlala.

Ukungenzi kahle ebholeni kuyicala elivela ekudlaleni okungafanele noma okungcolile okubeka omunye umdlali engozini yokulimala omunye umdlali. 

Izibonelo zamacala omuntu zifaka:

• Isigqoko sokuzivikela ukuze sithintane nesigqoko
• umakalabha emadolweni esimbangi
• yenza i-tackout ngaphandle kwenkundla
• nanoma yini enye unompempe ayibheka njengemelene nezemidlalo

Inhlawulo engamayadi angu-15 inikezwa futhi iqembu elimele linikezwa indawo yokuqala phansi ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Ukubambezeleka komdlalo

Uma umdlalo owodwa uphela, umdlalo olandelayo uyaqala. Abahlaseli kufanele babuyisele ibhola ekudlaleni ngaphambi kokuthi iwashi lomdlalo liphele.

Ebholeni laseMelika, iqembu elihlaselayo lihlawuliswa amayadi angu-5 ngokubambezela ukudlala uma lehluleka ukufaka ibhola ekudlaleni ngokuphazima kweso noma ngokukhahlela ngaphandle kokuthi iwashi lomdlalo liphele. 

Lesi sikhathi esinqunyiwe siyahlukahluka ngokuncintisana, futhi ngokuvamile siyimizuzwana engama-25 kusukela ngesikhathi usompempe ekhombisa ngaso ukuthi ibhola selilungele ukudlalwa.

Ibhulokhi elingekho emthethweni ngemuva

Umthetho uthi wonke ama-blocks ebholeni kufanele enziwe kusukela phambili, angasuki ngemuva. 

Ibhulokhi elingemuva elingekho emthethweni liyiphenathi ebizwa ebholeni lapho umdlali ethintana ngokomzimba ngenhla okhalo nangemuva nomdlali ophikisana naye ongenalo ibhola. 

Le nhlawulo iholela esijezisweni samayadi angu-10 ukusuka endaweni yokwephulwa komthetho.

'Ngokuthintana ngokomzimba' kusho ukusebenzisa izandla noma izingalo ukusunduza omelene naye ngemuva ngendlela ethinta umnyakazo wakhe. 

Ukuvimba ngezansi okhalo

Lokhu kubandakanya 'ukuvimba' umdlali ongeyena ophethe ibhola.

Kubhulokhi engekho emthethweni ngezansi okhalweni (kusuka kunoma iyiphi indlela), umvimbi usebenzisa ihlombe lakhe ngokungemthetho ukuze axhumane nomvikeli ngezansi komugqa webhande lakhe. 

Akukho emthethweni ngoba kungadala ukulimala okubi kakhulu - ikakhulukazi edolweni naseqakaleni - futhi kuyinzuzo engafanele kumdlali ovimbayo ngoba umnyakazo uyamvimba umdlali wasemuva.

Isijeziso singamayadi ayi-15 ku-NFL, NCAA (ekolishi/enyuvesi), nasesikoleni esiphakeme. Ku-NFL, ukuvimba ngezansi okhalo akukho emthethweni ngesikhathi sokukhahlela imidlalo nangemva kokushintshwa kwempahla.

Iyahlikihla

Ukugunda akuvunyelwe ngoba kunamandla okubangela ukulimala, okuhlanganisa nemigqa yesibambiso kanye ne-cruciate kanye ne-meniscus.

I-Clipping ihlasela ophikisana naye ngezansi okhalo kusuka ngemuva, inqobo nje uma ophikisana naye engenalo ibhola.

Ukugunda kuhlanganisa nokuzigingqa emilenzeni yombangi ngemva kwebhlokhi.

Ngokuvamile akukho emthethweni, kodwa ku-National Football League kusemthethweni ukuqopha ngaphezu kwedolo ekudlaleni okusondelene.

Ulayini oseduze indawo ephakathi kwezindawo ezivame ukuhlala kuzo ukulwa okuhlaselayo. Inweba amayadi amathathu ohlangothini ngalunye lomugqa we-scrimmage.

Emaligini amaningi, inhlawulo yokugunda ingamamitha ayi-15, futhi uma kwenziwa ukuvikela, i-othomathikhi iqala phansi. 

nqamula block

I-chop block ayikho emthethweni futhi yenzeka lapho umdlali evinjwe abaphikisi ababili, oyedwa phezulu omunye ophansi, okwenza umdlali awe.

I-chop block ibhulokhi yomhlaseli lapho umdlali ohlaselayo evimba umdlali ovikelayo endaweni yethanga noma ngezansi, kuyilapho omunye umdlali ohlaselayo ehlasela lowo mdlali ozivikelayo ngaphezu okhalo.

Akuyona inhlawulo uma omelene naye ovimbayo eqala ukuthintana ngenhla okhalo, noma uma umvimbi ezama ukubalekela imbangi yakhe futhi ukuthintana naye kungeyona inhloso.

Inhlawulo ye-chop block engekho emthethweni iwukulahlekelwa ngamayadi angu-15.

Ukuqhwaga umkhahleli/umdlali/umbambi

Ukushoshozela umkhahleli/i-punter yilapho umdlali ozivikelayo eshayisana nomkhahleli noma i-punter ngesikhathi sokudlala ukukhahlela/ukubhoboza.

Ngokuvamile isijeziso sokukhahlela sinikezwa uma ukuthintana nomkhahleli kunzima.

Ukuhlukumeza umkhahleli/umdlali we-punter kwenzeka lapho umdlali ovikelayo ethinta umlenze omile womkhahleli ngenkathi umlenze wakhe wokukhahlela usemoyeni, noma ethintana nomkhahleli uma sebenezinyawo zombili phansi. 

Umthetho uyasebenza nakulowo ophethe i-field goal kick, njengoba engumdlali ongakwazi ukuzivikela.

Akulona icala uma ukuthintana naye kungenangqondo, noma uma umkhahleli ebuyisela izinyawo zombili phansi ngaphambi kokuthintwa bese ewela phezu komvikeli phansi.

Isijeziso sokwephulwa okunjalo emiqhudelwaneni eminingi singamayadi angu-15 kanye nokuqala phansi okuzenzakalelayo.

Uma kwenzeka ukwephulwa okunjalo, iqembu elizokhipha into ethile endaweni ethile ligcina liphethe ngenxa yalokho.

Uma ukwephula kwenzeka egolini lenkundla elikhahlelwe ngempumelelo, ibanga lizocutshungulwa ekukhahleleni okulandelayo, ngaphandle kwalapho ithimba elihlaselayo likhetha ukwamukela iphenathi futhi liqhubeke nokushayela ngethemba lokuthola i-touchdown, ebizwa ngokuthi “ukuthatha.” amaphuzu ebhodini”.

Ungaphambanisi lesi sigwebo 'nokugijimela kumkhahleli' (bheka ngezansi).  

Egijima eyongena kumkhabi

Ukugijimela kumkhahleli kuthathwa njengokungabi nzima kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlukumeza umkhahleli.

Kwenzeka lapho umdlali ovikelayo ethintana nomlenze wokukhahlela/we-punter ekhahlelayo noma lapho evimba umkhahleli/umkhahleli ukuthi angaweli ngokuphepha izinyawo zombili phansi ngemuva kokukhahlela.

Uma umdlali ozivikelayo eshaya umlenze oshwibayo womkhahleli, kubalwa njengokugijima kumkhahleli. 

Ukugijimela kumkhabi kuyinhlawulo encane futhi kuwukulahlekelwa ngamayadi ama-5 eqenjini.

Ingenye yama-penalty ambalwa angezi nokuqala phansi okuzenzakalelayo, njenge-offside.

Edlalisa umuntu odlulayo

Abadlali basemuva bavunyelwe ukuthintana nomdlali ozama ukuphonsa ibhola eliya phambili ngesikhathi ephethe ibhola (isb. isaka le-quarterback).

Kodwa-ke, uma ibhola selikhululiwe, abadlali basemuva abavunyelwe ukuthintana ne-quarterback ngaphandle kokuthi bashukunyiswe umfutho.

Isinqumo sokuthi ukuthintana ngemva kokukhululwa kwebhola kwaba umphumela wokwephulwa noma umfutho wenziwa unompempe ngesisekelo secala ngalinye.

Ukuhlukumeza umuntu odlulayo kuyicala lapho umdlali ovikelayo ethintana nomdlali wasemuva ongekho emthethweni ngemuva kokuphonsa ibhola eliya phambili.

Isijeziso singamayadi ayi-10 noma ayi-15, kuye ngeligi, kanye nokuqala phansi okuzenzakalelayo kwecala.

Ukuqhwaga odlulayo kungabizwa futhi uma umdlali wasemuva enza izenzo ezithusayo kumuntu odlulayo, njengokumqukula nokumcindezela phansi, noma ukubambana naye.

Ingase futhi ibizwe lapho umdlali ogingqana nomuntu odlulayo ethinta umakalabha kuya ku-helmet, noma ehlala kumuntu odlulayo onesisindo esigcwele somzimba wakhe.

Okuhlukile kumthetho wokugwedla yilapho umdluli engena futhi edlala ngemva kokuphonsa ibhola, njengalapho ezama ukuvimba, ukulungisa iphutha, noma ukulwa nomdlali ovikelayo othole ukuphatha ibhola.

Kulezi zimo, odlulayo uphathwa njenganoma yimuphi omunye umdlali futhi angase athintwe ngokusemthethweni.

Ukuhlukumeza umuntu odlulayo nakho akusebenzi kumaphasi aseceleni noma kumaphasi angemuva.

Ukungenela

Ukweqa kunencazelo ehlukile kumaligi/imiqhudelwano ehlukene. Okuhambisanayo yinhlawulo: okungukuthi ukulahlekelwa ngamayadi angu-5.

Ku-NFL, ukungenela kwenzeka lapho umdlali ozivikelayo eqa ngokungemthetho umugqa wokuklwebhana futhi athintana nophikisana naye noma enendlela ecacile eya ku-quarterback ngaphambi kokudlala ibhola. 

Umdlalo umiswa ngokushesha, njengesiqalo esingelona iqiniso. Lokhu kwephula umthetho kuzoba yinhlawulo ye-offside ku-NCAA.

Esikoleni samabanga aphezulu, ukungena kuhlanganisa YIKUPHI ukuwela indawo emaphakathi ngokuzivikela, noma ngabe uyathintana noma cha.

Kuyafana noku-offside/offside, ngaphandle uma lokhu kwenzeka, umdlalo awuvunyelwe ukuqala.

Njengase-offside, iqembu elenile lijeziswa ngamayadi angu-5.

Ku-NCAA, isijeziso sokweqa sibizwa lapho umdlali ohlaselayo edlula umugqa we-scrimmage ngemuva kokuthi indawo ephakathi ethinte ibhola kodwa engakayifaki ekudlaleni.

Akukho ukugxambukela kwabadlali abavikelayo ebholeni lasekolishi.

Ukushayisana kukamakalabha kuya kumakalabha

Lolu hlobo lokuxhumana lugcina seluthathwa njengomdlalo oyingozi yizikhulu zeligi ngemuva kweminyaka ngenxa yokuthi lingase lidale ukulimala kanzima.

Amaligi amakhulu ebhola, njenge-NFL, Canadian Football League (CFL), kanye ne-NCAA, athathe isinqumo esiqinile mayelana nokushayisana kukamakalabha kuya ku-helmet.

Umfutho wawuwuphenyo lweCongressional emiphumeleni yezingxoxo eziphindaphindiwe kubadlali bebhola kanye nokutholwa okusha mayelana ne-Cronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE).

Okunye ukulimala okungenzeka kuhlanganisa ukulimala ekhanda, ukulimala komgogodla, ngisho nokufa. 

Ukungqubuzana kuka-helmet-to-helmet kuyizehlakalo lapho izigqoko zabadlali ababili zithintana nenani elikhulu lamandla.

Ukushayisa ngamabomu umakalabha kuya ku-helmet kuyinhlawulo emiqhudelwaneni eminingi yebhola.

Inhlawulo ingamayadi angu-15, kanye noku-1 okuzenzakalelayo phansi.

Abakhiqizi bezigqoko zokuzivikela bahlala bethuthukisa imiklamo yabo ukuze bavikele kangcono abasebenzisi babo ekulimaleni okubangelwa imithelela enjalo.

i-horse collar tackle

I-horse-collar tackle iyingozi kakhulu ngenxa yesimo esingesihle somdlali ogijinyiwe, ovame ukuwa emuva ngokunyakazisa umlenze owodwa noma yomibili evaleleke ngaphansi kwesisindo somzimba wakhe.

Lokhu kuba kubi kakhulu uma unyawo lomdlali lubhajwa obala kanye nesisindo esengeziwe somdlali wasemuva. 

I-horse-collar tackle yindlela lapho umdlali wasemuva ehlasela omunye umdlali ngokubamba ikhola yangemuva yejezi noma ingemuva lamaphedi ehlombe futhi ngokushesha adonsele ophethe ibhola phansi ngenkani ukuze akhiphe izinyawo zakhe ngaphansi kwakhe. 

Ukulimala okungenzeka kuhlanganisa i-cruciate ligament sprains noma izinyembezi emadolweni (kuhlanganise ne-ACL ne-MCL) namaqakala, nokuphuka kwe-tibia ne-fibula.

Kodwa-ke, ama-horse-collar tackles okwenziwa eduze komugqa we-scrimmage avunyelwe.

Ku-NFL, i-horse-collar tackle iholela ekujezisweni kwamayadi angu-15 kanye ne-othomathikhi yokuqala phansi uma kwenziwa ukuzivikela.

Ngokuvamile kuzoholela ekuhlawulisweni kososeshini kumdlali.

Isijeziso semaski yobuso

Lesi sijeziso singathweswa abadlali abenza icala, ukuzivikela kanye namaqembu akhethekile. Ukuthinta umakalabha ngengozi ngokuvamile akujeziswa. 

Akekho umdlali ovunyelwe imaski yobuso bamba noma donsa komunye umdlali.

Isijeziso sifinyelela ekubambeni ezinye izingxenye zesigqoko sokuzivikela, okuhlanganisa amarimu, izimbobo ezindlebeni kanye nama-padding. 

Isizathu esikhulu salo mthetho wukuphepha komdlali futhi.

Kuyingozi kakhulu futhi kungaholela ekulimaleni entanyeni nasekhanda, njengoba isigqoko sokuzivikela singadonselwa sikhuphukele kwelinye icala lapho umzimba uhamba khona.

Kuvamise ukushiyelwa ekuboneni kukanompempe ukuthi othintana naye unenhloso noma ubucayi ngokwanele ukuze kugunyazwe inhlawulo yokufihla ubuso.

Ebholeni lesikole samabanga aphezulu, umdlali angathola inhlawulo ye-facemask ngokuthinta nje umakalabha womunye umdlali.

Lo mthetho uhloselwe ukuvikela abadlali abancane.

Ebholeni lasekolishi, nokho, i-NCAA ilandela imithetho efanayo ku-NFL, lapho ukubamba kanye nokuxhaphaza umakalabha kuphumela esijezisweni.

Ngokusho kwe-NFL rulebook, izinhlawulo ze-facemask ziholela esijezisweni samayadi ayi-15.

Uma iqembu elihlaselayo lenza iphenathi, lokho kungaholela ekulahlekelweni noma ekwehleni.

Uma umdlali wasemuva enza icala, iqembu elihlaselayo lingathola i-automatic first down.

Ake sithi osompempe bathola ukuthi inhlawulo inkulu kakhulu, khona-ke inhlawulo iba nzima kakhulu.

Isibonelo, umdlali owonayo uklebhula umakalabha womunye umdlali noma usebenzisa ukubamba kwakhe imaski yobuso ukuze aphonse omunye umdlali phansi.

Uma kunjalo, umdlali angase amiswe ngenxa yokuziphatha okungahambisani nezemidlalo.

Imigomo nezincazelo zebhola lezinyawo laseMelika

Ukuze uqonde kahle futhi uthole okuningi ebholeni laseMelika, udinga ukuzijwayeza amagama abalulekile nezincazelo.

Uhlu olulandelayo lukunikeza isifinyezo samagama ayisisekelo ebhola laseMelika okufanele uyazi:

• Emuva: Iqembu labadlali abahlaselayo - abagijima emuva namaquarterbacks - abalandelana ngemuva komugqa wokuklwebha.
• Down: Isenzo esiqala lapho ibhola lidlalwa futhi siphele lapho ibhola kuthiwa 'lifile' (okusho ukuthi ukudlala kuqediwe). Icala lithola ama-down amane ukuze ibhola lihambe ngamayadi ayi-10. Uma kungenzeki lokho, ibhola kufanele linikezwe ophikisana naye, ngokuvamile 'ngephuzu' kowesine phansi.
• Drive: Uchungechunge lwemidlalo lapho icala linebhola, lize lithole noma liye 'amaphuzu' futhi iqembu elimelene nalo lithole ukulawula ibhola.
• indawo yokugcina: Indawo engamayadi ayi-10 ubude ekugcineni kwenkundla. Uthola i-touchdown uma ungena endaweni yokugcina ngebhola. Uma udlalwa endaweni yakho yokugcina ngenkathi uphethe ibhola, elinye iqembu lithola ukuphepha (okubiza amaphuzu angu-2).
• Ukubamba kahle: Lapho umphindiseli we-punt enyakazisa ingalo yakhe eyeluliwe ngaphezu kwekhanda lakhe. Ngemva kwesignali yokubamba efanelekile, umdlali akakwazi ukugijima nebhola, noma omelene naye akumele alithinte.
• Igoli lenkundla / igoli lenkundla: Ukukhahlela, okubiza amaphuzu amathathu, okungathathwa noma yikuphi enkundleni, kodwa ngokuvamile kuthathwa phakathi kwamamitha angama-40 ukusuka emapalini. Njengephuzu elengeziwe, ukukhahlela kufanele kudutshulwe ngaphezu kwebha naphakathi kwamapali. 
• Thobeka: Ukulahlekelwa ukuba nebhola ngenkathi ugijima noma udlalwa ngalo. Kokubili iqembu elihlaselayo nelivikelayo lingabuyisa iphutha. Uma ukuzivikela ezuza ifa lebhola, kubizwa ngokuthi yi-turnover.
• Ngiyeke: Isenzo sokudlulisa ibhola ngumdlali ohlaselayo (imvamisa i-quarterback) komunye umdlali ohlaselayo. Ama-handoffs ngokuvamile ayenzeka phakathi kwe-quarterback kanye ne-run back.
• Izimpawu zeHash: Imigqa emaphakathi nenkundla ekhombisa igceke elingu-1 enkundleni. Kumdlalo ngamunye, ibhola libekwa phakathi kwezimpawu ze-hashi noma ngaphezulu kwama-hashi, kuye ngokuthi ophethe ibhola ushaywe kuphi kugeyimu edlule.
• Huddle: Uma abadlali beqembu abayi-11 behlangene enkundleni ukuze badingide isu. Ecasukile, umdlali wasemuva wedlula imidlalo ngokuhlangana.
• Ukungaqediwe: Iphasi eliya phambili eliwela phansi ngenxa yokuthi iqembu elihlaselayo alikwazanga ukulibamba, noma iphasi eliwisa umdlali noma eliyibambe ngaphandle kwenkundla.
• Ukuqonda: Iphasi elihlaselayo elibanjwa ngumdlali wasemuva, lishiye umhlaseli engasakwazi ukulawula ibhola.
• Ukuqalisa: I-free kick eyenza ibhola lidlale. Ukukhahlela kwebhola kusetshenziswa ekuqaleni kwekota yokuqala neyesithathu nangemuva kokuthintwa ngakunye kanye negoli lenkundla eliyimpumelelo.
• Umugqa we-scrimmage: Umugqa ocatshangwayo owelula ububanzi benkundla lapho ibhola libekwe khona kumdlalo omusha ngamunye. Icala noma ukuzivikela ngeke kweqe umugqa kuze kube yilapho ibhola libuyiselwa ekudlalweni.
• Khomba: Ukukhahlela okwenziwa lapho umdlali ewisa khona ibhola ezandleni zakhe futhi akhahlele ngaphambi nje kokuba ibhola lishaye phansi. Iphuzu livamise ukutholwa endaweni yesine lapho icala kufanele lidedele ukuzivikela ngoba alikwazanga ukuqhubekela phambili ngamayadi ayi-10.
• indawo ebomvu: Indawo engekho emthethweni ukusuka emugqeni wamayadi angama-20 ukuya kulayini wegoli lombangi. 
• ukukhahlela/ukubuyisela iphuzu: Isenzo sokuthola ukukhahlelwa noma iphoyinti nokugijima uye kugoli lombangi ngenhloso yokushaya noma ukuzuza inani elibalulekile lamayadi.
• Ukujaha: Dlulisa ibhola ngokugijima, hhayi ngokudlula. Ukugijima emuva kwesinye isikhathi kubuye kubizwe ngokuthi i-rusher.
• Isaka: Uma umdlali wasemuva ehlasela i-quarterback ngemuva komugqa we-scrimmage okwenza iqembu elihlaselayo lilahlekelwe ngamayadi.
• Ukuphepha: Isikolo, esibiza amaphuzu amabili, esitholwa ukuzivikela ngokubhekana nomdlali ohlaselayo ephethe ibhola endaweni yakhe yokugcina.
• Secondary: Abadlali abane abavikelayo abavikela ngokudlula futhi bakleliswe ngemuva kwabangemuva futhi babanzi emakhoneni enkundla abhekene nabamukeli bokuhlasela.
• snap: Isenzo lapho ibhola 'lihlwithwa' (phakathi kwemilenze) phakathi nendawo liya ku-quarterback - noma kumbambi lapho ezama ukukhahlela, noma ku-punter. Uma kwenzeka i-snap, ibhola liyadlalwa ngokusemthethweni futhi isenzo siyaqala.

Ekugcineni

Manje njengoba wazi kahle ukuthi ibhola laseMelika lidlalwa kanjani, imidlalo izocaca kakhulu kuwe.

Noma mhlawumbe uzoqala ukuziqeqeshela ibhola laseMelika ngokwakho!

Ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe? Bheka okuthunyelwe kwami ​​​​okubanzi mayelana nokuthi uhlaka lwe-NFL lusebenza kanjani ngempela

UJoost Nusselder, umsunguli wonompempe.eu ungumakethi wokuqukethwe, ubaba futhi uthanda ukubhala ngazo zonke izinhlobo zemidlalo, futhi ubuye wadlala nemidlalo eminingi impilo yakhe yonke. Manje kusukela ngo-2016, yena neqembu lakhe bebelokhu bedala izindatshana zebhulogi eziwusizo ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngemisebenzi yabo yezemidlalo.