Kuyintokozo enkulu ukuthi ngikubhalele laba bafundi lezi zihloko, wena. Angiyamukeli inkokhelo yokubhala izibuyekezo, umbono wami ngemikhiqizo ungowami, kepha uma uthola izincomo zami zilusizo futhi ugcina uthenga okuthile ngesixhumanisi esisodwa engingathola ikhomishini kulokho. Ulwazi oluningi
Ithini i-quarterback Ibhola laseMelika? Omunye wabadlali ababaluleke kakhulu, umdlali odlalayo, ohola umugqa ohlaselayo futhi enze amaphasi anqumayo kwabamukeli ababanzi nabagijima emuva.
Ngalawa macebiso ungaba futhi i-quarterback enhle.
Lokho esixoxa ngakho kulokhu okuthunyelwe okuphelele:
Impicabadala engemuva kweQuarterback yadalulwa
Iyini i-Quarterback?
I-quarterback umdlali oyingxenye yeqembu elihlaselayo futhi odlalayo. Imvamisa bathathwa njengokaputeni weqembu nabadlali ababaluleke kakhulu, njengoba kufanele bashaye amaphasi ayisinqamuli kubadlali ababanzi nabagijima emuva.
Izici ze-Quarterback
- Ingxenye yabadlali abakha umugqa wokuhlasela
- Misa ngqo ngemuva kwesikhungo
- Ihlukanisa umdlalo ngokudlula kubamukeli ababanzi kanye nama-back back
- Inquma isu lokuhlasela
- Amasignali okumele adlale isu lokuhlasela
- Ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengeqhawe
- Ibalwa njengomdlali obaluleke kakhulu eqenjini
Izibonelo ze-Quarterback
- UJoe Montana: Umdlali webhola lezinyawo waseMelika omkhulu kunabo bonke.
- U-Steve Young: "Umfana waseMelika" ojwayelekile ophelele ngokumamatheka komuthi wokuxubha.
- UPatrick Mahomes: Umdlali osemusha onethalente eliningi.
Isebenza Kanjani I-Quarterback?
I-quarterback inquma ukuthi uyalivumela yini iqembu lakhe ukuthi ligijime, ukudlala ngokujaha, ukuthola amayadi, noma ukubeka engcupheni ukudlula ibanga elide, ukudlala okudlulayo. Noma yimuphi umdlali anganqaka ibhola (okuhlanganisa ne-quarterback uma ibhola lilethwe ngemuva komugqa). Ukuzivikela kuhlelwe ngemigqa emithathu. I-quarterback inemizuzwana eyisikhombisa yokuphonsa ibhola.
Abanye abadlali eqenjini
- I-Linemen Ecasulayo: I-Blocker. Abadlali abancane abahlanu abazovikela i-quarterback ekukhokhiseni abadlali basemuva njengoba eklelile ukuze adlule.
- I-Runningback: Umgijimi. Iqembu ngalinye linesiqalo esisodwa esibuyela emuva. Unikezwa ibhola yi-quarterback futhi uhamba nalo.
- Abamukeli Ababanzi: Abamukeli. Babamba amaphasi e-quarterback.
- Amakhona kanye Nokuphepha: Abavikeli. Bamboza abamukeli ababanzi futhi bazame ukumisa i-quarterback.
Iyini ngempela i-quarterback?
Ibhola laseMelika lingomunye wemidlalo ethandwa kakhulu e-United States. Kodwa yini ngempela indima ye-quarterback? Kulesi sihloko, sizochaza kafushane ukuthi i-quarterback yenzani.
Iyini i-Quarterback?
I-quarterback ingumholi weqembu ebholeni laseMelika. Unomthwalo wemfanelo wokwenza imidlalo nokuqondisa abanye abadlali. Uphinde abe nesibopho sokuphonsa amapasi kubamukeli.
Imisebenzi ye-Quarterback
I-quarterback inemisebenzi eminingana phakathi nomdlalo. Ngezansi eminye yemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu:
- Ukwenza imidlalo ekhonjiswe umqeqeshi.
- Ukulawula abanye abadlali enkundleni.
- Ukuphonsa amaphasi kubamukeli.
- Ukufunda ukuzivikela nokwenza izinqumo ezifanele.
- Ukuhola iqembu nokukhuthaza abadlali.
Uba kanjani i-quarterback?
Ukuze ube yi-quarterback, kufanele wazi izinto eziningi. Kufanele ube namasu amahle kanye nokuqonda okuhle kwemidlalo eyahlukene. Kumele futhi ube umholi oqotho futhi ukwazi ukugqugquzela iqembu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele futhi ube nekhono elihle lokufunda ukuzivikela futhi wenze izinqumo ezifanele.
Isiphetho
Njengomdlali wasemuva, ungumholi weqembu ebholeni laseMelika. Unomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqhuba imidlalo, uqondise abanye abadlali, uphonsa amaphasi kubamukeli nokufunda ukuzivikela. Ukuze ube yi-quarterback, kufanele ube namasu amahle kanye nokuqonda kwemidlalo ehlukahlukene. Kumele futhi ube umholi oqotho futhi ukwazi ukugqugquzela iqembu.
Umholi wenkundla: i-quarterback
Indima ye-quarterback
I-quarterback ivame ukuba ubuso beqembu le-NFL. Bavame ukufaniswa nokaputeni beminye imidlalo yamaqembu. Ngaphambi kokuthi okaputeni beqembu baqaliswe ku-NFL ngo-2007, i-quarterback yokuqala yayivame ukuba ngumholi weqembu le-de facto kanye nomdlali ohlonishwayo ngaphandle nangaphandle kwenkundla. Kusukela ngo-2007, lapho i-NFL ivumela amaqembu ukuthi aqoke okaputeni abehlukene njengabaholi enkundleni, i-quarterback eqalayo imvamisa ingomunye wokaputeni beqembu njengomholi weqembu odlalayo.
Nakuba i-quarterback eqalayo ingenazo ezinye izibopho noma igunya, kuye ngokuthi iligi noma iqembu ngalinye, banemisebenzi embalwa engekho emthethweni, njengokuhlanganyela emikhosini yangaphambi komdlalo, ukuphonswa kwemali, noma eminye imicimbi engaphandle kwegeyimu. Isibonelo, i-quarterback eqalayo ungumdlali wokuqala (kanye nomuntu wesithathu ngemuva komnikazi weqembu nomqeqeshi oyinhloko) ukunqoba i-Lamar Hunt Trophy/George Halas Trophy (ngemuva kokuwina isicoco se-AFC/NFC Conference) kanye ne-Vince Lombardi Trophy ( ngemuva kwe- Ukuwina kweSuper Bowl). I-quarterback yokuqala yeqembu eliwinile le-Super Bowl ngokuvamile likhethwa emkhankasweni othi “I'm going to Disney World!” (ohlanganisa uhambo oluya ku-Walt Disney World kubo nemindeni yabo), kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bayi-Super Bowl MVP noma cha. ; izibonelo zifaka uJoe Montana (XXIII), uTrent Dilfer (XXXV), uPeyton Manning (50), noTom Brady (LIII). U-Dilfer wakhethwa, nakuba uzakwabo uRay Lewis ayeyi-MVP ye-Super Bowl XXXV, ngenxa yegama elibi elivela ecaleni lakhe lokubulala ngonyaka odlule.
Ukubaluleka kwe-quarterback
Ukukwazi ukuthembela ku-quarterback kubalulekile ekuziphatheni kweqembu. Ukuphepha kwe-San Diego Chargers u-Rodney Harrison ubize isizini ka-1998 "njengephupho elibi" ngenxa yokungadlali kahle kukaRyan Leaf no-Craig Whelihan futhi, ovela ku-rookie Leaf, ukuziphatha okudelela kozakwabo. Yize abadlali ababambele uJim Harbaugh no-Erik Kramer bengezona izihlabani ngo-1999, umdlali wasemuva uJunior Seau uthe, “Ngeke ucabange ukuthi sizizwa silondeke kangakanani njengozakwethu, wazi ukuthi sinabadlali ababili abadlala kule ligi futhi abakwaziyo ukusingatha le midlalo. baziphathe njengabadlali nanjengabaholi”.
Abahlaziyi baphawule “ukubaluleka okungalingani” kwe-quarterback, beyichaza ngokuthi "isikhundla esikhazinyuliswe kakhulu - nesihlolisiswa kakhulu" kwezemidlalo yeqembu. Kukholakala ukuthi "asikho esinye isikhundla kwezemidlalo esichaza imigomo yomdlalo kakhulu" njenge-quarterback, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inomthelela omuhle noma omubi, ngoba "wonke umuntu uncike kulokho umdlali we-quarterback angakwazi ukukwenza nangakwazi ukukwenza. Ukuzivikela , kuyacasula, wonke umuntu usabela kunoma iziphi izinsongo noma okungezona izinsongo i-quarterback anazo. Konke okunye kungokwesibili”. "Kungaphikiswana ngokuthi i-quarterback iyisikhundla esinethonya elikhulu kwezemidlalo yeqembu, njengoba ethinta ibhola cishe yonke imizamo yokuhlasela yesizini emfushane kakhulu kune-baseball, basketball noma i-hockey -- isizini lapho yonke imidlalo ibalulekile." Amaqembu e-NFL aphumelela ngokungaguquki (ngokwesibonelo, ukubonakala okuningi kwe-Super Bowl phakathi nesikhathi esifushane) agxile ku-quarterback eyodwa yokuqala; okuhlukile kwaba yiWashington Redskins ngaphansi komqeqeshi oyinhloko uJoe Gibbs owawina amaSuper Bowls amathathu ngamaquarterback amathathu ahlukene aqala kusukela ngo-1982 kuya ku-1991. Eziningi zalezi zinsuku zobukhosi ze-NFL zaphela ngokusuka kwe-quarterback yazo yokuqala.
Umholi wezokuvikela
Ekuvikelweni kweqembu, umdlali ongemuva omaphakathi uthathwa “njenge-quarterback of the defense” futhi uvamise ukuba ngumholi ozivikelayo, njengoba kufanele ahlakaniphe njengoba engumsubathi. Umugqa ongemuva ophakathi (MLB), ngezinye izikhathi owaziwa ngokuthi "uMike," nguyena kuphela ongemuva ongaphakathi ohlelweni lwe-4-3.
I-Quarterback Eyisipele: Incazelo emfushane
I-Quarterback Eyisipele: Incazelo emfushane
Uma ucabanga ngezikhundla ebholeni le-gridiron, i-quarterback eyisipele ithola isikhathi esincane kakhulu sokudlala kunesiqalisi. Ngenkathi abadlali abakwezinye izindawo eziningi bezungeza njalo phakathi kwegeyimu, ikota yokuqala ivamise ukuhlala enkundleni kuyo yonke igeyimu ukuze inikeze ubuholi obufanayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho nesipele sokuqala singahamba isizini yonke ngaphandle kokuhlaselwa okunengqondo. Nakuba indima yabo eyinhloko kufanele itholakale uma kwenzeka ukulimala komqali, i-quarterback eyisipele ingase ibe nezinye izindima, njengomphathi wokukhahlela endaweni noma njengomdlali we-punter, futhi ngokuvamile udlala indima ebalulekile ekuqeqesheni, naye. ukuba yimbangi ezayo ngesikhathi sokuzivivinya kweviki eledlule.
I-Two-Quarterback System
Ingxabano ye-quarterback ivela lapho iqembu linabadlali ababili abanekhono abaqhudelana ngesikhundla sokuqala. Isibonelo, umqeqeshi we-Dallas Cowboys u-Tom Landry washintshanisa u-Roger Staubach no-Craig Morton ecaleni ngalinye, ethumela ama-quarterback ngocingo olucasulayo oluvela eceleni; U-Morton waqala ku-Super Bowl V, iqembu lakhe elahlulwa, kwathi u-Staubach waqala futhi wawina i-Super Bowl VI ngonyaka olandelayo. Nakuba u-Morton edlale ingxenye enkulu yesizini ye-1972 ngenxa yokulimala kuka-Staubach, u-Staubach wabuyisela umsebenzi wokuqala njengoba ehola i-Cowboys ekunqobeni okuphindaphindiwe futhi uMorton wadayiswa kamuva; UStaubach noMorton babhekane kuSuper Bowl XII.
Amaqembu avame ukuletha i-quarterback ekwazi ukwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni ngokusalungiswa noma ngohwebo, njengokuncintisana noma ongase athathe isikhundla esingasongela i-quarterback yokuqala (bona uhlelo lwamakota amabili ngezansi). Isibonelo, uDrew Brees waqala umsebenzi wakhe ngeSan Diego Charger, kodwa iqembu laphinde lathatha uPhilip Rivers; naphezu kokuthi u-Brees ekuqaleni egcina umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala futhi enguMdlali Wokubuya Wonyaka, akazange asayinwe kabusha ngenxa yokulimala futhi wajoyina i-New Orleans Saints njenge-ejenti yamahhala. UBrees no-Rivers bobabili bathatha umhlalaphansi ngo-2021, ngalinye lisebenza njengabaqalisi be-Saints and Charger, ngokulandelana, isikhathi esingaphezu kweshumi leminyaka. U-Aaron Rodgers wabhalwa yiGreen Bay Packers njengomlandeli kaBrett Favre wesikhathi esizayo, nakuba u-Rodgers esebenze njengesipele iminyaka embalwa ukuze athuthuke ngokwanele ukuze iqembu limnike umsebenzi wokuqala; URodgers ngokwakhe wayezobhekana nesimo esifanayo ngo-2020 lapho abakwaPackers bekhetha i-quarterback Jordan Love. Ngokunjalo, uPatrick Mahomes uqokwe yiKansas City Chiefs ukuthi agcine ethathe indawo ka-Alex Smith, lona ozimisele ngokusebenza njengomeluleki.
Ukuguquguquka kwe-quarterback
Umdlali oguquguquka kakhulu enkundleni
Amaquarterbacks ngabadlali abashintshashintsha kakhulu enkundleni. Abagcini ngokuphonsa amaphasi, kodwa baphinde bahole iqembu, bashintshe imidlalo, benze izinto ezizwakalayo, badlale izindawo ezahlukene.
Umbambi
Amaqembu amaningi asebenzisa i-quarterback eyisipele njengombambi endaweni yokukhahlela. Lokhu kunenzuzo yokuthi kulula ukwenza igoli lenkundla mbumbulu, kodwa abaqeqeshi abaningi bakhetha ama-punters njengabaphathi ngoba banesikhathi esiningi sokuzilolonga nomkhahleli.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-Wildcat
Ekubunjweni kwe-Wildcat, lapho i-halfback ingemuva kwesikhungo futhi i-quarterback ingekho emugqeni, i-quarterback ingasetshenziswa njengethagethi eyamukelayo noma i-blocker.
Ukukhahlela okusheshayo
Iqhaza elingajwayelekile le-quarterback ukushaya ibhola yena, umdlalo owaziwa ngokuthi ukukhahlela okusheshayo. I-quarterback kaDenver Broncos uJohn Elway wenze lokhu ngezikhathi ezithile, imvamisa lapho iBroncos ihlangabezana nesimo sesithathu neside. U-Randall Cunningham, umpetha wasekolishi we-All-America, naye wayaziwa ngokushaya ibhola ngezikhathi ezithile futhi wayeqokwa njengomdlali ozenzakalelayo ezimweni ezithile.
UDanny White
Usekela uRoger Staubach, i-quarterback ye-Dallas Cowboys uDanny White naye wayengumdlali weqembu, evulela amathuba amaqhinga omqeqeshi uTom Landry. Ethatha indima yokuqala ngemuva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi kukaStaubach, uWhite ubambe isikhundla sakhe njengomdlali weqembu amasizini ambalwa—umsebenzi okabili awenza ezingeni le-All-American e-Arizona State University. U-White uphinde waba nokwamukela okubili kokuthinta phansi njenge-Dallas Cowboy, kokubili kusukela kunketho ye-halfback.
Okuzwakalayo
Uma ama-quarterbacks engakhululekile ngendlela ukuvikela okusebenzisa ngayo, angabiza ushintsho oluzwakalayo kugeyimu yabo. Isibonelo, uma umdlali wasemuva eyalwe ukuthi enze umdlalo ogijimayo kodwa ezwa ukuthi ukuzivikela kulungele ukuqhuma, i-quarterback ingase ifune ukuthi umdlalo ushintshwe. Ukwenza lokhu, umdlali wasemuva umemeza ikhodi ekhethekile, njengokuthi "Blue 42" noma "Texas 29," etshela icala ukuthi lishintshele emdlalweni othize noma ukwakheka.
spike
Ama-quarterbacks angakwazi futhi "ukuphonsa" (ukuphonsa ibhola phansi) ukumisa isikhathi esisemthethweni. Isibonelo, uma iqembu lingemuva kwegoli lenkundla futhi sekusele amasekhondi kuphela, i-quarterback ingakwazi ukuphehla ibhola ukuze igweme ukuphelelwa isikhathi sokudlala. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuvumela iqembu lamagoli enkundla ukuthi lingene enkundleni noma lizame ukudlula kokugcina kuka-Hail Mary.
Ama-quarterbacks wokusongela kabili
I-quarter-threat quarterback inamakhono nomzimba wokugijima nebhola uma kudingeka. Ngokuvela kwezikimu ezimbalwa zokuvikela i-blitz-heavy kanye nabavikeli abakhula ngokushesha, ukubaluleka kwe-quarterback yeselula kuye kwachazwa kabusha. Nakuba amandla engalo, ukunemba, kanye nokuba khona ephaketheni—ikhono lokusebenza ngempumelelo “ephaketheni” elakhiwe abavimbeli bakhe—kusengamandla abalulekile e-quarterback, ikhono lokubalekela noma ukugijima kubavikeli linikeza ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe ekudluleni. - kanye nomdlalo wokugijima iqembu.
Ama-quarterback ayingozi ekabili ngokomlando aye anda kakhulu ezingeni lasekolishi. Ngokuvamile, i-quarterback enejubane eliyingqayizivele isetshenziswa ekukhetheni icala, okuvumela i-quarterback ukuthi idlulise ibhola, azigijimele yena, noma aphonse ibhola kumdlali ogijimayo obafihlayo. Lolu hlobo lobugebengu luphoqa abavikeli ukuthi bazibophezele ekugijimeni emuva phakathi nendawo, i-quarterback eduze nohlangothi, noma abagijima emuva belandela ikota. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho umdlali wasemuva ethola khona "inketho" yokuphonsa, ukugijima, noma ukuphasisa ibhola.
Umlando we-Quarterback
Iqale kanjani
Isikhundla se-quarterback siqala emuva engxenyeni yakamuva yekhulu le-19, lapho izikole ze-American Ivy League ziqala ukudlala uhlobo lwenyunyana yebhola lombhoxo e-United Kingdom nge-twist yazo kulo mdlalo. UWalter Camp, umsubathi owaziwayo kanye nomdlali webhola lombhoxo eYale University, waphokophela ukuthi kushintshwe umthetho emhlanganweni wango-1880 owasungula umugqa wokugxeka futhi wavumela ibhola ukuthi lidutshulwe ku-quarterback. Lolu shintsho benzelwe ukuvumela amaqembu ukuthi enze amasu emidlalo yawo ngokucophelela futhi agcine ukuphatha ibhola kangcono kunalokho obekwenzeka esiphithiphithini sesikram embhoxweni.
Izinguquko
Ekwakhekeni kweCamp, “umdlali wasemuva” nguyena othole ishodi yebhola ngonyawo lomunye umdlali. Ekuqaleni, wayengavunyelwe ukudlula umugqa wokugwetshwa. Esimeni sokuqala senkathi yeCamp, bekunezikhundla ezine "emuva", ne-tailback ekude kakhulu emuva, ilandelwa i-fullback, i-halfback, ne-quarterback eseduze kakhulu nomugqa. Njengoba i-quarterback yayingavunyelwe ukugijima ngaphesheya komugqa wokubhala, futhi iphasi eliya phambili lalingakasungulwa, indima yabo enkulu kwakuwukuthola i-snap kusuka enkabeni futhi ngokushesha emuva noma ukuphonsa ibhola emuva noma u-halfback ukuze bahambe. .
Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo
Ukukhula kwephasi eliya phambili kwashintsha indima ye-quarterback futhi. I-quarterback kamuva yabuyiselwa endimeni yakhe njengomamukeli oyinhloko we-snap ngemuva kokuvela kwecala lokwakhiwa kwe-T, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwempumelelo yalowo owayengumdlali wasemuva wephiko elilodwa, futhi kamuva ne-T-formation quarterback, uSammy Baugh. Isibopho sokuhlala ngemuva komugqa we-scrimmage saphinde safakwa ebholeni labadlali abayisithupha.
Ukushintsha umdlalo
Ukushintshisana phakathi kwanoma ubani odubule ibhola (imvamisa ephakathi nendawo) kanye ne-quarterback bekuyinto exakile ngoba bekuhilela ukukhahlelwa. Ekuqaleni, izikhungo zanikeza ibhola ukukhahlela okuncane, wabe eselithatha walidlulisela ku-quarterback. Ngo-1889, isikhungo se-Yale uBert Hanson waqala ukuphatha ibhola phansi kuya ku-quarterback phakathi kwemilenze yakhe. Ngonyaka olandelayo, ukuguqulwa komthetho kwenziwa ngokusemthethweni ukwenza ukudubula ibhola ngezandla phakathi kwemilenze kube semthethweni.
Khona-ke amaqembu anganquma ukuthi iyiphi imidlalo azoyigijima ngokushesha. Ekuqaleni, okaputeni bamaqembu ekolishi babejutshwe ukuthi bashayele imidlalo, basayine ngekhodi ememezayo ukuthi yibaphi abadlali abazogijima nebhola nokuthi amadoda asemgqeni kufanele avimbe kanjani. Kamuva u-Yale wasebenzisa izindlela ezibonwayo, okuhlanganisa nokulungiswa kwekepisi likakaputeni, ukuze abize imidlalo. Ama-Centers angaphinda asayine imidlalo esekelwe ekumisweni kwebhola ngaphambi kwe-snap. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1888, iPrinceton University yaqala ukubiza imidlalo ngezimpawu zezinombolo. Lolo hlelo lwabamba futhi ama-quarterbacks aqala ukusebenza njengabaqondisi nabahleli becala.
Umehluko
I-Quarterback Vs Ukugijima Emuva
I-quarterback ingumholi weqembu futhi inesibopho sokugijima imidlalo. Kumele akwazi ukuphosa ibhola ngamandla nangokunemba. Ukugijima emuva, owaziwa nangokuthi i-halfback, i-all-rounder. Uma ngemuva noma eduze kwe-quarterback futhi akwenze konke: gijima, ukubamba, ukuvimba futhi uphonsa i-pass ngezikhathi ezithile. I-quarterback iyi-linchpin yeqembu futhi kufanele ikwazi ukuphonsa ibhola ngamandla nangokunemba. Ukubuyela emuva kuwukuguquguquka kwephakheji. Uma ngemuva noma eduze kwe-quarterback futhi akwenze konke: gijima, ukubamba, ukuvimba futhi uphonsa i-pass ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngamafuphi, i-quarterback iyi-linchpin yeqembu, kodwa ukugijima emuva yiyona yonke into!
I-Quarterback Vs Cornerback
I-quarterback ingumholi weqembu. Unomthwalo wemfanelo wokwenza imidlalo nokuqondisa lonke iqembu. Kufanele aphonse ibhola kubamukeli kanye nabagijima emuva, futhi kufanele futhi abheke ukuzivikela okuphikisayo.
Ongemuva ungumvikeli onesibopho sokuvikela abamukeli bombangi. Kufanele athathe ibhola uma i-quarterback iliphonsa kowamukelayo, futhi kufanele abambe emuva abagijimayo. Kumelwe aqaphe futhi akwazi ukusabela ngokushesha ukuze amise ukuhlasela komphikisi.
Isiphetho
Iyini i-quarterback ku-American Football? Omunye wabadlali ababaluleke kakhulu eqenjini, umdlali odlalayo, owenza umugqa wokuhlasela futhi enze amaphasi anqumayo aye kubamukeli ababanzi kanye nabagijima emuva.
Kodwa baningi nabanye abadlali ababalulekile eqenjini. Njengabagijima emuva abaphethe ibhola nabamukela kabanzi abamukela amaphasi.
