Kuyintokozo enkulu ukuthi ngikubhalele laba bafundi lezi zihloko, wena. Angiyamukeli inkokhelo yokubhala izibuyekezo, umbono wami ngemikhiqizo ungowami, kepha uma uthola izincomo zami zilusizo futhi ugcina uthenga okuthile ngesixhumanisi esisodwa engingathola ikhomishini kulokho. Ulwazi oluningi
In Ibhola laseMelika kunabadlali abayi-11 eqenjini ngalinye 'kwigridiron' (inkundla yokudlala) ngesikhathi esisodwa. Umdlalo uvumela inani elingenamkhawulo lokushintshwa, futhi kukhona izindima ezimbalwa enkundleni. Ukuma kwabadlali kuncike ekutheni iqembu lidlala ekuhlaseleni noma ekuvikeleni.
Iqembu lebhola lezinyawo laseMelika lihlukaniswe laba yizoni, ezokuvikela kanye namaqembu akhethekile. Kula maqembu kunezikhala zabadlali ezahlukene okumele zigcwaliswe, njengokuthi quarterback, unogada, gibela kanye ukubuyela emuva.
Kulesi sihloko ungafunda konke mayelana nezikhundla ezahlukene ekuhlaselweni, ukuzivikela kanye namaqembu akhethekile.
Iqembu elihlaselayo yilo eliphethe ibhola kanti abasemuva bazama ukuvimbela umhlaseli ukuthi ashaye igoli.
Ibhola laseMelika liwumdlalo onamaqhinga futhi okhaliphile, futhi ukuqaphela izindima ezihlukene enkundleni kubalulekile ukuqonda umdlalo.
Yiziphi izikhundla ezihlukene, abadlali babekwe kuphi futhi iyini imisebenzi kanye nezibopho zabo?
Ufuna ukwazi ukuthi abadlali be-AF bagqokani? Lapha ngichaza amagiya nezingubo ezigcwele zebhola lezinyawo laseMelika
Lokho esixoxa ngakho kulokhu okuthunyelwe okuphelele:
Icala lini?
'Icala' yiqembu elihlaselayo. Iyunithi ehlaselayo iqukethe i-quarterback, ehlaselayo abenzi bemilingo, iqolo, iziphetho eziqinile kanye nabamukeli.
Yiqembu eliqala ukuphatha ibhola kusukela emugqeni wokukrwela (umugqa owucabangayo omaka indawo yebhola ekuqaleni kokushona ngakunye).
Umgomo weqembu elihlaselayo uwukuthola amaphuzu amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Iqembu lokuqala
Umdlalo uvamise ukuqala lapho umdlali wasemuva ethola ibhola ngokushesha (edlulisela ibhola emuva ekuqaleni komdlalo) ukusuka enkabeni bese edlulisela ibhola ku-ukubuyela emuva', uphonsa 'kumamukeli', noma ugijima nebhola wena.
Umgomo omkhulu uwukuthola ama-'touchdowns' (TDs) amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba yilawo athola amaphuzu amaningi.
Enye indlela iqembu elihlaselayo elingathola ngayo amaphuzu iwukuba igoli lenkundla.
'Iyunithi ehlaselayo'
Ulayini ohlaselayo uqukethe isikhungo, onogada ababili, ama-tackle amabili kanye nemikhawulo eyodwa noma emibili eqinile.
Umsebenzi wabadlali be-linemen abahlaselayo ukuvimba nokuvimbela iqembu eliphikisayo/ukuzivikela ekubhekaneni ne-quarterback (owaziwa ngokuthi "isaka") noma ukwenza angakwazi ukuphonsa ibhola.
"Ama-backs" "ama-running back" (noma "ama-tailbacks") avame ukuthwala ibhola, kanye "nomhlane ogcwele" ovamise ukuvimba ukugijima futhi ngezikhathi ezithile aliphathele ibhola ngokwakhe noma othola ukudlula.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko weizamukeli ezibanzi' ubamba amaphasi bese eletha ibhola ngangokunokwenzeka, noma mhlawumbe ngisho 'endaweni yokugcina'.
Abamukeli abafanelekile
Kubadlali abayisikhombisa (noma ngaphezulu) abakleliswe emugqeni we-scrimmage, yilabo kuphela abafakwe ekugcineni komugqa abangagijima baye enkundleni futhi bathole ukudlula (laba ngabamukeli 'abafanelekayo') ..
Uma iqembu linabadlali abangaphansi kwesikhombisa emgqeni wokukrwempa, kuzoholela esijezisweni (ngenxa 'yokwakheka okungekho emthethweni').
Ukwakheka kokuhlasela nokuthi kusebenza kanjani kahle kunqunywa ifilosofi ecasulayo yomqeqeshi oyinhloko noma 'umxhumanisi ohlaselayo'.
Izikhundla ezihlaselayo zichazwe
Esigabeni esilandelayo, ngizoxoxa ngezikhundla ezihlaselayo ngamunye ngamunye.
I-Quarterback
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyavuma noma cha, i-quarterback ingumdlali obaluleke kakhulu enkundleni yebhola.
Ungumholi weqembu, unquma imidlalo futhi awumise umdlalo.
Umsebenzi wakhe ukuhola ukuhlasela, ukudlulisela iqhinga kwabanye abadlali kanye ukuphonsa ibhola, nika omunye umdlali, noma ugijime nebhola wena.
I-quarterback kufanele ikwazi ukuphonsa ibhola ngamandla nangokunemba. Udinga ukwazi kahle ukuthi umdlali ngamunye uzobe ekuphi ngesikhathi somdlalo.
I-quarterback izibeka ngemuva kwesikhungo ngendlela 'ephakathi nendawo', lapho ime khona ngqo ngemuva kwesikhungo bese ithatha ibhola, noma idlule kancane 'ngesibhamu' noma 'i-pistol formation', lapho isikhungo sishaya khona ibhola. 'afike' kuye.
Isibonelo se-quarterback edumile, yiqiniso, uTom Brady, okungenzeka uzwile ngaye.
Centre
Naso lesi sikhungo sineqhaza elibalulekile njengoba kumele aqale aqinisekise ukuthi ibhola liphelela ngendlela efanele ezandleni zomdlali wasemuva.
Isikhungo, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, siyingxenye yomugqa wokuhlasela futhi umsebenzi waso ukuvimba izimbangi.
Kuphinde kube ngumdlali oletha ibhola ekudlaleni 'ngokuphazima kweso' ku-quarterback.
Isikhungo, kanye nawo wonke umugqa ohlaselayo, sifuna ukuvimbela isitha ukuthi singasondeli ku-quarterback yabo ukuze sibhekane noma sivimbe iphasi.
Guard
Kukhona onogada ababili (abahlaselayo) eqenjini elihlaselayo. Onogada baqonde nhlangothi zombili zesikhungo kanye nezinsimbi ezimbili ngakolunye uhlangothi.
Njengesikhungo nje, onogada bangaba 'base-linemen abahlaselayo' futhi umsebenzi wabo ukuvimba nokudala izimbobo (izimbobo) zeqolo labo eligijimayo.
Onogada bathathwa ngokuzenzakalela njengabamukeli 'abangafaneleki' okusho ukuthi akufanele babambe ngenhloso iphasi eliya phambili ngaphandle uma kuwukulungisa 'iphutha' noma ibhola lithintwe okokuqala ngumdlali wasemuva noma umamukeli 'ogunyaziwe' .
Ukuphuthaza kwenzeka lapho umdlali ophethe ibhola elahlekelwa ibhola ngaphambi kokuthi liwiswe, athole ukuthintwa, noma ephumela ngaphandle kwemigqa yenkundla.
Ukuhlasela okuhlaselayo
Ukuwisa okuhlaselayo kudlala nhlangothi zombili zonogada.
Ku-quarterback engakwesokudla, i-tackle yesokunxele inesibopho sokuvikela i-blindside, futhi ivamise ukushesha kunabanye abalayini abahlaselayo ukumisa iziphetho zokuzivikela.
Ukuwisa okuhlaselayo futhi kuyingxenye 'yeqembu labalindi abahlaselayo' ngakho-ke umsebenzi wabo ukuvimba.
Indawo ukusuka ku-tackle eyodwa ukuya kwenye ibizwa ngokuthi indawo 'yokudlala umugqa oseduze' lapho amabhulokhi athile ngemuva, angavunyelwe kwenye indawo enkundleni, avunyelwe.
Uma kunomugqa ongalingani (lapho lingekho inani elifanayo labadlali abakleliswe nhlangothi zombili zesikhungo), onogada noma ama-tackle nawo angakleliswa eduze komunye nomunye.
Njengoba kuchaziwe esigabeni sonogada, abalindi abahlaselayo abavunyelwe ukubamba noma ukugijima nebhola ezikhathini eziningi.
Kuphela uma kukhona iphutha noma uma ibhola liqale lathintwa umamukeli noma umdlali ovikelayo u-lineman ohlaselayo anganqaka ibhola.
Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-linemen ehlaselayo ingabamba ngokusemthethweni amaphasi aqondile; bangakwenza lokhu ngokubhalisa njengomamukeli ogunyaziwe nge unompempe webhola lezinyawo (noma unompempe) ngaphambi komdlalo.
Noma yikuphi okunye ukuthinta noma ukunqaka ibhola u-lineman ohlaselayo uzojeziswa.
Kuphelile
De ukuphela okuqinile iyingxube phakathi komamukeli kanye nolayini ohlaselayo.
Ngokujwayelekile lo mdlali uma eduze kwe-LT (i-tackle kwesokunxele) noma i-RT (i-tackle kwesokudla) noma "angathola impumuzo" emgqeni wokudweba njengomamukeli obanzi.
Imisebenzi ye-tight end ihlanganisa ukuvimba i-quarterback kanye nama-running back, kodwa futhi uyakwazi ukugijima futhi abambe amaphasi.
Iziphetho eziqinile zingabamba njengomamukeli, kodwa zibe namandla nokuma kokubusa emugqeni.
Iziphetho eziqinile zincane ngobude kunabadlali be-linemen abahlaselayo kodwa bade kunabanye abadlali bebhola bendabuko.
Umamukeli obanzi
Abamukeli ababanzi (WR) baziwa kakhulu njengababambeli bamapasi. Bashaya ujenga ngaphandle kwenkundla, kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla.
Umsebenzi wabo ukugijima 'imizila' ukuze bagqashule, bathole iphasi elivela ku-QB futhi bagijime nebhola baye phezulu enkundleni ngangokunokwenzeka.
Endabeni yomdlalo wokugijima (lapho ogijima emuva egijima nebhola), kuvame ukuba umsebenzi wabamukeli ukuvimba.
Isethi yamakhono yabamukeli ababanzi ngokuvamile iqukethe isivinini nokuxhumana okuqinile kwesandla neso.
De kwesokudla amagilavu owamukela ububanzi ukusiza lezi zinhlobo zabadlali ukuthi zibambe ngokwanele ibhola futhi zibalulekile uma kuziwa ekwenzeni imidlalo emikhulu.
Amaqembu asebenzisa izamukeli ezibanzi ezimbili ukuya kwezine kumdlalo ngamunye. Kanye nama-cornerbacks avikelayo, abemukeli ababanzi bavame ukuba abafana abashesha kakhulu enkundleni.
Kumele basheshise futhi basheshe banyakazise abadlali basemuva bezama ukubavala futhi bakwazi ukubamba ibhola ngendlela ethembekile.
Abanye abemukeli ababanzi bangasebenza futhi 'njengephoyinti' noma 'umbuyiseli wokukhahlela' (ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nalezi zikhundla ngezansi).
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezamukeli ezibanzi (WR): i-wideout kanye nesamukeli se-slot. Umgomo oyinhloko wabo bobabili abamukeli ukubamba amabhola (nokushaya ama-touchdowns).
Zingahluka ngobude, kodwa ngokujwayelekile zonke ziyashesha.
Isamukeli se-slot ngokuvamile siyi-WR encane, esheshayo ekwazi ukubamba kahle. Abekwe phakathi kwama-wideouts kanye nomugqa ohlaselayo noma isiphetho esiqinile.
Iyabuyela emuva
Eyaziwa nangokuthi 'i-halfback'. Lo mdlali angakwenza konke. Uzibeka ngemuva noma eduze kwe-quarterback.
Uyagijima, alibambe, alivimbe futhi uzoliphonsa ngisho nebhola njalo. Ukugijima emuva (RB) kuvame ukuba ngumdlali osheshayo futhi akesabi ukuthintana ngokomzimba.
Ezimweni eziningi, umdlali ogijima emuva uthola ibhola elivela ku-QB, futhi kuwumsebenzi wakhe ukugijima ibanga elide ngaphesheya kwenkundla.
Angakwazi nokubamba ibhola njenge-WR, kodwa lokho kuyinto yesibili ehamba phambili.
Ama-running back afika ngawo wonke 'amamo nosayizi'. Kunemihlane emikhulu, eqinile, noma emincane, iqolo elisheshayo.
Kungaba nama-RB aziro kuye kwamathathu enkundleni kunoma yimuphi umdlalo othile, kodwa ngokuvamile iba munye noma emibili.
Ngokuvamile, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokugijima emuva; uhhafu emuva, nomhlane ogcwele.
isigamu emuva
Ama-half backs angcono kakhulu (HB) anenhlanganisela yamandla nesivinini, futhi abaluleke kakhulu emaqenjini awo.
I-half back iwuhlobo olujwayeleke kakhulu lokubuyela emuva.
Umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko ukugijima akhuphuke nenkundla nebhola ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa kufanele futhi akwazi ukunqaka ibhola uma kunesidingo.
Abanye ohafu basemuva bancane futhi bayashesha futhi bayavika izimbangi zabo, abanye bakhulu futhi banamandla futhi bagijima phezu kwabavikeli esikhundleni sokubazungezile.
Ngenxa yokuthi isigamu neqolo bathola ukuxhumana okuningi ngokomzimba enkundleni, umsebenzi ojwayelekile we-half back back ngeshwa uvame ukuba mfushane kakhulu.
Ukubuya okugcwele
Ingemuva eligcwele livamise ukuba yinguqulo ethize futhi eqinile ye-RB, futhi ebholeni lanamuhla ngokuvamile kuvame ukuba yi-lead blocker.
Ingemuva eligcwele ngumdlali onesibopho sokuvula indlela yokugijima emuva nokuvikela ikota.
Amaqolo agcwele ngokuvamile abagibeli abahle abanamandla akhethekile. I-avareji egcwele emuva inkulu futhi inamandla.
Umdlali wasemuva ubengumdlali obalulekile ophethe amabhola, kodwa namuhla uhafu emuva uthola ibhola kuma-run amaningi kanti ongemuva nguyena ovula indlela.
Ingemuva eligcwele libuye libizwe ngokuthi 'i-blocking back'.
Amanye amafomu/imibandela yokubuyela emuva
Amanye amagama asetshenziswa ukuchaza abagijima emuva kanye nemisebenzi yabo i-Tailback, i-H-Back kanye ne-Wingback/Slotback.
I-Tail Back (TB)
Ogijima emuva, ngokuvamile oyi-halfback, ozimisa ngemuva kwe-'I formation' (igama lesakhiwo esithile) kunokuba eduze kwakhe.
H-Emuva
Akufanele kudidaniswe ne-half back. A H-emuva ungumdlali othi, ngokungafani nendawo eqinile, azibeke ngemuva nje komugqa wokuklwebha.
Isiphetho esiqinile sisemgqeni. Ngokujwayelekile yi-back full noma i-tight edlala indawo ka-H-back.
Ngenxa yokuthi umdlali uzibeka ngemuva komugqa wokuklwebha, ubalwa njengomunye 'wabadlali basemuva'. Nokho, ngokuvamile, indima yakhe iyafana neyezinye iziphetho eziqinile.
I-Wingback (WB) / Slotback
I-wingback noma i-slotback i-back back ozimisa ngemuva komugqa we-scrimmage eduze kwe-tackle noma ekugcineni okuqinile.
Amaqembu angashintsha inani labamukeli ababanzi, iziphetho eziqinile kanye nama-back back enkundleni. Nokho, kunemikhawulo ethile ekwakhekeni kokuhlasela.
Isibonelo, kufanele okungenani kube nabadlali abayisikhombisa emugqeni wokudweba, futhi ngabadlali ababili kuphela ekugcineni ngamunye abafanelekile ukwenza amaphasi.
Kwesinye isikhathi abalindi abahlaselayo bangakwazi 'ukuzimemezela ukuthi bagunyaziwe' futhi bavunyelwe ukubamba ibhola ezimweni ezinjalo.
Hhayi ngokwezikhundla kuphela Ibhola laseMelika lihlukile kumbhoxo, funda kabanzi lapha
Kuyini ukuzivikela?
Ukuzivikela yiqembu elidlala ekuvikeleni futhi umdlalo ngokumelene necala uqala emgqeni wokuhlambalaza. Ngakho-ke leli qembu alinalo ibhola.
Umgomo weqembu elivikelayo uwukuvimbela elinye iqembu (elihlaselayo) ekushayeni igoli.
Ukuzivikela kuqukethe iziphetho zokuzivikela, ama-tackle okuzivikela, ama-linebackers, amakhona kanye nezokuphepha.
Umgomo weqembu elivikelayo ufinyelelwa lapho ithimba elihlaselayo selifinyelele phansi endaweni yesi-4, futhi alikwazanga ukushaya okuthintwa noma amanye amaphuzu.
Ngokungafani neqembu elihlaselayo, azikho izindawo zokuzivikela ezichazwe ngokusemthethweni. Umdlali ovikelayo angazimisa noma yikuphi ohlangothini lwakhe lomugqa wokugxeka futhi athathe noma yiziphi izinyathelo zomthetho.
Uhlu oluningi olusetshenziswayo luhlanganisa iziphetho ezivikelayo kanye nezinto ezivikelayo emgqeni futhi ngemuva kwalo mugqa kukhona abangemuva, abangemuva kanye nezokuphepha ezihleliwe.
Iziphetho ezivikelayo kanye nokulwiswa kwazo kubizwa ngokuhlanganyela ngokuthi "umugqa wokuzivikela," kuyilapho amakhona nokuphepha kuhlangene kubizwa ngokuthi "i-secondary" noma "i-defensive backs."
Isiphetho sokuzivikela (DE)
Njengoba kunomugqa wokuhlasela, kukhona nomugqa wokuvikela.
Iziphetho zokuzivikela, kanye ne-tackles, ziyingxenye yomugqa wokuzivikela. Umugqa wokuvikela kanye nomugqa ohlaselayo ufika ekuqaleni komdlalo ngamunye.
Ukuzivikela okubili kuqeda umdlalo ngamunye ekugcineni komugqa wokuvikela.
Umsebenzi wabo ukuhlasela odlulayo (imvamisa i-quarterback) noma ukumisa imigijimo ehlaselayo iye emaphethelweni angaphandle omugqa we-scrimmage (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukugcina").
Ukushesha kwalokhu okubili kuvame ukubekwa ngakwesokudla ngoba lokho kuwuhlangothi oluyimpumputhe lwekota emuva kwesokudla.
I-Defensive tackle (DT)
'ukuzivikela' kwesinye isikhathi kubhekiselwa kuye ngokuthi 'unogada ovikelayo'.
Ukubhekana nokuzivikela kukhona abalayini abakleliswe phakathi kweziphetho zokuzivikela.
Umsebenzi we-DTs ukujaha umuntu odlulayo (ugijime ubheke ku-quarterback ngomzamo wokumisa noma ukulwa naye) nokuyeka ukudlala imidlalo.
Ukuwisa okuvikelayo okuphambi kwebhola ngqo (okungukuthi, cishe ikhala ukuya ekhaleni phakathi nendawo yecala) kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ikhala' noma 'isivikelo sekhala'.
I-nose tackle ivame kakhulu ekuvikelweni kwe-3-4 (3-linemen, 4 linebackers, i-4 defensive backs) kanye ne-quarter defense (3 linemen, 1 linebacker, 7 back defensive backs).
Iningi labadlali abavikelayo linokuzivikela okukodwa noma okubili. Kwesinye isikhathi, kodwa akuvamile, iqembu liba nama-tackout amathathu okuvikela enkundleni.
Umugqa wasemuva (LB)
Iningi labadlali abavikelayo banabadlali basemuva ababili nabane.
Ama-linebackers ngokuvamile ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo ezintathu: i-strongside (I-Left- noma Right-Outside Linebacker: LOLB noma ROLB); phakathi (MLB); kanye ne- weakside (LOLB noma i-ROLB).
Abadlali basemuva badlala ngemuva komugqa wokuzivikela futhi benza imisebenzi eyahlukene kuye ngesimo, njengokujaha umuntu odlulayo, ukumboza abamukeli, nokuvikela umdlalo ogijimayo.
Umdlali wasemuva oqinile ngokuvamile ubhekana nesiphetho esiqinile somhlaseli.
Uvame ukuba yi-LB enamandla kunawo wonke njengoba kufanele akwazi ukunyakazisa abavimbeli abahamba phambili ngokushesha ukuze abhekane nokugijima emuva.
Umdlali ongemuva ophakathi nendawo kufanele ahlonze kahle uhlu lweqembu elihlaselayo futhi anqume ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko okufanele zenziwe yibo bonke abavikeli.
Yingakho umugqa ophakathi nendawo owaziwa nangokuthi "i-quarterback yokuvikela."
I-linebacker ebuthakathaka ivame ukuba yi-linebacker egijima kakhulu noma esheshayo ngoba ngokuvamile kufanele avikele insimu evulekile.
Ikhona Emuva (CB)
Amakhona ajwayele ukuba mfishane ngobude, kodwa ayawenza ngejubane namasu awo.
Amakhona amakhona (aphinde abizwe ngokuthi 'amakhona') abadlali abavala kakhulu izamukeli ezibanzi.
Ama-Cornerbacks aphinde azame ukuvimba ama-quarterback ama-quarterback ngokuthi ashaye ibhola kude nowamukelayo noma azibambele mathupha (ukunqamula).
Ikakhulukazi banomthwalo wemfanelo wokuphazamisa nokuvikela imidlalo yokudlula (ngaleyo ndlela bavimbe i-quarterback ukuthi angaphonsa ibhola komunye wabamukeli bakhe) kunasemidlalweni yokugijima (lapho ogijima emuva egijima nebhola).
Isikhundla sekhoneni sidinga isivinini namandla.
Umdlali kufanele akwazi ukulindela i-quarterback futhi abe nokuhlehla kahle emuva (i-back pedaling ukunyakaza okugijima lapho umdlali egijima ehlehla futhi agcine egqolozele ikota kanye nabamukeli abese esabela ngokushesha) kanye nokubhekana.
Ukuphepha (FS noma SS)
Okokugcina, kukhona ukuphepha okubili: ukuphepha kwamahhala (FS) nokuphepha okuqinile (SS).
Izokuphepha ziwumugqa wokugcina wokuzivikela (okukude kakhulu nomugqa we-scrimmage) futhi ngokuvamile zisiza amakhona ukuvikela ukudlula.
Ukuphepha okuqinile kuvamise ukuba kukhulu futhi kuqine kokubili, kunikeze ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe emidlalweni egijimayo ngokuma endaweni ethile phakathi kokuphepha kwamahhala kanye nomugqa wokudweba.
Ukuphepha kwamahhala kuvame ukuba kuncane futhi kuyashesha futhi kunikeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe.
Ayini Amaqembu Akhethekile?
Amaqembu akhethekile amayunithi asenkundleni ngesikhathi sokukhahlela, ama-free kick, ama-punts nemizamo yamagoli enkundla, kanye namaphuzu engeziwe.
Abadlali abaningi bamaqembu akhethekile nabo banecala kanye/noma indima yokuvikela. Kodwa bakhona nabadlali abadlala emaqenjini ayisipesheli kuphela.
Amaqembu akhethekile afaka:
- iqembu lokuqala
- iqembu elibuyayo lokuqala
- iqembu lokuhlaba izinqindi
- iqembu elilodwa elivimba/elibuyisela emuva
- iqembu lamagoli enkundla
- iqembu elivimba igoli lenkundla
Amaqembu akhethekile ahlukile ngoba angasebenza njengamayunithi ahlaselayo noma avikelayo futhi abonakala ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela phakathi nomdlalo.
Izici zamaqembu akhethekile zingahluka kakhulu emdlalweni ojwayelekile wokuhlasela nokuvikela, ngakho iqembu elithile labadlali liyaqeqeshelwa ukwenza le misebenzi.
Nakuba emancane amaphuzu atholwe emaqenjini akhethekile kunasekushayweni, ukudlala kwamaqembu akhethekile kunquma ukuthi ukuhlasela ngakunye kuzoqala kuphi, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuba nomthelela omkhulu ekutheni kulula noma kunzima kangakanani kumhlaseli ukushaya igoli.
Ukuqalisa
Ukukhahlela, noma ukukhahlela, kuyindlela yokuqala umdlalo ebholeni.
Isici sokukhahlela ukuthi iqembu elilodwa - 'iqembu elikhahlelayo' - likhahlela ibhola eliya komele elimelene naye - 'iqembu elamukelayo'.
Iqembu elamukelayo libe selinelungelo lokubuyisela ibhola, okungukuthi, lizame ukuthola ibhola ngangokunokwenzeka endaweni yokugcina yeqembu elikhahlelayo (noma lithole ukuthinta phansi), kuze kube yilapho umdlali onebhola ewiswa yiqembu elikhahlelayo. noma iphumele ngaphandle kwenkundla (ngaphandle kwemingcele).
Ukukhahlela kwebhola kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwesiwombe ngasinye ngemva kokuba igoli selishaywe futhi ngezinye izikhathi ekuqaleni kwesikhathi esengeziwe.
Umkhahleli nguyena obophezelekile ukukhahlela ibhola kanye nomdlali ozama igoli lenkundla.
Ikhahlela lidutshulwa lisuka phansi ibhola libekwe phezu kwesibambi.
Umdubuli, owaziwa nangokuthi umdubuli, iflaya, i-headhunter, noma i-kamikaze, umdlali osetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhahlela nama-punts futhi ogxile kakhulu ekugijimeni ehle kakhulu eceleni emzamweni wokuthola ukukhahlela noma umbuyiseli we-punt (funda ngalokhu ) ukuze ubhekane ngqo).
Umgomo womdlali we-wedge buster wukugijima phakathi nenkundla kuma-kick offs.
Kuyisibopho sakhe ukuphazamisa udonga lwabavimbeli ('insika') ukuze avimbele umbuyisi we-kick off ukuba abe nomzila azobuyisela kuwo.
Ukuba yi-wedge buster kuyisimo esiyingozi kakhulu njengoba evame ukugijima ngesivinini esigcwele lapho ehlangana nomuntu ovimbayo.
Qalisa ukubuyisela
Uma kukhahlelwa ibhola, ithimba elidlalayo lelinye iqembu lisenkundleni.
Umgomo wokugcina wokubuya kwekhahlela uwukusondeza ibhola eduze nendawo yokugcina (noma ukushaya amaphuzu uma kungenzeka).
Ngoba lapho u-kick off returner (KR) ekwazi ukuthwala khona ibhola yilapho umdlalo uzoqala khona futhi.
Ikhono leqembu lokuqala ngokuhlaselayo endaweni engcono kune-avareji likhulisa kakhulu ithuba lalo lempumelelo.
Lokho kusho ukuthi, uma isondela endaweni yokugcina, ayanda amathuba okuthi iqembu lithole i-touchdown.
Iqembu elibuyayo kufanele lisebenzisane kahle, umbuyiseli we-kick off (KR) ezama ukubamba ibhola ngemva kokuba iqembu elimelene selikhahlele ibhola, futhi lonke iqembu livula indlela ngokuvimba elimelene nalo.
Kungenzeka ukuthi ukukhahlela okunamandla kubangela ukuthi ibhola ligcine liphelele endaweni yeqembu elibuyayo.
Esimeni esinjalo, umbuyiseli wekhahlela akudingeki agijime nebhola.
Esikhundleni salokho, angakwazi ukubeka ibhola phansi endaweni yokugcina ukuze athole 'i-touchback', iqembu lakhe livume ukuqala ukudlala lisuka emugqeni wamayadi angu-20.
Uma u-KR ebamba ibhola enkundleni yokudlala bese ehlehlela endaweni yokugcina, kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi ukhipha ibhola endaweni yokugcina futhi.
Uma eliwe endaweni yokugcina, iqembu elikhahlelayo lithola ukuphepha futhi lithole amaphuzu amabili.
Iqembu lokubhoboza
Emdlalweni wokukhahlelela ibhola phezulu, iqembu elishaya ibhola lihambisana ne-scrimmage i-punter ikleliswe cishe ngamayadi angu-15 ngemuva kwesikhungo.
Iqembu elamukelayo - imbangi - selilungele ukubamba ibhola, njengokukhahlela.
Isikhungo sithatha ijubane elide kumdlali we-punter, obamba ibhola futhi aqhume enkundleni.
Umdlali wolunye uhlangothi obamba ibhola unelungelo lokuzama ukuqhubekisela phambili ibhola ngangokunokwenzeka.
Iphoyinti lebhola lezinyawo ngokuvamile livela ngomhlaka-4 phansi lapho ukuhlasela kuhlulekile ukufika phansi kokuqala phakathi nemizamo emithathu yokuqala futhi lisesimweni esingesihle somzamo wegoli lenkundla.
Ngokobuchwepheshe, iqembu lingakhomba ibhola kunoma yimaphi amaphuzu aphansi, kodwa lokho ngeke kube usizo oluncane.
Umphumela wokugijima okuvamile uwukuqala phansi kweqembu elitholayo lapho:
- umamukeli weqembu elemukelayo uyabanjwa noma aphumele ngaphandle kwemigqa yenkundla;
- ibhola liphuma emingceleni, noma lindiza noma ngemva kokushaya phansi;
- kukhona ukuthinta okungekho emthethweni: uma umdlali weqembu elikhahlelayo engumdlali wokuqala ukuthinta ibhola ngemuva kokuba edubule edlula umugqa wokukliba;
- noma ibhola lifike lahlala phakathi kwemigqa yenkundla ngaphandle kokuthintwa.
Eminye imiphumela engaba khona ukuthi iphuzu livinjwe ngemuva komugqa wombhalo obhaliwe, futhi ibhola lithintwa, kodwa alibanjwa noma libanjwe, yiqembu elamukelayo.
Kunoma ikuphi, ibhola lisuke “likhululekile” futhi “liyaphila” futhi liyoba ngeleqembu elizogcina libambe ibhola.
Ithimba elivimba amaphuzu/elibuyisela emuva
Uma elinye lamaqembu selilungele umdlalo wamaphuzu, iqembu eliphikisayo liletha iqembu lalo elivimbayo/elibuyisela emuva enkundleni.
Umbuyiseli we-punt (PR) unikezwe umsebenzi wokubamba ibhola ngemuva kokuthi selihlatshiwe futhi anikeze iqembu lakhe indawo enhle yokuvimba (noma ukuthinta phansi uma kungenzeka) ngokubuyisela ibhola.
Ngakho-ke igoli lifana ne-kick off.
Ngaphambi kokubamba ibhola, umdlali obuyayo kumele ahlole isimo enkundleni ibhola lisasemoyeni.
Kumele anqume ukuthi kunenzuzo ngempela yini eqenjini lakhe ukugijima nebhola.
Uma kubonakala sengathi ophikisana naye uzobe eseseduze kakhulu ne-PR ngesikhathi ebamba ibhola, noma uma kubonakala sengathi ibhola lizophelela endaweni yakhe yokugcina, u-PR angase akhethe ukungadlali ngebhola. bese ukhetha enye yezinketho ezimbili ezilandelayo esikhundleni salokho:
- Cela "i-fair catch" ngokushwiba ingalo eyodwa ngaphezu kwekhanda lakhe ngaphambi kokubamba ibhola. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umdlalo uphela ngokushesha nje lapho ebambe ibhola; Iqembu le-PR lizuza ubunikazi bebhola endaweni okubanjwe kuyo futhi akukho mzamo wokulibuyisela ongenziwa. Ukubamba okulungile kunciphisa ithuba lokuphuthaza noma ukulimala ngoba kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-PR ivikelekile ngokugcwele. Umphikisi akumele athinte i-PR noma azame ukuphazamisa ukubamba nganoma iyiphi indlela ngemva kokuba isignali yokubamba efanelekile isinikiwe.
- Gwema ibhola futhi ulivumele lishaye phansi† Lokhu kungenzeka uma ibhola lingena endaweni yokugcina yeqembu le-PR ukuze liphinde lithinte emuva (lapho ibhola libekwe emugqeni wamayadi angu-25 futhi ukudlala kuqale futhi kusukela lapho), liphumele ngaphandle kwemigqa yenkundla noma lizophumula ensimini dlala futhi 'ubekwe phansi' ngumdlali weqembu elishaya isibhakela ("ukwehlisa ibhola" kusho ukuthi umdlali ophethe ibhola umisa ukuya phambili ngokuguqa ngedolo elilodwa. Ukuthinta okunjalo kukhombisa ukuphela kwesenzo) .
Eyakamuva iyindlela ephephe kunazo zonke, njengoba iqeda ngokuphelele ithuba lokuphuthaza futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi iqembu lombuyisi liyaliphatha ibhola.
Kodwa-ke, iphinde inikeze ithuba lokuthi ithimba elishaya ibhola licuphe iqembu le-PR ekujuleni kwendawo yalo.
Lokhu akukwazi ukunikeza iqembu elibuyayo le-punt isikhundla esibi senkundla, kodwa kungaholela ngisho nasekuphepheni (amaphuzu amabili komphikisi).
Ukuphepha kwenzeka lapho umdlali ophethe ithimba elidlala ibhola elidlalayo egilwa noma 'ehlisa ibhola' endaweni yakhe yokugcina.
Iqembu lamagoli enkundla
Uma iqembu linquma ukuzama igoli lenkundla, ithimba lamagoli enkundla lingena esenzweni nabo bonke ngaphandle kwabadlali ababili abakleliswe eduze noma eduze komugqa wokukrwempa.
Umkhahleli kanye nesibambi (umdlali othola i-snapper ku-snapper ende) bakude.
Esikhundleni sesikhungo esivamile, iqembu lingase libe nomdlali we-snapper omude, oqeqeshelwe ukuhlwitha ibhola lapho uzama ukukhahlela kanye nama-punts.
Umbambi uvamise ukuzibeka endaweni engamayadi ayisikhombisa kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ngemuva komugqa we-scrimmage, nomkhahleli emayadi ambalwa ngemuva kwakhe.
Lapho ethola i-snap, umbambi ubamba ibhola libheke phansi, alithunge alisuse kumkhabi.
Umkhahleli uqala umnyakazo wakhe phakathi ne-snapper, ngakho-ke i-snapper kanye nesibambi banomkhawulo omncane wephutha.
Iphutha elilodwa elincane lingaphazamisa wonke umzamo.
Kuye ngezinga lokudlala, lapho lifinyelela umbambi, ibhola liphakanyiswa ngosizo lwetiyela lerabha elincane (inkundla encane lapho ibhola libekwe khona) noma nje phansi (ekolishi nasezingeni lochwepheshe. ).
Umkhahleli, obhekene nokukhahlela, uyena futhi ozama igoli lenkundla. Igoli lenkundla libiza amaphuzu ama-3.
Ukuvinjwa kwegoli lenkundla
Uma ithimba legoli lenkundla leqembu elilodwa lisenkundleni, ithimba lenkundla yelinye iqembu elivimbayo liyasebenza.
Abadlali bomugqa abavikelayo beqembu elivimbe amagoli enkundla bazimisa eduze nendawo ephakathi onqamula ibhola, ngoba indlela esheshayo eya egolini lenkundla noma umzamo wephoyinti owengeziwe udlula maphakathi.
Iqembu elivimba umgomo wenkundla yiqembu elizama ukuvikela igoli lenkundla futhi ngaleyo ndlela lifuna ukuvimbela icala ekutholeni amaphuzu ama-3.
Ibhola lingamayadi ayisikhombisa ukusuka emugqeni we-scrimmage, okusho ukuthi abalayini kuzofanele bawele le ndawo ukuvimba ukukhahlela.
Lapho ukuzivikela kuvimbe ukukhahlela kokuhlasela, bangakwazi ukulibuyisela ibhola futhi bathole i-TD (amaphuzu ayi-6).
Isiphetho
Uyabona, Ibhola laseMelika ngumdlalo wamaqhinga lapho izindima ezithile ezithathwa ngabadlali zibaluleke kakhulu.
Manje njengoba usuwazi ukuthi yiziphi izindima lezi, cishe uzobheka igeyimu elandelayo ngendlela ehlukile.
Ingabe ufuna ukudlala i-American Football ngokwakho? Qala ukuthenga ibhola lebhola laseMelika elingcono kakhulu laphaya
