Kuyintokozo enkulu ukuthi ngikubhalele laba bafundi lezi zihloko, wena. Angiyamukeli inkokhelo yokubhala izibuyekezo, umbono wami ngemikhiqizo ungowami, kepha uma uthola izincomo zami zilusizo futhi ugcina uthenga okuthile ngesixhumanisi esisodwa engingathola ikhomishini kulokho. Ulwazi oluningi
Izingozi ze (professional) Ibhola laseMelika kube yisihloko esishisayo eminyakeni yamuva. Ucwaningo lubonise amazinga aphezulu okungqubuzana, ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu kanye nesimo esibucayi sobuchopho - i-chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) - kubadlali bangaphambili.
Ibhola laseMelika lingaba yingozi ngempela uma ungathathi izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele. Ngenhlanhla, kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokuvimbela ukulimala okufana nokungqubuzana ngangokunokwenzeka, njengokugqoka isivikelo sekhwalithi ephezulu, ukufunda amasu okubamba alungile kanye nokukhuthaza ukudlala okulungile.
Uma - njengami nje! – uthanda ibhola kakhulu, angifuni ukukwethusa ngalesi sihloko! Ngakho-ke ngizokunikeza namathiphu okuphepha awusizo ukuze uqhubeke nokudlala lo mdlalo omuhle ngaphandle kokuzifaka engozini.
Ukulimala kobuchopho kungaba nemiphumela eqeda amandla kakhulu. Kuyini ngempela ukungqubuzana - ungakuvimbela kanjani - futhi yini i-CTE?
Yimiphi imithetho i-NFL eshintshile ukuze wenze umdlalo uphephe, futhi yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zebhola?
Lokho esixoxa ngakho kulokhu okuthunyelwe okuphelele:
- 1 Ukulimala Emzimbeni Nezingozi Zezempilo Ebholeni LaseMelika
- 2 Ngingakugwema kanjani ukungqubuzana ebholeni laseMelika?
- 3 Iyini i-CTE (Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy)?
- 4 Imithetho Emisha Yezokuphepha ye-NFL
- 5 Izinzuzo zokudlala ibhola laseMelika
- 6 Ububi bebhola laseMelika
- 7 Ukuze uvumele ingane yakho idlale ibhola noma cha?
Ukulimala Emzimbeni Nezingozi Zezempilo Ebholeni LaseMelika
Ingabe ibhola laseMelika liyingozi? Siyazi sonke ukuthi ibhola liwumdlalo onzima nowomzimba.
Naphezu kwalokhu, ithandwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi eMelika. Kodwa lo mdlalo udlalwa kakhulu ngaphandle kwase-United States.
Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi baningi abasubathi abathanda ukuzilolonga lo mdlalo, abantu abaningi bayathanda ukuwubuka.
Ngeshwa, ngaphezu kokulimala ngokomzimba abadlali abangakwazi ukukuthola, kuphinde kube nezingozi zezempilo ezimbi kakhulu ezihlobene nomdlalo.
Cabanga ngokulimala ekhanda kanye nokungqubuzana, okungaholela ekuqhumeni unomphela futhi ezimeni ezibuhlungu ngisho nokufa.
Futhi lapho abadlali begcina ukulimala kwekhanda okuphindaphindiwe, i-CTE ingathuthuka; i-encephalopathy ebuhlungu engapheli.
Lokhu kungabangela ukuwohloka komqondo kanye nokulahlekelwa inkumbulo kamuva ekuphileni, kanye nokucindezeleka nokushintshashintsha kwemizwelo, okungaholela ekuzibulaleni uma kungelashwa.
Kuyini Ukungqubuzana/Ukungqubuzana?
Ukungqubuzana kwenzeka lapho ubuchopho bushaya ingaphakathi logebhezi ngenxa yokushayisana.
Lapho amandla omthelela emakhulu, kuba nzima kakhulu ukungqubuzana.
Izimpawu zokungqubuzana zingase zihlanganise ukudideka, izinkinga zenkumbulo, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukufiphala nokulahlekelwa ukwazi.
Ukungqubuzana kwesibili kuvame ukuhambisana nezimpawu ezihlala isikhathi eside kunokuqala.
I-CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) ibika ukuthi ukuquleka okungaphezu kokukodwa kungabangela ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, ulaka, izinguquko zobuntu, kanye nengozi eyengeziwe ye-Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, CTE, nezinye iziphazamiso zobuchopho.
Ngingakugwema kanjani ukungqubuzana ebholeni laseMelika?
Ukudlala ezemidlalo kuhlale kunezingozi, kodwa kunezindlela eziningana zokuvimbela ukungqubuzana okukhulu ebholeni.
Ukugqoka isivikelo esifanele
Izigqoko zokuvikela umlomo nezivikela umlomo zisetshenziswa kakhulu futhi zingasiza. Qiniseka ukuthi uhlala ugqoke isigqoko esilingana kahle nesisesimweni esihle.
Buka izindatshana zethu nge izigqoko ezinhle kakhulu, amaphedi ehlombe en abaqaphi ukuze ibhola laseMelika uzivikele ngokusemandleni akho.
Ukufunda amasu afanele
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthi abagijimi bafunde amasu afanele nezindlela zokugwema ukushaywa ekhanda.
Ukunciphisa inani lokuxhumana ngokomzimba
Okungcono nakakhulu, yiqiniso, ukunciphisa noma ukuqeda ukuhlolwa komzimba noma ukulwa.
Ngakho-ke, khawulela inani lokuxhumana ngokomzimba ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa futhi uqinisekise ukuthi abaqeqeshi bezemidlalo abangochwepheshe bakhona emiqhudelwaneni nasezifundweni zokuqeqeshwa.
Qasha abaqeqeshi abangongoti
Abaqeqeshi nabasubathi kumele baqhubeke nokugcina imithetho yezemidlalo yokudlala ngokungenzeleli, ukuphepha kanye nemidlalo.
Babhekisise abasubathi ngesikhathi semidlalo yokugijima
Abasubathi kufanele futhi baqashwe ngeso lokhozi ngesikhathi begijima imidlalo, ikakhulukazi abasubathi bedlala isikhundla sokubuyela emuva.
Ukusebenzisa imithetho nokugwema izenzo ezingaphephile
Kufanele futhi kuqikelelwe ukuthi abasubathi bagwema izenzo ezingaphephile njengokuthi: ukushaya omunye umsubathi ekhanda (isigqoko), ukusebenzisa umakalabha ukushaya omunye umsubathi (i-helmet-to-helmet noma i-helmet-to-body contact), noma ukuzama ngamabomu. ukulimaza omunye umsubathi.
Iyini i-CTE (Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy)?
Izingozi zebhola zihlanganisa ukulimala ekhanda kanye nokungqubuzana okungaholela ekulimaleni okungapheli kobuchopho noma, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukufa.
Abadlali abathola ukulimala ekhanda okuphindaphindiwe bangase babe ne-chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).
I-CTE ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okubangelwa ukulimala okuphindaphindiwe ekhanda.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo, ukushintshashintsha kwemizwelo, ukwahlulela okungalungile, ulaka nokucindezeleka, kanye nokuwohloka komqondo kamuva ekuphileni.
Lezi zinguquko zobuchopho ziba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngezinye izikhathi zinganakwa kuze kube yizinyanga, iminyaka, noma ngisho namashumi eminyaka (amashumi eminyaka) ngemva kokulimala kokugcina kobuchopho.
Abanye abasubathi bangaphambili abane-CTE bazibulele noma babulala.
I-CTE ivame ukutholakala kubasubathi abaye balimala kaningi ekhanda, njengabashayisibhakela bangaphambili, abadlali be-hockey nabadlali bebhola.
Imithetho Emisha Yezokuphepha ye-NFL
Ukwenza ibhola laseMelika liphephe kubadlali be-NFL, iNational Football League isiguqule imithetho yayo.
Ukukhahlela nokuthinta emuva kuthathwa kude, onompempe (onompempe) baqinile ekwahluleleni ukuziphatha okungekona okomuntu kwezemidlalo nokuyingozi, futhi sibonga ukuthintana nomakalabha we-CHR kuyajeziswa.
Isibonelo, ama-kickoffs manje athathwa emugqeni wamayadi angama-35 esikhundleni somugqa wamayadi angama-30, futhi okuthintwa emuva esikhundleni somugqa wamayadi angama-20 manje sekuthathwa emugqeni wamayadi angama-25.
Amabanga amafushane aqinisekisa ukuthi, lapho abadlali begijima bebheke komunye nomunye ngesivinini, umthelela uba mkhulu kakhulu.
Uma ibanga likhulu, isivinini singatholakala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-NFL ihlela ukuqhubeka nokukhipha abadlali abenza izinto ezingezona ezomdlalo neziyingozi. Lokhu kufanele kunciphise inani lokulimala.
Kukhona futhi 'umthetho womqhele we-helmet' (CHR), ojezisa abadlali abathintana nomunye umdlali ngengaphezulu lesigqoko sabo sokuzivikela.
Ukuthintana kukamakalabha kuyingozi enkulu kubo bobabili abadlali. Manje kunenhlawulo yamayadi angu-15 ngalokhu kuphulwa komthetho.
Ngenxa ye-CHR, imihuzuko nokunye ukulimala kwekhanda nentamo kuzokwehla.
Kodwa-ke, lo mthetho omusha nawo unecala eliphansi: abadlali manje bazokwazi ukubhekana nomzimba ophansi, okungase kwandise ingozi yokulimala okuphansi komzimba.
Mina ngokwami ngikholwa ukuthi uma ithimba labaqeqeshi beqembu lakho benza ukuphepha kube yinto ehamba phambili kubo, bazokwenza konke abangakwenza ukufundisa abadlali babo indlela elungile yokuwisa ukuze banciphise isibalo sokulimala nokulimala futhi bathuthukise ezemidlalo, ikakhulukazi kumnandi ukuwugcina.
Ukuthuthukisa iphrothokholi yokungqubuzana
Kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-2017, i-NFL iphinde yenze izinguquko ezimbalwa kuphrothokholi yayo ye-concussion.
Ngaphambi kokwethulwa kwalezi zinguquko, umdlali ophume enkundleni eshayeke kanzima bekumele angadlali ngesikhathi esahlolwa.
Uma udokotela engamxilonga, umdlali kuzomele ahlale ebhentshini kuze kuphele umdlalo kuze kube udokotela emnikeza imvume yokuphinde adlale.
Le nqubo ayiseyona inkinga.
Ukuze kuvikelwe kangcono abadlali, umeluleki (ozimele) we-neurotrauma (UNC) uqokwa ngaphambi kwawo wonke umdlalo.
Noma yimuphi umdlali okhombisa ukuntula ukuqina kwemoto noma ibhalansi uzohlolwa njengomphumela.
Futhi, labo badlali abahlolelwe ukuquleka phakathi nomdlalo bazophinde bahlolwe phakathi namahora angu-24 okuhlolwa kokuqala.
Njengoba uchwepheshe ezimele futhi engasebenzi emaqenjini, kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabadlali ngangokunokwenzeka.
Udinga ucwaningo olwengeziwe ngezingozi?
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi abadlali bebhola basengozini enkulu yokulimala kobuchopho. Futhi lokho akuzona izindaba ezinhle.
Kodwa-ke, kushicilelwe izincwadi eziningi ku-Journal of Athletic Training ezithi kusekuningi okungaziwa mayelana nezingozi zokungqubuzana.
Ziningi izifundo ngale ndaba, kodwa kusesekuseni kakhulu ukuthi ufinyelele iziphetho ezinqala.
Ngakho-ke lokhu kusho ukuthi alukho ulwazi olwanele olukholisayo okwamanje olungasho ukuthi ubungozi bukhulu kakhulu, noma ukuthi ukudlala ibhola kuyingozi kakhulu kunezinye izinto esijabulela ukuzenza noma ukuzenza nsuku zonke—njengokushayela.
Izinzuzo zokudlala ibhola laseMelika
Ibhola liwumdlalo ongaba muhle noma ube muhle kunalokho abantu abaningi abangakuqaphela.
Ukuqina namandla owakha ngawo kuthuthukisa impilo yakho yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
Ibhola lingakwazi futhi ukuthuthukisa ukugxilisa ingqondo yakho futhi ufunde ukuthi kungabaluleka kangakanani ukusebenzisana njengeqembu.
Uzofunda ngobuholi, isiyalo, ukubhekana nokudumazeka kanye nokuthi ungathuthukisa kanjani ukuziphatha kwakho emsebenzini.
Ibhola likanobhutshuzwayo lidinga izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuqeqeshwa njengokugijima, ukugijima amabanga amade, ukuqeqeshwa kwesikhashana kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwamandla (ukuphakamisa isisindo).
Ibhola liphinde libe wumdlalo odinga ukunakwa kwakho konke nokugxila kwakho ukuze uphumelele.
Ngokungena ngaphakathi noma ngokubhekana nothile, ungathuthukisa ikhono lakho lokugxilisa ingqondo, okuyinto futhi esiza emsebenzini noma phakathi nezifundo zakho.
Umdlalo ukuphoqa ukuthi ugxile emsebenzini wakho. Uma ungakwenzi, ungaba 'yisisulu'.
Eqinisweni, awunakukwazi ukuhlale uqaphile.
Ufunda ukubhekana nesikhathi sakho, ngokulahlekelwa nokudumazeka futhi ufunda ukuqondisa izigwegwe.
Konke lokhu kuyizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi entsheni esekuningi okufanele ikufunde kanye nolwazi empilweni, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kufanele iqale ukusebenzisa lezi zinto ezimweni zangempela zokuphila.
Ububi bebhola laseMelika
E-United States, ngaphezu kwe-2014 ukulimala kwebhola lezinyawo esikoleni esiphakeme kwenzeka phakathi konyaka wesikole ka-2015-500.000, ngokusho kwe-National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance Study.
Lolu wudaba olukhulu oludinga ukusukunyelwa ngokushesha yizikole nabaqeqeshi ukuze kuphephe abadlali.
Ngo-2017, izinkulungwane zabadlali bebhola likanobhutshuzwayo abakhokhelwayo bavumelana ngesivumelwano neNational Football League mayelana nezimo zempilo ezibucayi ezihlobene nezingxabano.
Lolu wudaba osekuphele iminyaka belwa futhi lugcina luthela izithelo. Nakuba umdlalo siwenza uphephe kangakanani, uwumdlalo oyingozi futhi uhlala uyingozi.
Kuyaye kube yinselelo ukuthi amaqembu aqede isizini ngaphandle kokulimala kwabantu.
Ububi bebhola ukulimala okungase kubangele.
Okunye ukulimala okuvamile kuhlanganisa amaqakala aphihlikile, i-hamstring edabukile, i-ACL noma i-meniscus, nezingxabano.
Sekuke kwaba nezimo lapho izingane zilimale ekhanda ngenxa yokugijinyiswa, okuholela ekufeni.
Kuyadabukisa impela lokho futhi akufanele neze kwenzeke.
Ukuze uvumele ingane yakho idlale ibhola noma cha?
Njengomzali, kubalulekile ukwazi ubungozi bebhola.
Ibhola akuwona wonke umuntu futhi uma ingane yakho kutholakale ukuthi inokulimala kwengqondo, kufanele uxoxe nodokotela ukuthi kuwukuhlakanipha yini ukuyiyeka ingane yakho iqhubeke nokudlala ibhola.
Uma indodana noma indodakazi yakho ithanda ukudlala ibhola, qiniseka ukuthi ulandela amathiphu akulesi sihloko ukuze unciphise izingozi zempilo.
Uma ingane yakho isencane, ifulegi lebhola lezinyawo cishe liyindlela engcono.
Ibhola lebhola lefulegi liwuhlobo lwebhola lezinyawo laseMelika okungaxhunywana nalo futhi liyindlela enhle kakhulu yokwethula izingane (kanye nabantu abadala) ebholeni ngendlela ephephe kakhulu.
Kukhona ubungozi obukhona ekudlaleni ibhola lezinyawo, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi yilokho okwenza lo mdlalo ujabulise.
Uma ubungasusa zonke izingozi, empeleni ubuzosusa izizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani ikhanga kangaka kubantu abaningi, njengokuhlanya okungase kuzwakale.
Ngiphinde ngincoma ukuthi ubheke izihloko zami mayelana igiya lebhola lezinyawo laseMelika elingcono kakhulu ukuvumela ingane yakho ukuba ijabulele umdlalo owuthanda kakhulu kuye ngokuphepha ngangokunokwenzeka!
