Ndeapi zvinzvimbo zvevatambi munhabvu yeAmerica? Mitemo yakatsanangurwa

In American football pane vatambi gumi nemumwe kubva kuchikwata chimwe nechimwe pa'gridiron' (nhandare yekutamba) panguva imwe chete. Mutambo unobvumira huwandu husingagumi hwekutsiva, uye kune akati wandei mabasa pamunda. Chinzvimbo chevatambi chinoenderana nekuti timu inotamba pakurwiswa here kana pakudzivirira.

Chikwata chenhabvu cheAmerica chakakamurwa kuita mhosva, dziviriro uye zvikwata zvakakosha. Mukati memapoka aya mune zvinzvimbo zvevatambi zvakasiyana zvinofanirwa kuzadzwa, zvakaita se quarterback, murindi, gadzirisa uye mutsara.

Muchikamu chino iwe unogona kuverenga zvese nezve nzvimbo dzakasiyana mukurwisa, kudzivirira uye zvikwata zvakakosha.

Chikwata chiri kurwisa ndicho chine bhora uye defence inoedza kudzivirira anorwisa kuti asagohwe.

Nhabvu yeAmerica mutambo wehungwaru uye wakangwara, uye kuziva mabasa akasiyana panhandare kwakakosha kuti unzwisise mutambo.

Ndeapi zvinzvimbo zvakasiyana, vatambi vakaiswa kupi uye ndeapi mabasa avo uye mabasa avo?

Unoda kuziva zvinopfekwa nevatambi veAF? Pano ini ndinotsanangura yakazara American Football gear & zvipfeko

Mhosva ndeyei?

'Kukanganisa' iboka rinorwisa. Iyo inogumbura unit ine quarterback, inogumbura linemen, misana, migumo yakaoma uye vanogamuchira.

Ichi ndicho chikwata chinotanga kutora bhora kubva mumutsara wekunyora (mutsetse wekufungidzira unoratidza nzvimbo yebhora panotangira imwe neimwe pasi).

Chinangwa chechikwata chiri kurwisa ndechekuwana zvibodzwa zvakawanda sezvinobvira.

Chikwata chekutanga

Mutambo wacho unowanzotanga apo quarterback inogamuchira bhora kuburikidza ne snap (kupfuura bhora kumashure pakutanga kwekutamba) kubva pakati uye opfuudza bhora kunendichimhanya ndichidzokera', anokanda kune 'receiver', kana kuti anomhanya nebhora iwe pachako.

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Chinangwa chikuru ndechekuwana akawanda 'touchdowns' (TDs) sezvinobvira, nekuti ndiwo anonwisa zvibodzwa zvakawanda.

Imwe nzira yekuti timu iri kurwisa iwane mapoinzi iri kuburikidza nenhamburiko yemumunda.

Iyo 'offensive unit'

Mutsara wekugumburisa une pakati, varindi vaviri, tambo mbiri uye imwe kana maviri magumo akasimba.

Basa rezvizhinji zvinogumbura linemen nderokuvhara uye kudzivirira boka rinopikisa / kudzivirira kubva pakugadzirisa quarterback (inozivikanwa se "saga") kana kuita kuti zvisakwanisike kuti iye akande bhora.

“Misana” i“kumashure” (kana kuti “tailbacks”) inowanzo takura bhora, uye “full back” inowanzovharira kumhanya ichidzoka uye nguva nenguva anotakura bhora iye kana kuti anotambira.

Basa guru revakapamhama vanogamuchira' ari kubata mapasi uye obva aunza bhora kure sezvinobvira, kana kuti zviri nani kunyangwe mu'end zone'.

Vanogamuchira vanokodzera

Pakati pevanomwe (kana kupfuura) vatambi vakamisikidzwa pamutsetse wekunyora, avo chete vakamisikidzwa pamagumo emutsara vanogona kumhanya kumunda uye kugamuchira pass (ava ndivo 'vanokodzera' vanogamuchira) ..

Kana timu iine vatambi vasingasviki vanomwe pamutsara wekunyora, zvinozoguma nechirango (nekuda kwe'kuumbwa kusiri pamutemo').

Kuumbwa kwekurwiswa uye kuti kunoshanda sei chaizvo kunotemwa nehuzivi hunogumbura hwemurairidzi mukuru kana 'anogumbura murongi'.

Zvinzvimbo zvinogumbura zvakatsanangura

Muchikamu chinotevera, ndichakurukura zvinogumbura zvinzvimbo chimwe nechimwe.

Quarterback

Kunyangwe iwe uchibvuma kana kwete, quarterback ndiye akanyanya kukosha mutambi munhandare yenhabvu.

Iye ndiye mutungamiri wechikwata, anosarudza mitambo uye anoisa mutambo mukufamba.

Basa rake nderekutungamira kurwisa, kupfuudza zano kune vamwe vatambi uye kukanda bhora, ipa mumwe mutambi, kana kumhanya nebhora iwe pachako.

Iyo quarterback inofanirwa kukwanisa kukanda bhora nesimba uye nemazvo. Anofanirwa kunyatsoziva kuti mutambi wega wega achange ari papi panguva yemutambo.

Quarterback anozvimisa kuseri kwepakati mune 'pasi pepakati' maumbirwo, paanomira akananga kuseri kwepakati otora bhora, kana kure kure mu 'pfuti' kana 'pistol formation', apo nzvimbo inorova bhora. 'anosvika' kwaari.

Muenzaniso weanozivikanwa quarterback, hongu, Tom Brady, waungangove wakanzwa nezvake.

pakati

Pakati zvakare ine basa rakakosha, sezvo anofanirwa kutanga aona kuti bhora rinopera zvakanaka mumaoko equarterback.

Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, pakati chikamu chikamu chinogumbura uye basa rayo nderekuvhara vanopikisa.

Ndiye zvakare mutambi anounza bhora mukutamba nenzira ye 'snap' kune quarterback.

Pakati, pamwe chete nemamwe mutsara wekugumbura, inoda kudzivirira mudzvanyiriri kuti asaswedere quarterback yavo kuti vabate kana kuvharira kupfuura.

murindi

Kune varindi vaviri (vanogumbura) muchikwata chinorwisa. Varindi vakananga kune rimwe divi repakati nemateki maviri kune rimwe divi.

Kungofanana nepakati, varindi ndeve 'vanogumbura linemen' uye basa ravo nderekuvharisa uye kugadzira maburi (maburi) ekumhanya kwavo kumashure.

Magadhi anongoonekwa seanogamuchira 'vasingakodzeri' zvichireva kuti havafanire kubata kupasa vachiziva kunze kwekunge kuri kugadzirisa 'fumble' kana kuti bhora rinotanga kubatwa nemudziviriri kana 'ane mvumo' anotambira .

Kupusa kunoitika kana mutambi ane bhora arasa bhora risati ratambiswa, akwanisa kubata pasi, kana kubuda kunze kwemiganhu.

Zvinogumbura

Iwo madhiri anogumbura anotamba kumativi ese evarindi.

Kune yerudyi-ruoko quarterback, kuruboshwe tackle ine basa rekuchengetedza mapofu, uye kazhinji inokurumidza kupfuura mamwe anogumbura linemen kumisa kudzivirira magumo.

Izvo zvinogumbura tackles zvakare ndezveiyo 'inogumbura linemen' unit uye basa ravo nderekuvharisa.

Iyo nharaunda kubva pane imwe tack kuenda kune imwe inonzi nharaunda ye 'yepedyo mutsara yekutamba' umo mamwe mabhuroki kubva kumashure, ayo anorambidzwa kumwe kunhu pamunda, anotenderwa.

Kana pane mutsara usina kuenzana (apo pasina nhamba yakafanana yevatambi vakarongwa kune rumwe rutivi rwepakati), varindi kana tackles vanogonawo kuiswa pedyo nemumwe.

Sezvakatsanangurwa muchikamu chevarindi, ma linemen anogumbura haabvumidzwe kubata kana kumhanya nebhora kazhinji.

Chete kana paine fumble kana bhora rakatanga kubatwa nereciver kana mutambi anodzivirira anogona kugumburisa lineman akabata bhora.

Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, linemen inogumbura inogona kubata zviri pamutemo kudarika; vanogona kuita izvi nekunyoresa sevagamuchiri vane mvumo ne mutambi wenhabvu (kana mutambi) mutambo usati waitwa.

Kumwe kubata kana kubata bhora neaneman anogumbura kucharangwa.

Kuguma kwakasimba

De kuguma kwakasimba ihybrid pakati peanogamuchira neaneman anogumbura.

Kazhinji mutambi uyu anomira padivi peLT (kuruboshwe) kana RT (kurudyi kubata) kana anogona "kutora zororo" pamutsara wekunyora semugamuchiri akakura.

Mabasa ekupedzisira anosanganisira kuvharira quarterback uye kumhanya kumashure, asi anogona zvakare kumhanya uye kubata anopfuura.

Migumo yakaoma inogona kubata seanogamuchira, asi iva nesimba uye chimiro chekutonga pamutsara.

Migumo yakaoma idiki muchimiro pane inogumbura linemen asi yakareba kupfuura vamwe vatambi venhabvu vekare.

Wide receiver

Wide receivers (WR) vanozivikanwa zvakanyanya sevatambi vekupasa, kana vanobata bhora. Vanoita mutsetse vari kunze kwemunda, kuruboshwe kana kurudyi.

Basa ravo nderekumhanyisa 'nzira' kuti vasununguke, kugamuchira pasi kubva kuQB uye kumhanya kusvika kumunda nebhora sezvavanogona.

Panyaya yekutamba kwekumhanya (apo kumhanya kumashure kunomhanya nebhora), kazhinji ibasa revanogamuchira kuvharira.

Ihwo hunyanzvi seti yevagamuchiri vakafara kazhinji hune kukurumidza uye kwakasimba ruoko-ziso kurongeka.

De magurovhosi ekurudyi akafara batsira mhando dzevatambi idzi kuti dzibate zvakakwana pabhora uye dzinokosha kana zvasvika pakuita mitambo mikuru.

Mapoka anoshandisa anosvika maviri kusvika mana akafara vatambi mumutambo wega wega. Pamwe chete nevanodzivirira makona, vanogamuchira zvakafara vanowanzova vakomana vanomhanyisa pamunda.

Vanofanirwa kunge vachimhanya uye nekukasira kuti vazunze vadziviriri vachiedza kuvavhara uye kukwanisa kubata bhora zvakavimbika.

Vamwe vanogamuchira zvakafara vanogona zvakare kushanda se'poindi' kana 'kick returner' (unogona kuverenga zvakawanda nezvezvinzvimbo pazasi).

Kune marudzi maviri evatambi vakafara (WR): iyo wideout uye slot inogamuchira. Chinangwa chikuru chevaviri vanogamuchira ndechekubata mabhora (uye zvibodzwa touchdowns).

Dzinogona kusiyana mukukura, asi kazhinji dzose dzinokurumidza.

Slot inogamuchira kazhinji idiki, inokurumidza WR inogona kubata zvakanaka. Iwo akaiswa pakati pe wideouts neanogumbura mutsara kana tight end.

Ndichimhanya ndichidzokera

Iyo inozivikanwawo se 'halfback'. Mutambi uyu anogona kuzviita zvese. Anozviisa kumashure kana padivi pe quarterback.

Anomhanya, anobata, anovhara uye anotokanda bhora apo neapo. Kumhanya kumashure (RB) kazhinji kacho mutambi anokurumidza uye haatyi kusangana nemuviri.

Kazhinji, mumhanyi wekudzokera anogamuchira bhora kubva kuQB, uye ibasa rake kumhanya kure nemumunda sezvinobvira.

Anogona zvakare kubata bhora seWR, asi ndicho chechipiri chake chekutanga.

Running back inouya mune ese 'maumbirwo uye saizi'. Kune misana mikuru, yakasimba, kana misana midiki, inokurumidza.

Panogona kuve ne zero kusvika kumatatu maRB pamunda pane chero mutambo wakapihwa, asi kazhinji inenge iri imwe kana maviri.

Kazhinji, kune marudzi maviri ekumhanya kumashure; hafu kumashure, uye musana wakazara.

hafu kumashure

Iwo akanakisa hafu kumashure (HB) ane musanganiswa wesimba nekumhanya, uye akakosha zvakanyanya kuzvikwata zvavo.

Iyo hafu yekumashure ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa mhando yekumhanya uchidzokera.

Basa rake guru nderekumhanya kusvika kumunda nebhora sezvaanogona, asi anofanirawo kukwanisa kubata bhora kana zvichidiwa.

Vamwe hafu kumashure idiki uye inokurumidza uye inonzvenga vadzivisi vavo, vamwe vakakura uye vane simba uye vanomhanya pamusoro pevadziviriri pane kuvatenderedza.

Nekuti hafu yekumashure inosangana nekubata kwakawanda kwemuviri pamunda, avhareji yebasa rehafu yehunyanzvi kumashure zvinosiririsa kazhinji ipfupi.

zvizere kumashure

Iyo yakazara kumashure kazhinji ikati hombe uye yakasimba vhezheni yeRB, uye munhabvu yemazuva ano kazhinji kacho inotungamira inovharira.

Iyo yakazara kumashure ndiye mutambi ane mutoro wekuchenesa nzira yekumhanya kumashure uye kuchengetedza quarterback.

Misana yakakwana inowanzova vatasvi vakanaka vane simba rakasiyana. Avhareji yakazara musana yakakura uye ine simba.

Iyo yekumashure yaimbove yakakosha mutakuri webhora, asi mazuvano hafu yekumashure inowana bhora mumarunji mazhinji uye kuseri kuzere kunovhura nzira.

Kuseri kuzere kunonziwo 'blocking back'.

Mamwe mafomu/matemu ekumhanya kumashure

Mamwe mazwi anoshandiswa kutsanangura kumhanya kumashure uye mabasa avo iTailback, H-Back uye Wingback/Slotback.

Muswe Kumashure (TB)

Anomhanya achidzokera kumashure, kazhinji ari halfback, anozvimisa kuseri kwemusana mu 'I formation' (zita rechimiro chakananga) kwete pedyo naye.

H-Back

Kwete kuvhiringika nehalf back. A H-kumashure mutambi uyo, kusiyana nemagumo akasimba, anozviisa kuseri kwemutsara wekunyora.

Mugumo wakasimba uri pamutsetse. Kazhinji, ndiye akazara kumashure kana akasimba kumagumo anotamba chinzvimbo cheH-back.

Nekuti mutambi anozviisa kuseri kwemutsara wekunyora, anoverengerwa semumwe we'kumashure'. Kazhinji, zvisinei, basa rake rakafanana neremamwe magumo akasimba.

Wingback (WB) / Slotback

A wingback kana slotback munhu anomhanya kumashure anozvimisa kuseri kwemutsara we scrimmage padyo netackle kana magumo akasimba.

Matimu anogona kusiyanisa huwandu hwevatambi vakafara, migumo yakasimba uye vanomhanya kumashure kumunda. Zvisinei, pane zvimwe zvisingakwanisi kune maitiro ekurwisa.

Semuenzaniso, panofanirwa kuve nevatambi vanomwe pamutsara wekunyora, uye vatambi vaviri chete kumagumo ega ega ndivo vanokodzera kupasa.

Dzimwe nguva linemen anogumbura anogona 'kuzvizivisa ivo vane mvumo' uye vanobvumidzwa kubata bhora mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro.

Kwete chete maererano nezvinzvimbo Nhabvu yeAmerica inosiyana nerugby, verenga zvimwe pano

Kudzivirirwa chii?

Dziviriro iboka rinotamba pazvidziviriro uye mutambo uchipokana nemhosva unotanga kubva pamutsetse wekutsvetera. Naizvozvo chikwata ichi hachina bhora.

Chinangwa chechikwata chinodzivirira ndechekudzivirira imwe (inogumbura) timu kubva pakuhwina.

Kudzivirirwa kunosanganisira zvidziviriro zvinodzivirira, zvidziviriro zvekudzivirira, mutsara, makona uye kuchengetedza.

Chinangwa chechikwata chinodzivirira chinowanikwa kana timu iri kurwisa yasvika pa4th pasi, uye yatadza kuwana touchdown kana mamwe mapoinzi.

Kusiyana nechikwata chinorwisa, hapana nzvimbo dzekudzivirira dzakanyatsotsanangurwa. Mutambi anodzivirira anogona kuzviisa chero kupi zvako parutivi rwake rwemutsara wekunyora uye kutora chero chiito chepamutemo.

Mitsara yakawanda inoshandiswa inosanganisira migumo yekudzivirira uye inodzivirira tackles pamutsara uye kuseri kwemutsara uyu kune mutsara, makona uye kuchengetedzwa kwakarongwa.

Defensive ends and tackles dzinonzi pamwe chete se "defensive line," ukuwo makona uye chengetedzo dzinonzi "secondary" kana "defensive backs."

Defensive end (DE)

Sezvo paine tambo yekugumburisa, kunewo tambo yekudzivirira.

Migumo yekudzivirira, pamwe chete nekugadzirisa, chikamu chekudzivirira mutsara. Mutsetse wekudzivirira uye mutsara unogumbura unokwira pakutanga kwemutambo wega wega.

Iwo maviri ekudzivirira anopedzisa kutamba kwega kwega pane imwe mugumo wemutsara wekudzivirira.

Basa ravo ndere kurwisa mupfuuri (kazhinji quarterback) kana kumisa zvinogumbura zvinomhanya kune ekunze kumucheto kwemutsara we scrimmage (inowanzo kunzi "containment").

Iyo inokurumidza yevaviri inowanzoiswa kudivi rerudyi nekuti ndiyo ibofu rerutivi rwerudyi rwe quarterback.

Defensive tackle (DT)

The 'kudzivirira kubata' dzimwe nguva inonzi 'defensive guard'.

Defensive tackles ndeye linemen yakarongwa pakati pemigumo yekudzivirira.

Basa reDTs nderekumhanyisa mupfuuri (kumhanya akananga kuquarterback mukuyedza kumisa kana kumubata) uye kumisa kutamba mitambo.

Kurwisa kunodzivirira kuri kumberi kwebhora (kureva mhino nemhino nepakati pemhosva) inowanzonzi ""mhino kubata' kana kuti 'nose guard'.

Iyo mhino yemhino inowanzozivikanwa mu 3-4 kudzivirira (3 linemen, 4 linebackers, 4 kudzivirira kumashure) uye kota yekudzivirira (3 linemen, 1 linebacker, 7 kudzivirira kumashure).

Mazhinji ekudzivirira mitsara ane imwe kana maviri ekudzivirira tackle. Dzimwe nguva, asi kwete kazhinji, timu ine matatu ekudzivirira ekudzivirira pamunda.

Linebacker (LB)

Mazhinji ekudzivirira mitsara ane pakati pevaviri kusvika mana mutsara.

Linebackers anowanzo kupatsanurwa kuva marudzi matatu: strongside (Kuruboshwe- kana Kurudyi-Kunze Linebacker: LOLB kana ROLB); pakati (MLB); uye kupera simba (LOLB kana ROLB).

Linebackers vanotamba kuseri kwemutsara wekudzivirira uye vanoita mabasa akasiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, sekumhanyisa mupfuuri, kuvhara vanogamuchira, uye kudzivirira mutambo wekumhanya.

Mutsara wemutsetse wakasimba anowanzo kutarisana neanorwisa kwakasimba.

Anowanzove ane simba kupfuura LB sezvo achifanira kukwanisa kuzunungusa vatungamiriri vevavharidzi nekukurumidza zvakakwana kuti abate iyo inomhanya kumashure.

Mutsara wepakati anofanirwa kunyatso ratidza mutsara wedivi rekurwisa uye kuona kuti ndedzipi dziviriro dzinofanirwa kuita.

Ndicho chikonzero mutsetse wepakati anonziwo "defense quarterback."

The weakside linebacker kazhinji ndiye anonyanya kumhanya kana kukurumidza linebacker nekuti kazhinji anofanirwa kudzivirira munda wakavhurika.

Corner Back (CB)

Makona anowanzo kuve mapfupi muchimiro, asi gadzira iyo nekumhanya kwavo uye maitiro.

Makona (anonziwo 'makona') vatambi vanonyanya kuvhara vanogamuchira zvakafara.

Cornerbacks inoedzawo kudzivirira quarterback inopfuura nekugogodza bhora kure neanogamuchira kana nekubata pass pachayo (interception).

Ivo vanonyanya kukonzeresa kukanganisa nekudzivirira mitambo yekupfuura (nekudaro kudzivirira quarterback kubva kukanda bhora kune mumwe wevaanogamuchira) pane mukumhanya mitambo (apo kumhanya kumashure kunomhanya nebhora).

Nzvimbo yekona yekona inoda kukurumidza uye agility.

Mutambi anofanira kukwanisa kutarisira quarterback uye ave neback pedaling yakanaka (back pedaling inofamba inomhanya umo mutambi anomhanya achidzokera kumashure uye anoramba akatarisa pa quarterback nevanogamuchira uye obva aita nokukurumidza) uye kubata.

Kuchengetedza (FS kana SS)

Chekupedzisira, pane maviri akachengeteka: yemahara chengetedzo (FS) uye yakasimba chengetedzo (SS).

Iwo akachengeteka ndiwo mutsara wekupedzisira wekudzivirira (kure kure nemutsara wekunyora) uye kazhinji anobatsira makona kudzivirira kupfuura.

Kuchengetedzeka kwakasimba kunowanzo kuve kwakakura uye kwakasimba kwezviviri, kupa chengetedzo yakawedzerwa pamitambo yekumhanya nekumira pane imwe nzvimbo pakati pekuchengetedzwa kwemahara uye mutsara we scrimmage.

Kuchengetedzeka kwemahara kunowanzo diki uye nekukurumidza uye kunopa kuwedzera kuvharika kwepasi.

Chii chinonzi Special Teams?

Zvikwata zvakakosha mayuniti anenge ari munhandare panguva yekickoff, makick emahara, punts uye kuedza kwechinangwa chemumunda, uye mamwe mapoinzi.

Vazhinji vezvikwata zvakakosha vatambi vanewo mhosva uye/kana basa rekudzivirira. Asi kunewo vatambi vanongotamba muzvikwata zvakakosha.

Zvikwata zvakakosha zvinosanganisira:

• timu yekutangisa
• chikwata chekudzokera shure
• timu ye punting
• poindi imwe inovharisa/kudzosera timu
• timu yechinangwa chemumunda
• chikwata chinovharisa chinangwa chemumunda

Mapoka akakosha akasiyana nekuti anogona kushanda semayuniti anogumbura kana anodzivirira uye anongoonekwa pano neapo panguva yemutambo.

Mamiriro ezvikwata zvakakosha anogona kunge akasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune akajairwa anogumbura uye ekudzivirira kutamba, uye saka rimwe boka revatambi rinodzidziswa kuita mabasa aya.

Kunyange zvazvo paine mapoinzi mashoma anowanikwa pazvikwata zvakasiyana pane pakukanganisa, kutamba kwezvikwata zvakakosha kunoratidza kuti kurwisa kumwe nokumwe kunotangira papi, uye nokudaro kune pesvedzero huru pakuti kuri nyore kana kuti kwakaoma sei kuti anorwisa awane.

Tanga

Kick off, kana kick-off, inzira yekutanga mutambo munhabvu.

Hunhu hwekutambisa ndehwekuti chikwata chimwe chete - 'timu yekukaba' - inokavira bhora kune anopikisana nayo - 'timu inogamuchira'.

Chikwata chinotambira chinobva chave nekodzero yekudzosa bhora, kureva kuti, edza kutora bhora nepazvinogona kusvika kunzvimbo yekupedzisira yetimu yekukava (kana kukora touchdown), kusvikira mutambi ane bhora abatwa nechikwata chinokanha. kana kubuda kunze kwemunda (kunze kwemiganhu).

Kickoffs inoitika pakutanga kwehafu yega yega mushure mekunge chinangwa chanwisa uye dzimwe nguva pakutanga kweawavha.

Kava ndiye ane basa rekukanda mutambo uyu uyewo mutambi ari kuedza chinangwa chemumunda.

Kick off inopfurwa kubva pasi bhora richiiswa pamubati.

Mupfuti, anozivikanwawo semupfuri, mupepeti, headhunter, kana kamikaze, mutambi anoiswa panguva yekickoffs ne punts uye anoita zvekumhanya zvakanyanya achidzika necheparutivi mukuyedza kuwana kick kana punt anodzosa (verenga nezve izvi. ) kubata zvakanyanya zvakananga).

Chinangwa chemutambi wewedge ndechekumhanya nepakati penhandare pakick offs.

Ibasa rake kukanganisa madziro ezvivhariso ('wedge') kudzivirira anodzosa kick off kuti asave nemukoto wekudzoka.

Kuve wedge buster inzvimbo ine njodzi sezvo anowanzo mhanya nekumhanya kuzere kana asangana nemuvharidzi.

Tanga kudzoka

Kana mutambo uchitanga, chikwata chekudzokera shure cherimwe chikamu chiri munhandare.

Chinangwa chekupedzisira chekudzoka kwekutanga ndechekuita kuti bhora rive pedyo nepaunogona napo kusvika kunzvimbo yekupedzisira (kana kuhwina kana zvichibvira).

Nekuti apo kick off returner (KR) inokwanisa kutakura bhora ndipo panotanga mutambo zvakare.

Kugona kwechikwata kutanga zvinogumbura munzvimbo iri nani-kupfuura-avhareji inowedzera mukana wekubudirira.

Izvi zvinoreva kuti, padyo nenzvimbo yekupedzisira, ndipo panobva panyanya mukana wekuti timu iwane kubata-bata.

The kick off return team inofanira kushanda pamwe chete zvakanaka, ne kick off returner (KR) ichiedza kubata bhora mushure mekunge timu inopikisa yarova bhora, uye vamwe vose veboka vachichenesa nzira nekuvharira muvengi.

Zvinogoneka kuti kick ine simba inokonzeresa kuti bhora rigumire pakick off yechikwata chekudzoka.

Pakadaro, mutambi wekick off haafaniri kumhanya nebhora.

Pane kudaro, anogona kuisa bhora pasi munzvimbo yekupedzisira ye 'touchback', nechikwata chake vachibvuma kutanga kutamba kubva pamakumi maviri-yadhi mutsara.

Kana KR akabata bhora mumunda wekutamba odzokera kunzvimbo yekupedzisira, anofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuburitsa bhora kunze kwenzvimbo yekupedzisira zvakare.

Kana akabatwa munzvimbo yekupedzisira, timu yekukanda inowana chengetedzo uye inowana mapoinzi maviri.

Punting timu

Mumutambo we punt, timu ye punting inomira pamutsetse we scrimmage ne punt akaita mudungwe anenge mayadhi gumi nemashanu kumashure kwepakati.

Chikwata chinogashira - mudzvanyiriri - akagadzirira kubata bhora, sekunge kava.

Pakati inotora nguva refu kune mutambi, uyo anobata bhora uye anoputika munhandare.

Mutambi werimwe divi anobata bhora anenge aine kodzero yekuedza kufambisira mberi bhora nepaanogona napo.

Nzvimbo yenhabvu inowanzoitika pa4th pasi apo kurwiswa kwakundikana kusvika kune yekutanga pasi panguva yekutanga kuyedza katatu uye iri munzvimbo isingafadzi yekuyedza chinangwa chemunda.

Nehunyanzvi, timu inogona kunongedza bhora pane chero mapoinzi epasi, asi izvo zvingave zvisina basa.

Mhedzisiro yekumhanya kwakajairika ndeyekutanga pasi kune timu inotambira uko:

• mugamuchiri weboka rinogamuchira anobatwa kana kuti anoenda kunze kwemitsetse yemunda;
• bhora rinobuda kunze kwemiganhu, kana kutiza kana mushure mekurova pasi;
• pane kubata-bata kusiri pamutemo: kana mutambi wechikwata chinokanha ari mutambi wekutanga kubata bhora mushure mekunge apfura nepamutsara wekirimu;
• kana kuti bhora rakambomira mukati memitsetse yemunda risina kubatwa.

Zvimwe zvinogoneka mhedzisiro ndezvekuti iyo poindi yakavharwa kuseri kwemutsara wekunyora, uye bhora rinobatwa, asi harina kubatwa kana kubatwa, nechikwata chinotambira.

Chero zvazvingava, bhora rinobva “rakasununguka” uye “kurarama” uye richava rechikwata chinozopedzisira chabata bhora.

Chikwata chekuvharisa/kudzorera

Kana chimwe chezvikwata chagadzirira kuita mapoinzi, chikwata chinopikisa chinounza chibodzwa chavo chekuvharisa/kudzosera timu panhandare.

Mudzori we punt (PR) ane basa rekubata bhora mushure mekunge rarohwa uye kupa timu yake nzvimbo yakanaka yekumisa (kana kubata pasi kana zvichibvira) nekudzosa bhora.

Saka chinangwa chakafanana nekutanga.

Asati abata bhora, mudzori anofanira kuongorora mamiriro akaita zvinhu munhandare bhora richiri mudenga.

Anofanira kuona kuti zvine pundutso here kuti chikwata chake chimhanye nebhora.

Kana zvikaita sekuti mudzvanyiriri anenge ave padhuze nePR panguva yaanobata bhora, kana zvikaita sekuti bhora richaperera munzvimbo yake yekugumisira, PR inogona kusarudza kusatamba nebhora. uye sarudza imwe yeinotevera sarudzo mbiri pane:

1. Kumbira "fair catch" nekupuruzira ruoko rumwe pamusoro pemusoro wake asati abata bhora. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutambo unopera achangobata bhora; Chikwata chePR chinotora bhora panzvimbo inobatwa uye hapana kuedza kudzoka kunogona kuitwa. Kubata kwakanaka kunoderedza mukana wekupusha kana kukuvara nekuti inova nechokwadi chekuti PR yakachengetedzwa zvizere. Mupikisi haafaniri kubata PR kana kuedza kuvhiringidza kubata nenzira ipi zvayo mushure mokunge chiratidzo chekubata chakanaka chapiwa.
2. Dzivisa bhora uye rega rirove pasi† Izvi zvinogona kuitika kana bhora rakapinda munzvimbo yekupedzisira yeboka rePR rekubata-bata (apo bhora rinoiswa pamutsetse weyadhi makumi maviri neshanu uye kutamba kunotanga zvakare kubva ipapo), kuenda kunze kwemitsetse yemunda kana kuzozorora mumunda we. tamba uye uri 'pasi' nemutambi wetimu inoridza bhora ("to down a ball" zvinoreva kuti mutambi ane bhora anomisa kufamba achienda mberi nekupfugama nebvi rimwe. Kuita kwakadaro kunoratidza kupera kwechiito).

Iyo yekupedzisira ndiyo yakachengeteka sarudzo, sezvo ichibvisa zvachose mukana wekupusha uye inovimbisa kuti timu yeanodzosa inowana bhora.

Nekudaro, zvinopawo mukana wekuti timu ye punting iteye timu yePR mukati menzvimbo yavo.

Izvi hazvingogone kupa iyo punt kudzoka timu nzvimbo yakaipa yemunda, asi inogona kutotungamira kune chengetedzo (mapoinzi maviri kune anopikisa).

Kuchengetedzeka kunoitika kana mutambi ane timu inodzosa akarwiswa kana 'kudonhedza bhora' munzvimbo yake yekugumisira.

Field goal team

Apo boka rinosarudza kuedza chinangwa chemunda, chikwata chechinangwa chemunda chinopinda muchiito nevatambi vose kunze kwevaviri vakarongedzerwa pamwe chete kana pedyo nemutsara wekunyora.

Mutambi nemubati (mutambi anogamuchira snapper kubva kune refu snapper) vari kure.

Panzvimbo pepakati penguva dzose, timu inogona kunge iine snapper refu, uyo akadzidzira kudzvanya bhora pakuedza kick uye punts.

Mubati anowanzo zviisa pachezvake pamayadhi manomwe kusvika masere kuseri kwemutsara wekunyora, neanorova mayadhi mashoma kumashure kwake.

Kana agamuchira snap, muridzi anobata bhora akaridzika pasi, nekusonwa kure neanokava.

Muteveri anotanga kufamba kwayo panguva yekukurumidza, saka snapper nemubati vane muganho mudiki wekukanganisa.

Chikanganiso chimwe chidiki chinogona kukanganisa kuedza kwese.

Zvichienderana nezera rekutamba, kana rasvika pamubati, bhora rinosimudzwa nerubber tee (chikuva chidiki chekuisa bhora) kana kuti pasi (mukoreji uye padanho rehunyanzvi. )

Mutambi, uyo anoona nezvekickoffs, ndiye zvakare anoedza chinangwa chemumunda. Chinangwa chemumunda chakakosha mapoinzi matatu.

Kuvharisa chinangwa chemumunda

Kana chikwata chechikwata chemumunda chechinangwa chiri munhandare, chikwata chekuvharisa chinangwa chechimwe chinoshanda.

Iwo anodzivirira linemen emumunda chinangwa chinovharisa timu inomira padyo nepakati anobvuta bhora, nekuti nzira inokurumidza kuenda kuchinangwa chemumunda kana yekuwedzera poindi yekuedza iri nepakati.

The field goal blocking team ndicho chikwata chinoedza kudzivirira chinangwa chemumunda uye nekudaro chinoda kudzivirira mhosva kubva pakuhwina mapoinzi matatu.

Bhora rakareba mayadhi manomwe kubva pamutsetse wezvinyorwa, zvichireva kuti varidzi vemitsetse vachafanira kuyambuka nzvimbo iyi kuti vadzivise kukikwa.

Kana dziviriro ikavharisa kukikwa kwekurwiswa, vanogona kudzoreredza bhora vonokora TD (6 mapoinzi).

Mhedziso

Iwe unoona, nhabvu yeAmerica mutambo wehunyanzvi uko iwo chaiwo mabasa anotorwa nevatambi akakosha.

Zvino zvawava kuziva kuti aya angave mabasa api, ungango tarisa mutambo unotevera zvishoma.

Unoda kutamba American Football iwe pachako? Tanga kutenga bhora rakanakisa reAmerican Soccer kunze uko

Joost Nusselder, muvambi weerefesi.eu mushambadzi wemukati, baba uye anoda kunyora nezvemarudzi ese emitambo, uye akatambawo mitambo yakawanda iye huzhinji hwehupenyu hwake. Zvino kubva 2016, iye nechikwata chake vanga vachigadzira zvinobatsira blog zvinyorwa zvekubatsira vaverengi vakavimbika nemitambo yavo yemitambo.