Nhabvu yekuAmerica chii uye inotambwa sei? Mitemo, mutambo wekutamba & zvirango

Nhabvu yeAmerica yakatanga semusiyano we Rugby uye nhabvu uye nekufamba kwenguva ndiwo mitemo yemutambo yakachinja.

Nhabvu yekuAmerica mutambo wetimu wemakwikwi. Chinangwa chemutambo ndechekuwana zvibodzwa zvakawanda sezvinobvira. Mapoinzi mazhinji anowanikwa kuburikidza neimwe bata pasi by the Bal in the end zone kubva kune chimwe chikwata.

Muchikamu chino ini ndichatsanangura chaizvo izvo nhabvu yeAmerica uye kuti mutambo unotambwa sei, kune vanotanga!

Nhabvu yeAmerica ndeimwe yemitambo mikuru yekuNorth America. Kunyangwe mutambo uyu uchiitwa pasi rese, unoramba uchinyanya kufarirwa muAmerica.

Mhedzisiro yemutambo ndeye Super Bowl; yekupedzisira pakati pezviviri zvakanakisisa NFL zvikwata zvinoonekwa nemamiriyoni evanhu pasi rose gore negore (kubva munhandare kana kumba). 

Bhora rinogona kugumira ipapo nekurimhanyisa mune ino inonzi end zone kana kubata bhora kumagumo.

Kunze kwekubata-bata, kune zvakare dzimwe nzira dzekukora.

Iye anokunda ndiye timu ine mapoinzi akawanda pakupera kwenguva yepamutemo. Zvisinei, dhirowa inogona kuitika.

MuUS neCanada, nhabvu yekuAmerica inongonzi 'nhabvu'. Kunze kweUS neCanada, mutambo uyu unowanzo kunzi "American nhabvu" (kana dzimwe nguva "gridiron nhabvu" kana "tackle nhabvu") kusiyanisa kubva kunhabvu (nhabvu).

Semumwe wemitambo yakaomarara pasi rese, nhabvu yekuAmerica ine mitemo yakawanda uye michina inoita kuti ive yakasiyana.

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Mutambo uyu unonakidza kutamba asiwo kuona sezvo uchisanganisira musanganiswa wakakwana wekutamba kwemuviri uye zano pakati pezvikwata zviviri zvinokwikwidza. 

Chii chinonzi NFL (National Soccer League)?

Nhabvu yekuAmerica ndiwo mutambo unotariswa zvakanyanya muUnited States. Muongororo yevaAmerica, unoonekwa semutambo wavo wavanofarira nevazhinji vakapindura.

Zviyero zvenhabvu yeAmerica zvinodarika zvemimwe mitambo. 

National Soccer League (NFL) ndiyo hombe nyanzvi yenhabvu yeAmerica muUnited States. Iyo NFL ine 32 zvikwata zvakakamurwa kuita misangano miviri, iyo American Nhabvu Musangano (AFC) uye National Football Conference (NFC). 

Musangano wega wega wakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina, Maodzanyemba, Maodzanyemba, Mabvazuva neMadokero nezvikwata zvina mune chimwe nechimwe.

Mutambo weshasha, weSuper Bowl, unotariswa neinoda kusvika hafu yemhuri dzeterevhizheni dzeU.S. uye unoratidzwa paterevhizheni mune dzimwe nyika dzinopfuura zana nemakumi mashanu.

Zuva remutambo, Super Bowl Svondo, izuva iro vateveri vazhinji vanokanda mapato kuti vaone mutambo uye kukoka shamwari nemhuri kuzodya kwemanheru uye kuona mutambo.

Rinoonekwa nevakawanda sezuva guru regore.

Chinangwa chemutambo

Chinangwa chenhabvu yeAmerica kuhwina mapoinzi akawanda kupfuura mudzvanyiriri wako panguva yakatarwa. 

Chikwata chiri kurwisa chinofanirwa kufambisa bhora kutenderedza nhandare mumatanho kuti pakupedzisira vapinze bhora mu 'end zone' kuitira 'touchdown' (chinangwa). Izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa nekubata bhora munzvimbo ino yekupedzisira, kana kumhanyisa bhora munzvimbo yekupedzisira. Asi imwe chete yekupfuura inobvumidzwa mumutambo wega wega.

Chikwata chega chega chiri kurwisa chinowana mikana mina ('downs') yekufambisa bhora mayadhi gumi mberi, kusvika kunzvimbo yekupedzisira yeanopikisa, kureva kudzivirira.

Kana timu iri kurwisa yanyatsofamba mayadhi gumi, inohwina yekutanga pasi, kana imwe seti yezvina pasi kuti ifambire mberi mayadhi gumi.

Kana 4 pasi yapfuura uye timu yakundikana kuita mayadhi gumi, bhora rinopfuudzwa kune boka rinodzivirira, iro rinozoenda kune mhosva.

mutambo wepanyama

Nhabvu yeAmerica mutambo wekusangana, kana mutambo wepanyama. Kudzivirira anorwisa kuti asamhanye nebhora, mudziviriri anofanira kubata mutakuri webhora. 

Saka nekudaro, vatambi vanodzivirira vanofanirwa kushandisa imwe nzira yekubata kumeso kumisa mutakuri webhora, mukati memimwe mitemo uye nhungamiro.

MaDefenders haafanire kukava, kukanda zvibhakera kana kukanganisa mutakuri webhora.

Havagoniwo mask yechiso pahelmet kubata mupikisi kana ne ngowani yavo tanga kubata muviri.

Mamwe maitiro mazhinji ekugadzirisa ari pamutemo.

Vatambi vanodikanwa midziyo yekudzivirira yakakosha kupfeka, senge ngowani yepurasitiki yakaputirwa, mapepa epafudzi, mahip pads nemabvi emabvi. 

Pasinei nemidziyo yekudzivirira uye mitemo yekusimbisa kuchengetedza, Kukuvara kunowanikwa munhabvu here?.

Semuyenzaniso, zviri kuita zvishoma nezvishoma zvekumhanya kumashure (avo vanonyanya kurova) muNFL kuti vapedze mwaka wese pasina kukuvara.

Kukurukurirana kunowanikwawo: Maererano neBrain Injury Association yeArizona, vanenge 41.000 vadzidzi vechikoro chesekondari vanotambura mhirizhonga gore negore. 

Mureza nhabvu uye yekubata nhabvu misiyano ine mhirizhonga yemutambo iri kuwedzera mukurumbira uye kuwedzera kutariswa pasi rese.

Mureza nhabvu zvakare zvingangoita kuti uve mutambo weOlympic rimwe zuva

Chikwata chenhabvu chekuAmerica chakakura sei?

MuNFL, vatambi makumi mana nevatanhatu vanoshanda vanobvumidzwa pachikwata chimwe chete pazuva remutambo.

Semagumo Ko vatambi vane mabasa akasarudzika, uye vangangoita vese makumi mana nevatanhatu vatambi vanoshanda pachikwata cheNFL vachatamba mumutambo wese. 

Chikwata chega chega chine nyanzvi mu'kukanganisa' (kurwisa), 'defense' (defense) nezvikwata zvakakosha, asi haambove nevatambi vanopfuura gumi nemumwe vari munhandare chero nguva. 

Mhosva yacho inowanzo konzeresa kugohwesa touchdowns uye zvibodzwa zvemumunda.

Dziviriro inofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti mhosva haina zvibodzwa, uye zvikwata zvakakosha zvinoshandiswa kuchinja nzvimbo dzemunda.

Kusiyana neruzhinji rwemitambo yakaungana, uko mutambo une simba kuitira kuti zvikwata zviviri zvirwise nekudzivirira panguva imwe chete, izvi handizvo munhabvu yeAmerica.

Mhosva ndeyei?

Mhosva, sezvatichangodzidza, ine vatambi vanotevera:

• Iyo Inogumbura Mutsetse: Vaviri Varindi, Vaviri Tackles, uye Center
• Yakapamhama/slot vanogamuchira: maviri kusvika mashanu
• Migumo yakaoma: imwe kana maviri
• Kumhanya kumashure: imwe kana maviri
• Quarterback

Basa remutsetse unogumbura ndiye mupfuuri (munguva zhinji, the quarterback) uye jekesa nzira yevamhanyi (vanomhanya kumashure) nekuvharira nhengo dzekudzivirira.

Vatambi ava ndivo vanowanzove vatambi vakuru munhandare. Kunze kwepakati, linemen anogumbura kazhinji haabati bhora.

Vagamuchiri vakakura vanobata bhora kana zvivharo pamitambo yekumhanya. Vatambi vakawanda vanofanira kukurumidza uye vane maoko akanaka ekubata bhora. Wide receivers vanowanzova vakareba, vanokurumidza kutamba.

Migumo yakasimba inobata musungo kana zvivharo pane mimwe mitambo inopfuura nekumhanya. Tight ends mutsetse kumagumo etambo yekugumburisa.

Vanogona kuita basa rakafanana nevagamuchiri vakafara (kubata mabhora) kana linemen inogumbura (kudzivirira QB kana kugadzira nzvimbo yevamhanyi).

Migumo yakamanikana isanganiswa yakasanganiswa pakati peaneman anogumbura nea yakafara inogamuchira. Mugumo wakamanikana wakakura zvekuti unogona kutamba pamutsara unogumbura uye unomhanya semutambi wakafara.

Running backs run ("rush") nebhora asi wovharira quarterback mune mimwe mitambo.

Kumhanya kumashure kunokwira kumashure kana padivi peQB. Vatambi ava vanowanzotakwa uye zvinoda simba rakawanda remuviri nepfungwa kuti vatambe munzvimbo iyi.

Quarterback kazhinji ndiye anokanda bhora, asi anogonawo kumhanya nebhora pachake kana kupa bhora kumumhanyi kumashure.

The quarterback ndiye anonyanya kukosha mutambi pamunda. Iye ndiye mutambi anozvimisa zvakananga kuseri kwepakati.

Havasi vese vevatambi ava vanenge vari munhandare pamutambo wese wekurwisa. Matimu anogona kusiyanisa nhamba yevatambi vakafara, migumo yakaoma uye inomhanya kumashure panguva.

Kudzivirirwa chii?

Dziviriro ine basa rekumisa kurwiswa nekuvachengeta kubva pakugova mapoinzi.

Zvinotora kwete chete vatambi vakaoma, asi kuranga uye kushanda nesimba kuita chirongwa chekudzivirira mutambo.

Dziviriro inoumbwa nevatambi vakasiyana, vanoti:

• Mutsara wekudzivirira: vatambi vatatu kusvika vatanhatu (defensive tackles uye magumo ekudzivirira)
• Defensive backs: Vanenge vatambi vatatu, uye ava vanowanzozivikanwa sekuchengetedza kana makona
• Linebackers: vatatu kana vana
• Kicker
• Borrow

Mutsetse wekudzivirira wakamisikidzwa zvakanangana nemutsara unogumbura. Mutsara wekudzivirira unoedza kumisa quarterback uye kumhanya kumashure kwechikwata chinogumbura.

Kufanana nemutsara unogumbura, vatambi vari pamutsara wekudzivirira ndivo vatambi vakuru mukudzivirira. Vanofanira kukwanisa kuita nekukurumidza uye kutamba nemuviri.

Makona nemasafety anonyanyo edza kudzivirira vanotambira kuti vasabate bhora. Dzimwe nguva vanoisawo pressure pa quarterback.

Defensive backs vanowanzova vatambi vanomhanyisa panhandare nekuti vanofanirwa kukwanisa kudzivirira vanogashira vanokurumidza.

Ivowo kazhinji ndivo vanonyanya kumhanya, sezvo vachifanira kushanda kumashure, kumberi uye kudivi kune rimwe divi.

Linebackers vanowanzo edza kumisa kumhanyisa kumashure uye vanogona kugamuchira uye kubata iyo quarterback (tacking quarterback inozivikanwawo se "saga").

Vanomira pakati pemutsara wekudzivirira uye misana yekudzivirira. Linebackers kazhinji ndivo vatambi vakasimba panhandare.

Ndivo vatungamiri vedziviriro uye vane mutoro wekushevedza mitambo yekudzivirira.

Mutambi anokanda zvibodzwa zvemumunda uye akatanga.

Mutambi anokava bhora pa'punts'. Punt kukinha uko mutambi anodonhedza bhora okavira bhora akananga kuchikwata chinodzivirira nguva isati yasvika pasi. 

Chii chinonzi Special Teams?

Chikamu chechitatu uye chekupedzisira chechikwata chimwe nechimwe zvikwata zvakakosha.

Zvikwata zvakakosha zvinotarisa nzvimbo yemunda uye kupinda mundima mumamiriro akasiyana, anoti:

1. Tanga (kudzoka)
2. Point (kudzoka)
3. Chinangwa chemunda

Mutambo wese unotanga nekutanga. Mutambi anoisa bhora papuratifomu orikavira kure sezvinobvira akananga kuchikwata chiri kurwisa.

Chikwata chichatambira kick-off (kickoff return team) chichaedza kugamha bhora nekumhanya nekumashure sezvinobvira naro.

Mushure mekunge mutakuri webhora abatwa, kutamba kwapera uye zvikwata zvakakosha zvinobuda munhandare.

Chikwata chaive chine bhora chave kuzotamba mukurwisa, uko mutakuri webhora akarwiswa, uye timu inopikisa ichatamba ichidzivirira.

'Punter' ndiye mutambi 'anokanda' kana kukava bhora (asi panguva ino kubva mumaoko).

Semuenzaniso, kana kurwiswa kwasvika mu4th pasi, pane kuedza kutora imwe yekutanga pasi, vanogona kunongedza bhora - kuitumira kure nedivi ravo redare sezvinobvira kuti usaisa pangozi kurasikirwa nebhora zvakare. pedyo nedivi ravo.

Vanogonawo kufunga kuedza kunwisa chinangwa chemumunda.

Chinangwa chemumunda: Kune zvibodzwa zvihombe zveyero zvakabatanidzwa nemuchinjiko kumagumo enhandare yenhabvu yega yega.

Chikwata chinogona kusarudza kuedza kunwisa chibodzwa chemumunda chine mapoinzi matatu.

Maitirwo acho anosanganisira mutambi akabata bhora akatsikitsira pasi uye mumwe mutambi achikava bhora.

Kana kuti pane dzimwe nguva bhora riri kukwira yaiswa uye bhora rinokandwa kubva ipapo.

Bhora rinofanira kupfurwa pamusoro pemuchinjiko uye pakati pembiru. Saka, zvibodzwa zvemumunda zvinowanzotorwa pa4th pasi kana pakupera kwemutambo.

Mutambo wenhabvu wekuAmerica unofamba sei?

Mutambo wenhabvu wekuAmerica une zvikamu zvina ('quarters'), uye wachi inomiswa mushure mechiitiko chega chega.

Pazasi unogona kuverenga kuti mutambo wenhabvu unowanzoitika sei:

1. Mechi yese inotanga nekukandwa kwemari (coin toss)
2. Zvadaro pane kutangisa
3. Nekutanga, nzvimbo yebhora inotemwa uye mutambo unogona kutanga
4. Chikwata chega chega chine 4 kuedza kufambisira mberi bhora mayadhi gumi

Panongotanga mutambo wega wega pane mari inokandwa kuti usarudze kuti ndechipi chikwata chichatanga kutora bhora uye kuti nderipi divi remunda ravanoda kutanga. 

Mutambo unobva watanga nekick-off, kana kuti kickoff, yandabva kutaura nezvayo muzvikwata zvakakosha.

Mutambi wechikwata chinodzivirira anorovera bhora akananga kune chinenge chichipikisa.

Bhora rinokandirwa kubva kumusoro, uye rinotorwa kubva kumba 30-yadhi mutsara (muNFL) kana 35-yadhi mutsetse mukoreji nhabvu.

Mudzori wechikwata chinenge chichipikisa anoedza kubata bhora omhanya kumberi chaiko nebhora.

Kwaanoitwa ndiko kwaanotanga kurwiswa kwacho - kana nhevedzano yemitambo yekurwisa.

Kana mudzori wekick akabata bhora munzvimbo yake yekugumira, anogona kusarudza kumhanya nebhora kana kusarudza kubata-bata nekupfugama munzvimbo yekupedzisira.

Muchiitiko chekupedzisira, timu inogamuchira inotanga dhiraivha yayo inogumbura kubva kune yayo yega 20-yadhi mutsara.

Iyo touchback inoitikawo kana bhora rabuda kunze kwenzvimbo yekupedzisira. Punts uye turnovers munzvimbo yekupedzisira inogonawo kupera mukubata-bata.

Sezvambotaurwa, timu yega yega ine 4 pasi (kuyedza) kufambisira mberi gumi kana anopfuura mayadhi. Zvikwata zvinogona kukanda bhora kana kumhanya nebhora kugadzira mayadhi aya.

Kana timu ichinge yafambira mberi ingangoita mayadhi gumi, vanowana mamwe mayedzo mana.

Kutadza kuita mayadhi gumi mushure me10 pasi kunozokonzera shanduko (nekutora bhora kuenda kune inopikisa timu).

Kuderera kwekutamba kunopera riini?

A pasi inopera, uye bhora 'rafa', mushure meimwe yeinotevera:

• Mutambi ane bhora anounzwa pasi (tackled) kana kufamba kwake mberi kunomiswa nenhengo dzechikwata chinopikisa.
• A forward pass inobhururuka kunze kwemiganhu kana kurova pasi isati yabatwa. Izvi zvinozivikanwa sepasina kukwana. Bhora rinodzoserwa panzvimbo yaro yepakutanga mudare kune rinotevera pasi.
• Bhora kana mutambi ane bhora anobuda kunze kwemiganhu.
• A timu zvibodzwa.
• Pakubata-bata: kana bhora 'rafa' munzvimbo yekugumisira yechikwata uye mudzvanyiriri ndiye akapa bhora simba rakakonzera kuti rifambe pamusoro pemutsara wechinangwa munzvimbo yekupedzisira.

Vatambi vanoridza muridzo kuti vatambi vese vazive kuti pasi papera. Downs inozivikanwawo se'mitambo'.

Iwe unowana sei mapoinzi muAmerican nhabvu?

Pane nzira dzakati wandei dzekukora mapoinzi munhabvu yeAmerica. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeyechokwadi touchdown, iyo inobereka mapoinzi akawanda. 

Asi pane dzimwe nzira:

1. Touchdown
2. PAT (chinangwa chemunda) kana kutendeuka-mapoinzi maviri
3. Chinangwa chemunda (chero nguva)
4. sarudza matanhatu
5. chengetedzo

Iwe unokora touchdown - iyo inoburitsa isingasviki matanhatu mapoinzi - nekumhanya nebhora munzvimbo yekupedzisira, kana kubata bhora munzvimbo yekupedzisira. 

Mushure mekurova touchdown, timu yakanwisa ine sarudzo mbiri.

Pamwe inosarudza imwe poindi ('imwe-poindi shanduko', 'yekuwedzera poindi' kana 'PAT'= poindi mushure mekudonha') kuburikidza nechinangwa chemunda.

Sarudzo iyi ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa nekuti zvave nyore kunwisa chibodzwa chemumunda sezvo chikwata chiri kurwisa chisiri kure nekumisikidzwa.

Chikwata chinogona zvakare kusarudza kuita shanduko yemapoinzi maviri.

Uku ndiko kuyedza kuita imwe touchdown, kubva pamayadhi maviri, uye kubata uku kwakakosha mapoinzi maviri.

Sezvineiwo, timu inogona kuedza kupfura bhora nepazvibodzwa chero nguva (chinangwa chemumunda), asi zvikwata zvinowanzoita izvi kana zvakanyanya kana zvishoma pakati pemayadhi makumi maviri nemakumi mana kubva pachinangwa.

Chikwata hachifanire kuisa pangozi kukikwa kwemumunda kana chiri kure nekumiriro, sezvo kure, kunowedzera kuoma kupinza bhora nemumatanda.

Kana chinangwa chemumunda chakundikana, mudzvanyiriri anogamuchira bhora pakaroverwa bhora.

Chinangwa chemumunda chinowanzo tariswa mukupedzisira pasi, uye kukanda kunobudirira kunokwana mapoinzi matatu.

Pachinangwa chemumunda, mumwe mutambi anobata bhora akachinjika pasi, uye mumwe anopfura bhora nepakati pezvibodzwa uye pamusoro pemuchinjiko kuseri kwenzvimbo yekupedzisira.

Kunyange zvazvo kazhinji iri mhosva iyo inotora zvibodzwa, dziviriro inogonawo kuwana mapoinzi.

Kana mudziviriri akabvuta pfumo ('nhonga') kana kumanikidza mutambi anopikisa (kudonhedza) bhora, vanogona kumhanyisa bhora kunzvimbo yekupedzisira yeanopikisana nemapoinzi matanhatu, anozivikanwawo se'nhonga inonzi nhanhatu'.

Kuchengeteka kunoitika kana timu inodzivirira ikakwanisa kubata anorwisa munzvimbo yavo yekuguma; nekuda kweizvi, timu inodzivirira inogamuchira 2 mapoinzi.

Kumwe kutadza (kunyanya kuvharira mafouls) kunoitwa nekurwisa vatambi munzvimbo yekupedzisira zvakare kunokonzeresa kuchengeteka.

Chikwata chine mapoinzi akawanda pakupera kwemutambo chinonzi chakunda.

Kana mapoinzi akasungwa, imwe nguva yakawedzerwa inosvika pakutamba zvikwata zvichitamba chikamu chekuwedzera kusvika akunda.

Mutambo wenhabvu wekuAmerica unotora nguva yakareba sei?

Mutambo unotora 'makota' mana emaminitsi gumi nemashanu (kana dzimwe nguva maminitsi gumi nemaviri, semuenzaniso muzvikoro zvepamusoro).

Izvi zvinofanirwa kureva huwandu hwemaminetsi makumi matanhatu enguva yekutamba, ungafunga.

Zvisinei, stopwatch inomiswa mumamiriro mazhinji; semafouls, kana chikwata chaita zvibodzwa kana papass hapana anobata bhora risati rabata pasi ("incomplete pass").

Wachi inotanga kumhanya zvakare kana bhora raiswa zvakare munhandare nemuridzi.

Mutambo nokudaro wakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina zvemaminitsi gumi nemaviri kana gumi nemashanu.

Pakati pe1st ne2nd uye 3rd uye 4th quarters kuzorora kwemaminetsi maviri anotorwa uye pakati pe2nd uye 2rd quarters zororo re3 kana 12 maminitsi anotorwa (nguva yekuzorora).

Nekuda kwekuti chimisawachi chinowanzo miswa, mutambo unogona dzimwe nguva kusvika maawa matatu.

Mushure mekota yega yega, zvikwata zvinochinjana. Chikwata chine bhora chinoramba chiripo kwechikamu chinotevera.

Chikwata chinorwisa chine masekonzi makumi mana kubva pakupera kwemutambo wakapihwa kuti utange mutambo mutsva.

Kana timu isiri panguva, icharangwa nekuderera kwemayadhi mashanu.

Kana ikasungwa mushure memaminitsi makumi matanhatu, imwe nguva yekuwedzera yemaminitsi gumi nemashanu icharidzwa. MuNFL, timu inohwina kubata pasi pekutanga (kufa kamwe kamwe) inokunda.

Chinangwa chemumunda chinogonawo kuita kuti timu ikunde munguva yekuwedzera, asi chete kana zvikwata zvese zvirizvo zvine nhabvu.

Mumutambo weNFL wenguva dzose, uko pasina timu inowana zvibodzwa munguva yakawandisa, tayi inoramba iripo. Mumutambo weNFL playoff, nguva yakawedzerwa inoridzwa, kana zvichidikanwa, kuona anokunda.

Koreji overtime mitemo yakanyanya kuoma.

Chii chinonzi timeout?

Varairidzi vechikwata chega-chega vanotenderwa kukumbira nguva yekuzorora, sezvinoitwa mune mimwe mitambo.

Nguva-yekupedza nguva inogona kukumbirwa nemurairidzi nekugadzira maoko ake muchimiro che'T' uye kutaura izvi kune muridzi wepembe.

Nguva-yekubuda inguva pfupi yekuti murairidzi ataure nechikwata chake, kutyora kumhanya kwechikwata chinopikisa, kuzorora vatambi, kana kudzivirira kunonoka kana chirango chemutambo.

Chikwata chega-chega chine kodzero yekupedza nguva 3 pahafu. Kana murairidzi achida kudaidza nguva-yekubuda, anofanirwa kutaura izvi kune mutambi.

Wachi inomiswa panguva yekumira. Vatambi vane nguva yekubata kufema kwavo, kunwa, uye vatambi vanogonawo kutsiviwa.

Munhabvu yekukoreji, timu yega yega inowana nguva dze3 pahafu. Nguva yega yega-yekubuda inogona kusvika kumasekonzi makumi mapfumbamwe.

Kana nguva-kunze ikasashandiswa muhafu yekutanga, inogona kusatakurwa muhafu yechipiri.

Mukufamba kwenguva, timu yega yega inowana nguva yekubuda pakota, zvisinei nekuti vakapedza mutambo nenguva ngani.

Nguva yekupedza nguva ndeyekusarudza uye haifanirwe kushandiswa.

Zvakare muNFL, timu yega yega inowana 3 timeouts pahafu, asi nguva yekubuda inogona kusvika maminetsi maviri. Mukufamba kwenguva, timu yega yega inowana maviri-nguva-yakabuda.

Bhora rinoitwa sei?

Hafu yega yega inotanga nekick-off kana kickoff. Asi zvikwata zvinotangawo mushure mekurova ma touchdowns uye zvibodzwa zvemumunda. 

Kunze kwekutanga kwehafu uye mushure mechibodzwa, bhora, anonziwo dehwe renguruve, nguva dzose inounzwa mukutamba ne'snap'. 

Pane imwe nguva, vatambi vanorwisa vanosimuka vachidzivirira vatambi pamutsara wekunyora (mutsetse wekufungidzira pamunda unotanga kutamba).

Mumwe mutambi anogumbura, wepakati, anobva apfuudza (kana kuti "anoputika") bhora pakati pemakumbo ake kune waanoshanda naye, kazhinji quarterback.

Iyo quarterback inobva yaunza bhora mukutamba.

Mushure mekuchengetedza - kana timu inodzivirira ichinge yakwanisa kutarisana neanorwisa munzvimbo yayo yekumagumo - (musavhiringa izvi nenzvimbo yekuchengetedzeka!) - timu iri kurwisa inodzosa bhora mukutamba nepoinzi kana kukava kubva pamakumi maviri aro. yard line.

Chikwata chinenge chichipikisa chinofanirwa kubata bhora vounza kumberi mberi sezvinobvira (kick off return) kuitira kuti kurwiswa kwavo kugozotanga zvakare panzvimbo yakanaka.

Vatambi vangafambisa sei bhora?

Vatambi vanogona kufambisa bhora nenzira mbiri:

1. Nekumhanya nebhora
2. Nekukanda bhora

Kumhanya nebhora kunonziwo 'kumhanya'. Kazhinji quarterback inopa bhora kune waanoshanda naye.

Pamusoro pezvo, bhora rinogona kukandwa, iro rinozivikanwa se 'forward pass'. Kupfuura kumberi chinhu chakakosha icho inosiyanisa nhabvu yeAmerica kubva, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, rugby.

Anorwisa anogona chete kukanda bhora mberi kamwe pamutambo uye chete kubva kuseri kwemutsara we scrimmage. Bhora rinogona kukandwa kudivi kana kumashure chero nguva.

Rudzi rwekupfuura urwu rwunozivikanwa se lateral pass uye haruwanzike munhabvu yekuAmerica pane yerugby.

Unochinja sei kubata bhora?

Kana zvikwata zvichichinjana, timu ichangobva kutamba nekutadza chavachatamba ichidzivirira, neimwe nzira.

Shanduko yepfuma inoitika mumamiriro anotevera:

• Kana kurwisa kwacho kusati kwaenda mberi kwemayadhi gumi mushure mekudzika mana 
• Mushure mekutora touchdown kana chinangwa chemumunda
• Chinangwa chemunda chakundikana
• Kuderera
• Punting
• Kubata
• chengetedzo

Kana mushure me 4 downs, timu inorwisa yatadza kufambisa bhora mberi kwemayadhi gumi, timu inopikisa inowana kutonga kwebhora pakapera kutamba.

Kuchinja kwechinhu uku kunowanzo kunzi "turnover on downs."

Kana mhosva ikanwisa kana chibodzwa chemumunda, chikwata ichi chinobva charovera bhora kune chimwe chinenge chichikwikwidza, icho chinozotora bhora.

Kana timu inorwisa ikatadza kunwisa chinangwa chemumunda, timu inopikisa inowana kutonga kwebhora uye mutambo mutsva unotanga pakatangira mutambo wapfuura (kana muNFL pakaroverwa bhora).

Kana iyo (yakakundikana) kick yakatorwa mukati memayadhi makumi maviri enzvimbo yekupedzisira, timu inopikisa inowana bhora pamutsetse wayo wemayadhi makumi maviri (kureva, mayadhi makumi maviri kubva kunzvimbo yekupedzisira).

Fumble inoitika apo mutambi ari kurwisa anodonhedza bhora mushure mekunge arigamha kana, kazhinji, mushure mekutamba kwakamumanikidza kudonhedza bhora.

Bhora rinogona kudzoserwa neanopikisa (defence).

Sezvinoita zvekubira (ona pazasi), mutambi anotora bhora anogona kumhanya nebhora kusvika abatwa kana kumanikidzwa kubuda pamiganhu.

Fumbles uye interceptions dzinonzi pamwe chete "turnovers."

Pane imwe nguva, timu iri kurwisa inopfura bhora (sezvinogoneka) rakananga kuchikwata chinodzivirira, sepakukikwa.

Punts - sezvambotaurwa - dzinogara dzichiitwa pachina pasi, apo timu inorwisa isingadi kuisa pangozi kupfuudza bhora kune rinopikisa panzvimbo yaro parizvino panhandare (nekuda kwekutadza kuedza kuita wekutanga pasi) uye anofunga kuti bhora riri kure zvakanyanya kubva kune zvibodzwa kuti uedze chinangwa chemumunda.

Kana mutambi anodzivirira atambira pasi kubva kuchikwata chiri kurwisa kubva mumhepo ('interception'), timu inodzivirira inenge iine bhora pakarepo.

Mutambi arikunangira anogona kumhanya nebhora kusvika rabatwa kana kubuda kunze kwemitsetse yenhandare.

Mushure mekunge mutambi arikumisikidza abatwa kana kuiswa parutivi, chikwata chinorwisa chechikwata chake chinodzokera kumunda chotora chinzvimbo chachiri.

Sezvambotaurwa, chengetedzo inoitika kana timu inodzivirira ikabudirira kurwisa anorwisa munzvimbo yavo yekugumisira.

Kune izvi, timu inodzivirira inogamuchira 2 mapoinzi uye zvakare inowana otomatiki kutora bhora. 

Basic American Football Strategy

Kune vamwe vateveri, chinonyanyofadza chenhabvu izano rakagadzirwa nevarairidzi vaviri kuti vawedzere mikana yekukunda mutambo. 

Chikwata chega chega chine inodaidzwa kuti 'bhuku rekutamba' rine makumi kune dzimwe nguva mazana emitambo mamiriro (anonziwo 'mitambo').

Sezvineiwo, mutambo wega wega unonzwika zvine hungwaru, wakarongeka timu. 

Mimwe mitambo yakachengeteka zvikuru; vangangobereka mayadhi mashoma.

Mimwe mitambo ine mukana wekuwana mayadhi mazhinji, asi paine njodzi huru yekurasikirwa nemayadhi (kurasikirwa neyadhi) kana kutendeuka (kana mudzvanyiriri awana).

Kazhinji, mitambo yekumhanyirira (apo bhora rinongomhanyiswa panzvimbo pekutanga kukandwa kumutambi) haina ngozi pane mitambo yekupfuura (apo bhora rinokandwa zvakananga kumutambi).

Asi kunewo mitambo inodarika yakachengeteka uye mitambo ine njodzi yekumhanya.

Kurasisa timu inopikisa, mimwe mitambo inodarika yakagadzirirwa kufanana nemitambo yekumhanya uye neimwe nzira.

Kune mitambo yakawanda yemanomano, semuenzaniso kana timu ikaita sekunge irikuda "kunongedza" uye yoedza kumhanya nebhora kana. kukanda bhora kwekutanga pasi.

Mitambo ine njodzi yakadai inofadza zvikuru kune vateveri - kana vakashanda. Kune rumwe rutivi, vanogona kududzira ngwavaira kana muvengi akaziva unyengeri ndokuita maererano nahwo.

Mumazuva ari pakati pemitambo, kune maawa akawanda ekugadzirira uye zano, kusanganisira kuona mavhidhiyo emutambo wevanopikisa nevatambi nevarairidzi.

Izvi, pamwe chete nechimiro chinodiwa chemutambo, ndosaka zvikwata zvichitamba mitambo yakawanda pasvondo.

Verenga zvakare tsananguro yangu nezve fantasy nhabvu uko zano rakanaka rakakoshawo

Chii chinonzi American football playbook?

Kune mazana emitambo yakasiyana iyo vatambi vanogona kuita pane imwe neimwe pasi. Izvi zvese zviri mune inodaidzwa kuti playbook yechikwata chimwe nechimwe. 

Bhuku rekutamba rine mazano ese echikwata kuti awane mapoinzi akawanda sezvinobvira. Kune rimwe bhuku rekutamba rekukanganisa uye rimwe rekudzivirira.

Mitambo iyi 'inorongwa' nevashandi vevarairidzi, apo vatambi vari kurwisa vanowanzomhanya nenzira dzakasiyana ('nzira yekumhanya') uye mafambiro akarongeka nezviito zvinoitwa.

Kune zvakare bhuku rekutamba rekudzivirira, uko mazano anoitwa kudzivirira kurwiswa pamwe nekugona.

Murairidzi mukuru kana quarterback anosarudza mitambo yechikwata chinokanganisa ukuwo kaputeni anodzivirira kana murongi anoronga mitambo yechikwata chinodzivirira.

Nhandare yenhabvu yekuAmerica yakakura sei?

Nzvimbo dzakanyanya kukosha dzenhandare yenhabvu yeAmerica idzo nzvimbo mbiri dzekupedzisira, imwe yacho iri kumagumo ega ega.

Imwe neimwe magumo zone yakareba 10 mayadhi uye ndiyo nzvimbo inobatwa touchdowns. Chinhambwe kubva endzone kuenda endzone chakareba mayadhi zana.

Nhandare yenhabvu yekuAmerica nekudaro inokwana mayadhi zana nemakumi maviri (anenge 120 metres) kureba uye 109 yadhi (inenge 53,3 metres) yakafara.

Nzvimbo yekupedzisira inowanzoiswa mavara akasiyana kuti izivikanwe nyore nevatambi.

Kune zvakare zvibodzwa (zvinodaidzwawo kuti 'uprights') kumagumo ega ega enhandare uko mutambi anogona kupfura bhora. Zvibodzwa zvakaparadzana 18.5 tsoka (5,6 m) (24 tsoka kana 7,3 m muchikoro chesekondari).

Izvo zvigaro zvakabatanidzwa ne batten 3 mamita kubva pasi. Nhandare yenhabvu yekuAmerica yakakamurwa kuita mitsetse yemayadhi ese mashanu pamayadhi paupamhi hwemunda.

Pakati pemitsetse iyoyo uchawana mutsetse mupfupi payadhi yega yega. Mayadhi gumi ese akaverengerwa: 10 - 10 - 20 - 30 - 40 (pakati) - 50 - 40 - 30 - 20.

Mitsara miviri yemitsara, inozivikanwa se "inbounds lines" kana "hash marks," inofambirana nemativi ari pedyo nepakati pemunda.

Mitambo yese inotanga nebhora riri pa kana pakati pemahashi.

Kuita kuti izvi zvese zviwedzere kutaridzika, unogona ona mufananidzo uyu kubva kuSportsfy.

Iyo midziyo (giya) yeAmerican nhabvu

Yese yekudzivirira giya inoshandiswa munhabvu; kupfuura zvinoitika mune mimwe mitambo.

Zvinoenderana nemutemo, mutambi wega wega anofanira kupfeka midziyo yakakodzera kuti atambe.

Mareferenzi anotarisisa midziyo isati yatanga kuti vaone kuti vatambi vakapfeka dziviriro inodiwa kuti vatevedzere zvakatemwa.

Unogona kuverenga zvinoshandiswa nevatambi pazasi:

• Helmamu
• murindi wemuromo
• Mapendekete epafudzi ane jersey rechikwata
• Bhandi nebhurugwa rebhora
• Kuchenesa
• Pamwe magirovhosi

Yekutanga uye inonyanya kukosha accessory ndeye ngowani† Ngowani yakagadzirwa nepurasitiki yakaoma inodzivirira chiso nedehenya kubva pakurohwa kwakaoma.

Ngowani dzinouya nazvo mask yechiso (mask), uye magadzirirwo ayo anoenderana nechinzvimbo chemutambi.

Semuenzaniso, vanogamuchira zvakafara vanoda chifukidzo chechiso chakavhurika kuti varambe vachiona bhora kuti varibate.

Kune rumwe rutivi, mutambi wemutsara anogumbura kazhinji ane chifukidziro chechiso chakavharika kudzivirira chiso chake kubva mumaoko neminwe yeanopikisa.

Ngowani inobatwa panzvimbo ne chinstrap.

Murindi wemuromo zvakare anosungirwa, uye kuti titarise emhando yepamusoro, verenga zvakawanda pano.

mapepa epapfudzi chimwe chinhu chinokatyamadza chemudziyo wemutambi wenhabvu. Mapendekete epafudzi anogadzirwa kubva pachidimbu chakaoma chepurasitiki chinosungirirwa zvakasimba pasi pehapwa.

Mapendekete epafudzi anobatsira kuchengetedza mapepa, pamwe chete nehomwe yepachipfuva.

Jezi rinopfekwa pamusoro pemapendekete. Jerseys chikamu chekiti, iyo inoratidza mavara echikwata uye chiratidzo.

Nhamba uye zita zvemutambi zvinofanirawo kuiswa. Nhamba dzakakosha, sezvo vatambi vanofanirwa kuwira mune imwe nhanho zvichienderana nenzvimbo yavo.

Izvi zvinobatsira varidzi tarisa kuti ndiani anogona kubata nhabvu uye ndiani asingagone (nekuti haasi mutambi wese anogona kungobata nhabvu omhanya nayo!).

Muzvikwata zvepasi, vatambi vanowanzobvumidzwa kusarudza nhamba yavo, izvo zvisingade kuita nezve chinzvimbo chavo munhandare.

Jezi dzakagadzirwa nenylon yakapfava ine manhamba kumberi nekumashure.

Iyo gridle ibhurugwa rakamanikana rine dziviriro yaunopfeka pasi pemakwikwi ako kana bhurugwa rekudzidzisa.

Bhandi rinopa dziviriro kumahudyu, zvidya nemuswe. Mamwe mabhanhire anewo akavakirwa-mukati mabvi ekudzivirira. Zvemabhanhire akanakisa tinya pano.

Kushandisa vatambi shangu dzine mavara, iyo yakafanana zvikuru nebhoti dzebhola.

Zvichienderana nechinzvimbo chako papitch (uye nzvimbo yaunotambira), mamwe mamodheru ari nani pane mamwe. Vanopa zvakakwana kubata uye kunyaradza.

Magirovhosi haasungirwe, asi anowanzo kukurudzirwa.

Inogona kubatsira vatambi kuti vabate zvirinani pabhora kana kudzivirira maoko avo.

Kutsvaga magirovhosi enhabvu matsva? Verenga pano kuti ndezvipi zvakanakisisa.

NFL jezi nhamba

Iyo NFL jezi manhamba system inobva pachinzvimbo chekutanga chemutambi. Asi chero mutambi - zvisinei nenhamba yake - anogona kutamba mune imwe nzvimbo.

Hazvisi zvisizvo zvekumhanya kumashure kuti utambe semugamuchiri wakafara mune mamwe mamiriro, kana kuti lineman kana linebacker kutamba seyakazara kana magumo akasimba mune pfupi yardage mamiriro.

Nekudaro, vatambi vakapfeka manhamba 50-79 vanofanirwa kuzivisa mupire pachine nguva kana vari kutamba kunze kwechinzvimbo nekutaura nhamba isingakodzeri munzvimbo yakakodzera.

Vatambi vakapfeka nhamba iyi havatenderwe kubata bhora zvakadaro.

Hedzinoi ement-b20b5b37-e428-487d-a6e1-733e166faebd” class=”textannotation disambiguated wl-thing” itemid=”https://data.wordlift.io/wl146820/entity/rules”>mitemo yenhamba dzejersey” :

• 1-19: Quarterback, Kicker, Punter, Wide Receiver, Running Back
• 20-29: Kumhanya Kudzokera, Kona Kudzoka, Kuchengetedza
• 30-39: Kumhanya Kudzokera, Kona Kudzoka, Kuchengetedza
• 40-49: Running Back, Tight End, Cornerback, Safety
• 50-59: Mutsara unogumbura, Mutsara wekudzivirira, Linebacker
• 60-69: Inogumbura Line, Defensive Line
• 70-79: Inogumbura Line, Defensive Line
• 80-89: Wide Receiver, Tight End
• 90-99: Defensive Line, Linebacker

Mumitambo yepre-season, apo zvikwata zvinowanzova nevatambi vakawanda vasara, vatambi vanobvumirwa kupfeka nhamba kunze kwemitemo iri pamusoro.

Kana timu yekupedzisira yagadzwa, vatambi vanoverengerwa mukati memirayiridzo iri pamusoro.

Zvirango muAmerican Football

Kuti mutambo urambe uripo, ma umpires anotarisa wachi, anoridza muridzo kana mutambi abatwa (nekuti ndipo panopera mutambo), uye kukanda mureza wechirango mumhepo kana kukanganisa kwaitwa.

Chero mutambi anogona kusimudza mureza weyero yechirango padyo nenzvimbo yekukanganisa.

Mureza wepenalty unoratidza kuti muridzi wepembe aona chirango uye anoda kuyambira vatambi, varairidzi nevamwe varidzi. 

Zvirango zvinowanzokonzera mayadhi asina kunaka kuchikwata chinenge chatadza (apo mutambi anoisa bhora kumashure uye timu icharasikirwa nemayadhi).

Zvimwe zvirango zvekudzivirira zvinopa divi rinorwisa otomatiki kutanga pasi. 

Zvimwe zvirango zvinoratidzwa nemutambi mumwe chete nekukandira bhinzi bhegi kana kepisi yake.

Kana mutambo wapera, timu yakakuvara ine sarudzo yekutora chirango uye kutamba pasi zvakare kana kuchengetedza mhedzisiro yemutambo wapfuura uye kuenda kune unotevera pasi.

Muchikamu chiri pasi apa ndichakurukura zvimwe zvirango zvakakurumbira.

Kutanga kwenhema

Kuti utange mutambo unoshanda, vatambi vechikwata chine (kukanganisa) vanofanirwa kumira zvakakwana.

Mutambi mumwe chete (asi kwete mutambi ari pamutsara unogumbura) anogona kufamba, asi nguva dzose achienderana nemutsara wekunyora. 

Kutanga kwenhema kunoitika kana mutambi ari kurwisa afamba bhora risati rauya. 

Izvi zvakafanana nokubuda panzvimbo uye kutanga mujaho muridzi wepembe asati aridza pfuti.

Chero kufamba kunoitwa nemutambi anorwisa kutevedzera kutanga kwemutambo mutsva kunorangwa nemayadhi mashanu kumashure (nebhora richidzoserwa mayadhi mashanu).

Kunze

Offside zvinoreva offside. Offside imhosva apo mutambi anenge ari kudivi risiri iro remutsetse wekurambira kana bhora 'radamburwa' zvobva zvaita.

Kana mutambi wechikwata chinodzivirira akayambuka mutsara wekunyora mutambo usati watanga, zvinonzi offside.

Sechirango, dziviriro inobvisa mayadhi mashanu.

Vatambi vanodzivirira, kusiyana nemhosva, vanogona kunge vari mukufamba bhora risati raiswa mumutambo, asi kwete kuyambuka mutsara wekunyora.

Offside itsvina inonyanya kuitwa nemudziviriri, asi inogonawo kuitika pakurwiswa.

Holding

Panguva yemutambo, mutambi ane bhora chete ndiye anogona kubatwa. 

Kubata mutambi asina bhora kunonzi kubata. Pane musiyano uripo pakati pekubata zvinogumbura uye kudzivirira kubata.

Kana munhu anorwisa akabata mudziviriri (anobata zvinogumbura) uye mutambi iyeye anoshandisa maoko ake, maoko, kana zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri wake kudzivirira mutambi anodzivirira kubva pakurwisa mutakuri webhora, timu yake inorangwa nekudonha kwemayadhi gumi.

Kana mudziviriri akabata murwi (defensive holding), uye mutambi uyu achikanda kana kubata mutambi ari kurwisa asina bhora, timu yake inorasikirwa nemayadhi mashanu uye kurwisa kunohwina otomatiki kutanga pasi.

Kupfuura kupindira

Mutsigiri haafanire kusunda kana kubata mutambi kuti asabate bhora. Panofanira kunge paine kuonana chete paanenge achiedza kubata bhora.

Kukanganisa kwePasi kunoitika kana mutambi asangana zvisiri pamutemo nemumwe mutambi achiedza kubata zvakanaka. 

Maererano nebhuku rekutonga reNFL, kupindira kwepasi kunosanganisira kubata, kudhonza, uye kugumbura mutambi, uye kuunza maoko pachiso chemutambi, kana kuita kucheka pamberi peanogamuchira.

Sechirango, timu inoramba ichirwisa kubva panzvimbo yekutyorwa, ichiverenga seyo otomatiki 1st pasi.

Kukanganisa kwemunhu (kukanganisa pauzima)

Mhosva dzepamunhu dzinonzi imhosva dzakaipisisa munhabvu nekuti dzinotyora mitemo yekuremekedza uye kuita zvemitambo.

Kukanganisa kwemunhu munhabvu imhosva inokonzerwa nekutamba kwakashata zvisina kufanira kana kwakasviba kunoisa mumwe mutambi munjodzi yekukuvadza mumwe mutambi. 

Mienzaniso yemhosva dzevanhu dzinosanganisira:

• ngowani kune helmet kubata
• ngowani inorwisana nemabvi emuvengi
• ita bhora kunze kwemunda
• kana chimwe chinhu chinotorwa nemutambi seanopokana nemitambo

Murango wemayadhi gumi nemashanu unopihwa uye timu yakakuvara inongopihwa yekutanga pasi.

Kunonoka kwemutambo

Kana mumwe mutambo wapera, mutambo unotevera unotanga. Vanorwisa vanofanira kudzosera bhora mukutamba wachi isati yapera.

Munhabvu yekuAmerica, chikwata chinokanganisa chinopihwa mutongo wemayadhi mashanu nekunonoka kutamba kana chikatadza kuisa bhora mukutamba nekukasika kana kuti free kick yemutambo isati yapera. 

Nguva iyi inosiyana nemakwikwi, uye inowanzoita masekonzi makumi maviri neshanu kubva panguva iyo mutambi anoratidza kuti bhora ragadzirira kuiswa mumutambo.

Bhiriki isiri pamutemo kumashure

Mutemo wekuti mabhuroko ese munhabvu anofanirwa kuitwa kubva kumberi, kwete kubva kumashure. 

Chivharo chekumashure chisiri pamutemo chirango chinodaidzwa munhabvu kana mutambi achisangana nepamusoro pechiuno nekumashure nemutambi anenge asina bhora. 

Ichi chirango chinoguma ne10-yadhi chirango kubva panzvimbo yekukanganisa.

Nekuti 'kubata kumeso' zvinoreva kushandisa mawoko kana maoko kusunda muvengi kubva kumashure nenzira inokanganisa kufamba kwake. 

Kuvhara pasi pechiuno

Izvi zvinosanganisira 'kuvhara' mutambi asiri mutakuri webhora.

Pachivharo chisiri pamutemo pazasi pechiuno (kubva chero kwakananga), muvharidzi anoshandisa pfudzi rake zvisiri pamutemo kubata mudziviriri pazasi pebhandi rake. 

Izvi hazvisi pamutemo nekuti zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya – kunyanya kumabvi nechiziso chegumbo – uye inzira isina kunaka kumuvharira nekuti kufamba kunoita kuti mutambi wacho asagone kufamba.

Chirango chacho mayadhi gumi nemashanu muNFL, NCAA (koreji/yunivhesiti), uye muchikoro chesekondari. MuNFL, kuvharira pazasi pechiuno hazvisi pamutemo panguva yekutamba mitambo uye mushure mekuchinja kwechinhu.

Kudambura

Clipping inorambidzwa nokuti inokwanisa kukonzera kukuvara, kusanganisira kune chibvumirano uye cruciate ligaments uye meniscus.

Clipping kurwisa mudzvanyiriri pasi pechiuno kubva kumashure, chero mudzvanyiriri asina bhora.

Kucheka kunosanganisirawo kuzvitenderedza pamakumbo eanopikisa mushure mekuvhara.

Kazhinji hazvisi pamutemo, asi muNational Soccer League zviri pamutemo kukwenya pamusoro pebvi mumutambo wepedyo.

Mutsetse wepedyo inzvimbo iri pakati pezvinzvimbo zvinowanzogarwa neanogumbura tackles. Inotambanuka kwemayadhi matatu parutivi rumwe norumwe rwemutsara wekunyora.

Mumitambo mizhinji, chirango chekucheka mayadhi gumi nemashanu, uye kana chakaitwa nemudziviriri, otomatiki yekutanga pasi. 

chop block

Chop block haisi pamutemo uye inoitika kana mutambi avharirwa nevaviri vanopikisa, mumwe ari kumusoro uye mumwe ari pasi, zvichiita kuti mutambi adonhe.

Chop block iblock neanorwisa apo mutambi anorwisa anovharira mutambi munzvimbo yechidya kana pazasi, nepo mumwe mutambi ari kurwisa achirwisa iyeye anodzivirira mutambi pamusoro pechiuno.

Haisi chirango kana mudzvanyiriri wemuvharidzi akatanga kubata pamusoro pechiuno, kana muvharidzi akaedza kutiza kubva kumupikisi wake uye kuonana hakusi nemaune.

Mutongo wechop block isiri pamutemo kurasikirwa kwemayadhi gumi nemashanu.

Kukwenya mukicker/punter/mubati

Kukanha muvezi kana mupinyi inguva apo mutambi anodzivirira anorovera mujenya kana kuti punter panguva yekutamba.

Kazhinji chirango chehasha chinopiwa kana kubatwa nemurove kwakanyanya.

Kukanhira mutambi/mupinyi kunoitika kana mutambi anodzivirira akabata gumbo rakamira remutambi apo gumbo rake rekukava richiri mumhepo, kana kuti anobata munhu anorovera kana tsoka dzose dziri pasi. 

Mutemo uyu unoshandawo kune anenge akabata chibodzwa chemumunda, sezvo ari mutambi asingadziviriri.

Haisi mhosva kana kubatwa kwacho kusiri kwakanyanya, kana mutambi akadzosera makumbo ese pasi asati asangana owira pamusoro pemudziviriri pasi.

Mutongo wekutyora kwakadaro mumakwikwi mazhinji mayadhi gumi nemashanu uye otomatiki kutanga pasi.

Kana kukanganisa kwakadaro kukaitika, boka rava kuda kusiya chinhu pachinhu chimwe chete rinoramba rinacho semugumisiro.

Kana kukanganisa kukaitika pachinangwa chakakaviwa zvakabudirira, yardage inoongororwa pamutambo unotevera, kunze kwekunge timu iri kurwisa yasarudza kugamuchira chirango uye kuenderera mberi nekutyaira netarisiro yekuhwina touchdown, iyo inonzi "kutora." the anoburitsa pachena”.

Usapesanise chirango ichi ne'kumhanyira kunokaba' (ona pazasi).  

Kumhanyira mukicker

Kumhanyirira mugadzi kunoonekwa kushoma kana kuchienzaniswa nekukanhira mutambi.

Zvinoitika kana mutambi anodzivirira asangana negumbo rekukanda remutambi kana kuti paanodzivirira mutambi kuti asamhare zvakanaka netsoka dzose dziri pasi mushure mekukandwa.

Kana mutambi anodzivirira akarova gumbo rinokwesha remunhu anokanhi, rinenge richiita sekumhanya kunokaba. 

Kumhanyira mukicker chirango chishoma uye kurasikirwa kwemayadhi mashanu kuchikwata.

Ndechimwe chezvirango zvishoma zvisingauye neotomatiki yekutanga pasi, senge offside.

Kukambura mupfuuri

MaDefenders anotenderwa kubata mutambi ari kuedza kukanda bhora mberi achiri nebhora (eg saga requarterback).

Nekudaro, kana bhora raburitswa, vadziviriri havabvumidzwe kusangana nequarterback kunze kwekunge vakurudzirwa nekumhanya.

Mutongo wekuti kusangana mushure mekusunungurwa kwebhora kwaive chikonzero chekutyora kana kukurumidza kunoitwa nemutongi pane imwe nyaya-ne-case hwaro.

Kukandira mupfuuri imhosva apo mutambi anodzivirira anobatana zvisiri pamutemo nequarterback mushure mekunge akanda kumberi.

Chirango chiri mayadhi gumi kana gumi nemashanu, zvichienderana neligi, uye otomatiki kutanga pasi nekuda kwemhosva.

Kukasira mupfuuri kunogonawo kunzi kana mudziviriri achiita zvinhu zvinotyisa kumupfuuri, zvakadai sokumusimudza nekumutsikirira pasi, kana kuita mutsimba naye.

Inogona zvakare kudaidzwa kana mutambi ari kurova mupfuuri akabata ngowani-ku-helmet, kana kumhara pamupfuuri nehuremu hwakazara hwemuviri wake.

Chinosiyana nemutemo wehukasha ndechekuti mupfuuri anozopindazve kutamba mushure mekukanda bhora, sekuyedza kuvharira, kugadzirisa kupusa, kana kutangisa mutambi anenge atora bhora.

Muzviitiko izvi, mupfuuri anobatwa semumwe mutambi uye anogona kubatwa zviri pamutemo.

Kukorokoza mupfuuri zvakare hakushande kumapase epadivi kana kumashure.

Kupindira

Kupindira kune tsananguro yakasiyana muzvikwata zvakasiyana / makwikwi. Izvo zvinoenderana nechirango: kureva kurasikirwa kwemayadhi mashanu.

MuNFL, kupindira kunoitika kana mutambi anodzivirira akayambuka zvisiri pamutemo mutsara wekunyora uye kusangana neanopikisa kana aine nzira yakajeka yekuenda kuquarterback bhora risati ratanga. 

Mutambo wacho unomiswa pakarepo, sekutanga kwenhema. Kutyora uku kuchave chirango cheku offside muNCAA.

Muchikoro chesekondari, kupindirwa kunosanganisira CHESE kuyambuka kwenzvimbo isina kwayakarerekera nedziviriro, kungave kubata kunoitwa kana kusaitwa.

Zvakafanana neoffside/offside, kunze kwekunge izvi zvaitika, mutambo haubvumidzwe kutanga.

Sezvinoita offside, timu inokanganisa inorangwa nemayadhi mashanu.

MuNCAA, chirango chekupindira chinodanwa kana mutambi anogumbura adarika mutsara wekunyora mushure mekunge nzvimbo yabata bhora asi isati yariisa mumutambo.

Iko hakuna kupindira kwevatambi vanodzivirira munhabvu yekoreji.

Kudhumhana kwengowani kune ngowani

Kusangana kwerudzi urwu kunozopedzisira kwaonekwa kutamba kune ngozi nevakuru veligi mushure memakore nekuda kwekugona kukonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya.

Makundano makuru enhabvu, akadai seNFL, Canadian Soccer League (CFL), neNCAA, atora danho rakasimba pakudhumhana kwengowani-ku-helmet.

Kukurudzira kwaive kuferefetwa kweCongressional mumhedzisiro yekudzokorora kukakavara kwevatambi venhabvu uye zvitsva zvakawanikwa maererano nekusingaperi traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).

Kumwe kukuvadzwa kunobvira kunosanganisira kukuvara kwemusoro, kukuvara kwemusana, uye kunyange kufa. 

Kudhumhana kweHelmet-to-helmet zviitiko apo ngowani dzevatambi vaviri dzinosangana nehuwandu hwesimba.

Kuita nemaune kubonderana kwengowani chirango mumakwikwi mazhinji enhabvu.

Chirango chiri mayadhi gumi nemashanu, ine otomatiki 15st pasi.

Vagadziri vengowani vanogara vachivandudza magadzirirwo avo kuti vadzivirire zvakanyanya vashandisi vavo kubva mukukuvadzwa kunokonzerwa nekukanganisa kwakadaro.

bhiza collar tackle

Iyo bhiza-collar tackle inonyanya kutyisa nekuda kwechinzvimbo chisina kunaka chemutambi akabatwa, uyo anowanzowira shure mukufamba kwekutenderera nemakumbo maviri kana maviri akabatwa pasi pehuremu hwemuviri wake.

Izvi zvinotonyanya kuipa kana tsoka yemutambi ikabatwa muvhu uye nehuremu hwakawedzerwa hwemudziviriri. 

The horse-collar tackle (horse-collar tackle) inzira umo mudziviriri anobata mumwe mutambi nekubata kora yekumashure yejezi kana seri kwepafudzi uye pakarepo achidhonza nechisimba mutakuri webhora pasi kuti adhonze tsoka dzake kubva pasi pake. 

Kukuvara kunogoneka kunosanganisira cruciate ligament sprains kana misodzi mumabvi (kusanganisira ACL neMCL) nemakumbo, uye kuputsika kwetibia uye fibula.

Nekudaro, mabhiza-collar tackles anoitwa padyo nemutsara we scrimmage anobvumidzwa.

MuNFL, bhiza-collar tackle inoguma mune 15-yadhi chirango uye otomatiki yekutanga pasi kana yakaitwa nemudziviriri.

Zvinowanzokonzerawo muripo unotemerwa nesangano kumutambi.

Facemask chirango

Chirango ichi chinogona kupihwa kune vatambi mukukanganisa, kudzivirira uye zvikwata zvakakosha. Kungosangana nengowani kazhinji hakuna kurangwa. 

Hapana mutambi anotenderwa iyo mask yechiso tora kana kudhonza kubva kune mumwe mutambi.

Chirango chinosvika pakubata zvimwe zvikamu zvengowani, kusanganisira marimu, maburi nzeve uye padding. 

Chikonzero chikuru chemurairo uyu zvakare kuchengetedza mutambi.

Zvine ngozi zvakanyanya uye zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kwemutsipa nemusoro, sezvo ngowani inogona kudhonzwa ichienda kune imwe nzira kune iyo muviri uri kufamba.

Zvinowanzosiyirwa kusarudzo yeumpire kuti kuonana kwacho kuri kweune kana kwakakomba zvakakwana kuti vape chirango che facemask.

Munhabvu yechikoro chesekondari, mutambi anogona kuwana chirango chefacemask nekungobata ngowani yemumwe mutambi.

Mutemo uyu unoitirwa kuchengetedza vatambi vadiki.

Munhabvu yekoreji, zvisinei, iyo NCAA inotevera mitemo yakafanana kuNFL, uko kubata nekubata ngowani kunoguma nechirango.

Zvinoenderana nebhuku rekutonga reNFL, zvirango zvefacemask zvinounza chirango chegumi neshanu.

Kana boka rinorwisa rikapa chirango, rinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kana kuderera.

Kana mudziviriri akaita mhosva, timu inorwisa inogona kuwana otomatiki yekutanga pasi.

Ngatitii ma umpires anoona kuti chirango chakanyanya kuipa, saka chirango chakanyanya kuoma.

Somuenzaniso, mutambi anenge akanganisa anobvarura ngowani yomumwe mutambi kana kuti anoshandisa chivharo chechiso kukanda mumwe wacho pasi.

Kana zvakadaro, mutambi anogona kumiswa nekuda kwehunhu husiri hwemutambo.

American nhabvu mazwi uye tsananguro

Kuti unyatsonzwisisa uye kuwana zvakanyanya kubva muAmerican nhabvu, unofanirwa kujairana neakakosha mazwi uye tsananguro.

Rondedzero inotevera inokupa tarisiro yeakakosha eAmerican nhabvu mazwi aunofanirwa kuziva:

• backfield: Boka revatambi vanogumburisa - the running backs and quarterbacks - vanokwira kuseri kwemutsara wekunyora.
• pasi: Chiito chinotanga kana bhora richitambwa uye chinopera kana bhora ranzi 'rafa' (zvinoreva kuti kutamba kwapera). Mhosva inowana mana pasi kuti iwane bhora mayadhi gumi mberi. Kukundikana izvo, bhora rinofanira kupiwa kune anopikisa, kazhinji ne 'point' pane yechina pasi.
• fambisa: Mitambo yakatevedzana kana mhosva iine bhora, kusvika yanwisa kana kuenda 'mapoinzi' uye timu inopikisa yave kutonga bhora.
• end zone: Nzvimbo yakareba mamita gumi kumagumo ega ega emunda. Iwe unotora touchdown paunopinda mumagumo zone nebhora. Kana iwe ukabatwa munzvimbo yako yekupedzisira iwe uine bhora, chimwe chikwata chinowana chengetedzo (yakakosha mapoinzi maviri).
• Kubata kwakanaka: Kana anodzosa punt anokwenya ruoko rwake rwakatambanudzwa pamusoro pemusoro wake. Mushure mechiratidzo chekubata chakanaka, mutambi haakwanise kumhanya nebhora, uye mupikisi haafanire kuribata.
• Chinangwa chemunda / chinangwa chemunda: Kick, inokosha mapoinzi matatu, inogona kutorwa chero panhandare, asi inowanzotorwa mukati memayadhi makumi mana ezvibodzwa. Sekunge paine imwe poindi, kick inofanirwa kupfurwa pamusoro pebhawa uye pakati pembiru. 
• Kuderera: Kutadza kubata bhora uchimhanya kana kutakwa naro. Vese vari kurwisa nekudzivirira timu vanogona kudzoreredza kupusa. Kana mudziviriri akawana bhora, inonzi turnover.
• Handoff: Chiito chekupfuudza bhora nemutambi ari kurwisa (kazhinji quarterback) kune mumwe mutambi ari kurwisa. Handoffs inowanzoitika pakati pe quarterback uye yekumhanya kumashure.
• Hash mamaki: Mitsetse iri pakati pemunda inoratidza 1 yadhi pamunda. Pamutambo wega-wega, bhora rinoiswa pakati pehashi mamakisi kana pamusoro pehashi mamakisi, zvichienderana nekuti mutakuri webhora akarwirwa papi mumutambo wapfuura.
• dzinoungana: Kana vatambi gumi nemumwe vechikwata vaungana panhandare kuti vakurukure zano. Pakutadza, quarterback inopfuudza mitambo muhuddle.
• Kusapedza: Kupfuura kwemberi kunowira pasi nekuti timu yange ichirwisa haina kukwanisa kuibata, kana kupasa kunodonhedza mutambi kana kumugamha kubva munhandare.
• Kubata: Kupfuura kunogumbura kunobatwa nedefender, zvichisiya anorwisa asisadzore bhora.
• Tanga: Kurova kwemahara kunoisa bhora mukutamba. Kickoff inoshandiswa pakutanga kwekota yekutanga neyechitatu uye mushure mekubata kwega kwega uye kubudirira kwemunda chinangwa.
• Mutsara we scrimmage: Mutsetse wekufungidzira unowedzera upamhi hwenhandare inoiswa nhabvu pamutambo mutsva wega wega. Hapana mhosva kana kudzivirira kunogona kuyambuka mutsara kusvika bhora radzoserwa mukutamba.
• Point: Kukanha kunoitwa apo mutambi anodonhedza bhora kubva mumaoko ake uye akakava bhora risati rarova pasi. Poindi inowanzopihwa pachikamu chechina pasi kana mhosva ichinge yasiya kuvadziviriri nekuti haikwanise kuenderera mberi nemayadhi gumi.
• red zone: Nzvimbo isingabvumirwe kubva pamakumi maviri-yadhi mutsara kuenda kumutsara wechinangwa cheanopikisa. 
• kick/point return: Chiitiko chekugashira kukikwa kana kunongedzo uye kumhanya uchienda kumutsara wemudzvanyiriri nechinangwa chekunwisa kana kuwana mayadhi akawanda.
• Rushing: Pedzisa bhora nekumhanya, kwete nekupfuura. Kumhanya kudzoka dzimwe nguva kunonziwo rusher.
• Sack: Kana mudziviriri achinge abata quarterback kuseri kwemutsara wecrimmage zvichiita kuti timu irikurwisa irasikirwe nemayadhi.
• chengetedzo: Chibodzwa, chakakosha mapoinzi maviri, icho dziviriro inowana nekubata mutambi anogumbura aine bhora munzvimbo yake yekupedzisa.
• Secondary: Vatambi vana vanodzivirira vachidzivirira pasi uye vakaita mutsetse kuseri kwevaraini uye yakafara pamakona emunda wakatarisana nevagamuchiri vekurwisa.
• Snap: Chiitiko chekuti bhora 'rinodimurwa' (pakati pemakumbo) nepakati kusvika kune quarterback - kana kune akabata pakuedza kukick, kana kune ari punter. Kana snap ikaitika, bhora rinotamba zviri pamutemo uye chiitiko chinotanga.

Pakupedzisira

Iye zvino zvauri kunyatsoziva kuti nhabvu yekuAmerica inotambwa sei, mitambo yacho ichave yakanyatso kujeka kwauri.

Kana kuti pamwe uchatanga kudzidzira nhabvu yeAmerica iwe pachako!

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Joost Nusselder, muvambi weerefesi.eu mushambadzi wemukati, baba uye anoda kunyora nezvemarudzi ese emitambo, uye akatambawo mitambo yakawanda iye huzhinji hwehupenyu hwake. Zvino kubva 2016, iye nechikwata chake vanga vachigadzira zvinobatsira blog zvinyorwa zvekubatsira vaverengi vakavimbika nemitambo yavo yemitambo.