Kodi mpira waku America ndi chiyani ndipo umasewera bwanji? Malamulo, masewera amasewera & zilango

Mpira waku America unayamba ngati mtundu wa kusewera ndi mpira ndi m'kupita kwa nthawi ndi mizere zamasewera zinasintha.

Mpira wa ku America ndi masewera ampikisano amagulu. Cholinga cha masewerawa ndikulemba mfundo zambiri momwe mungathere. Mfundo zambiri zagoledwa ndi imodzi kugunda ndi bal mu de zone yomaliza kuchokera ku timu ina.

M'nkhaniyi ndifotokoza ndendende zomwe mpira waku America ndi momwe masewerawa amaseweredwa, kwa oyamba kumene!

Mpira waku America ndi imodzi mwamasewera akulu aku North America. Ngakhale masewerawa amachitika padziko lonse lapansi, amakhalabe otchuka kwambiri ku America.

Chopambana pamasewerawa ndi Super Bowl; chomaliza pakati pa awiri abwino kwambiri NFL magulu amaonedwa ndi anthu mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse chaka chilichonse (kuchokera bwalo la masewera kapena kunyumba). 

Mpira ukhoza kuthera pamenepo pothamangira kumalo otchedwa mapeto a zone kapena kugwira mpira kumapeto.

Kuphatikiza pa touchdown, palinso njira zina zogoletsa.

Wopambana ndi gulu lomwe lili ndi mfundo zambiri kumapeto kwa nthawi yovomerezeka. Komabe, kujambula kungathe kuchitika.

Ku US ndi Canada, mpira waku America umangotchedwa 'mpira'. Kunja kwa US ndi Canada, masewerawa amatchedwa "mpira waku America" ​​(kapena nthawi zina "gridiron football" kapena "tackle football") kuti asiyanitse ndi mpira (mpira).

Monga imodzi mwamasewera ovuta kwambiri padziko lapansi, mpira waku America uli ndi malamulo ndi zida zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zapadera.

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Masewerawa ndi osangalatsa kusewera komanso kuwonera chifukwa akuphatikiza kuphatikiza kwabwino kwamasewera ndi malingaliro pakati pa magulu awiri omwe akupikisana. 

Kodi NFL (National Soccer League) ndi chiyani?

Mpira waku America ndiye masewera omwe amawonedwa kwambiri ku United States. M'kafukufuku wa anthu aku America, amawonedwa ngati masewera omwe amakonda kwambiri omwe adafunsidwa.

Mavoti a mpira waku America amaposa amasewera ena. 

National Soccer League (NFL) ndiye ligi yayikulu kwambiri yaku America ku United States. NFL ili ndi magulu a 32 omwe agawidwa m'misonkhano iwiri, ndi Msonkhano Wampira waku America (AFC) ndi National Football Conference (NFC). 

Msonkhano uliwonse umagawidwa m'magulu anayi, Kumpoto, Kumwera, Kum'mawa ndi Kumadzulo ndi magulu anayi aliyense.

Masewera ochita mpikisano, Super Bowl, amaonedwa ndi pafupifupi theka la mabanja apawailesi yakanema ku U.S. ndipo amawonetsedwanso pawailesi yakanema m'maiko ena opitilira 150.

Tsiku lamasewera, Super Bowl Sunday, ndi tsiku lomwe mafani ambiri amachitira maphwando kuti awonere masewerawo ndikuyitanira abwenzi ndi abale kuti adzadye chakudya chamadzulo ndikuwonera masewerawo.

Ambiri amaona kuti ndi tsiku lalikulu kwambiri pachaka.

Cholinga chamasewera

Cholinga cha mpira waku America ndikupeza mapointi ambiri kuposa mdani wanu munthawi yomwe mwapatsidwa. 

Gulu lowukira liyenera kusuntha mpira kuzungulira bwalo pang'onopang'ono kuti mpirawo ufikire kumapeto kwa 'zone' kuti 'touchdown' (chigoli). Izi zitha kutheka pogwira mpira kumapeto kwa zone iyi, kapena kuyendetsa mpira kumapeto. Koma pass imodzi yokha yopita patsogolo ndiyololedwa mu sewero lililonse.

Gulu lililonse lowukira limalandira mwayi 4 ('kutsika') kuti asunthire mpirawo mayadi 10 kutsogolo, kumapeto kwa mdani, mwachitsanzo, chitetezo.

Ngati timu yowukirayo yasunthadi mayadi 10, imapambana kutsika koyamba, kapena ma seti ena anayi kuti ipite patsogolo mayadi 10.

Ngati 4 downs yadutsa ndipo timu yalephera kupanga mayadi 10, mpirawo umaperekedwa ku timu yoteteza, yomwe idzapitirira kulakwa.

masewera olimbitsa thupi

Mpira waku America ndi masewera olumikizana, kapena masewera olimbitsa thupi. Pofuna kupewa kuti wowukirayo asathamangire ndi mpira, chitetezo chiyenera kumenyana ndi wonyamula mpirawo. 

Chifukwa chake, osewera odzitchinjiriza ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira ina yolumikizirana kuti aletse wonyamulira mpirayo, malinga ndi malamulo ndi malangizo ena.

Oteteza sayenera kukankha, nkhonya kapena kugwetsa wonyamulira mpira.

Iwo sangathenso chophimba kumaso pa chisoti kugwira mdani kapena ndi chipewa chawo yambitsani kukhudzana.

Njira zina zambiri zothanirana ndi zovomerezeka.

Osewera amafunikira zida zodzitetezera zapadera kuvala, monga chipewa chapulasitiki chomangika, matumba a mapewa, mapepala a m'chiuno ndi mawondo. 

Ngakhale zida zoteteza ndi malamulo kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo, Kodi kuvulala kofala mu mpira?.

Mwachitsanzo, sikukhala kofala kwambiri kuthamanga kumbuyo (omwe amamenya kwambiri) mu NFL kuti adutse nyengo yonse popanda kuvulala.

Kukangana nakonso kumakhala kofala: Malinga ndi bungwe la Brain Injury Association of Arizona, pafupifupi ophunzira 41.000 akusekondale amakumana ndi zovuta chaka chilichonse. 

Mpira wa mbendera ndi mpira wakukhudza ndi mitundu yamasewera yomwe ili ndi zachiwawa zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira padziko lonse lapansi.

Mpira wa mbendera ulinso ndizotheka kukhala masewera a Olimpiki tsiku lina

Kodi timu ya mpira waku America ndi yayikulu bwanji?

Mu NFL, osewera okwana 46 amaloledwa pagulu lililonse patsiku lamasewera.

Zotsatira zake Kodi osewera ali ndi maudindo apadera kwambiri, ndipo pafupifupi osewera onse 46 omwe ali mu timu ya NFL azisewera masewera aliwonse. 

Timu iliyonse ili ndi akadaulo pa 'zolakwa' (kuukira), 'defense' (defense) ndi magulu apadera, koma silikhala ndi osewera opitilira 11 pabwalo nthawi ina iliyonse. 

Wolakwayo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi udindo wogoletsa ma touchdowns ndi zigoli zam'munda.

Chitetezo chiyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti cholakwacho sichigoletsa, ndipo magulu apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha malo.

Mosiyana ndi masewera ambiri ophatikizana, pomwe masewerawa amakhala amphamvu kotero kuti magulu onse awiri aukire ndikuteteza nthawi imodzi, sizili choncho mu mpira waku America.

Cholakwa ndi chiyani?

Kulakwira, monga taphunzira kumene, kuli ndi osewera awa:

• Mzere Wokhumudwitsa: Alonda Awiri, Ma Tackles Awiri, ndi Center
• Wide / slot olandila: awiri mpaka asanu
• Mapeto olimba: chimodzi kapena ziwiri
• Kubwerera mmbuyo: chimodzi kapena ziwiri
• Quarterback

Ntchito ya mzere wokhumudwitsa ndi wodutsa (nthawi zambiri, the kotala kotala) ndikukonza njira kwa othamanga (othamanga kumbuyo) potsekereza mamembala a chitetezo.

Osewerawa nthawi zambiri amakhala osewera akulu pabwalo. Kupatula pakati, osewera okhumudwitsa nthawi zambiri sagwira mpira.

Olandila ambiri amatenga mpira kapena kutsekereza masewero othamanga. Olandira ambiri ayenera kukhala achangu komanso kukhala ndi manja abwino kuti agwire mpira. Olandira ambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala amtali, osewera othamanga.

Mapeto olimba amatha kugwira msampha kapena kutsekereza masewero ena odutsa ndi kuthamanga. Mapeto olimba amakhala kumapeto kwa mzere woukira.

Atha kukhala ndi gawo lofanana ndi olandila ambiri (kugwira mipira) kapena linemen (kuteteza QB kapena kupanga malo othamanga).

Mapeto olimba ndi kusakanikirana kosakanizidwa pakati pa lineman wokhumudwitsa ndi a wolandila lonse. Mapeto olimba ndi aakulu mokwanira kusewera pamzere wowononga ndipo ndi wothamanga ngati wolandira kwambiri.

Kuthamanga kumbuyo kumathamanga ("kuthamanga") ndi mpira komanso kutsekereza kwa quarterback m'masewera ena.

Kuthamanga kumbuyo kumakhala kumbuyo kapena pafupi ndi QB. Osewerawa nthawi zambiri amamenyedwa ndipo pamafunika mphamvu zambiri zakuthupi ndi zamaganizo kuti athe kusewera pamalowa.

Wosewera mpira nthawi zambiri ndi amene amaponya mpira, komanso amatha kuthamanga ndi mpirawo kapena kupereka mpirawo kumbuyo.

quarterback ndiye wosewera wofunikira kwambiri pamasewera. Iye ndiye wosewera mpira yemwe amadziyika yekha kumbuyo kwapakati.

Osati osewera onsewa adzakhala pabwalo pamasewera aliwonse owukira. Magulu amatha kusiyanasiyana kuchuluka kwa olandila ambiri, malekezero olimba komanso obwerera kumbuyo panthawi imodzi.

Chitetezo ndi chiyani?

The Defense ndi udindo kuimitsa kuwukira ndi kuwaletsa kugoletsa mfundo.

Sizotengera osewera olimba okha komanso kulanga komanso kulimbikira kuti akwaniritse dongosolo lodzitchinjiriza.

Chitetezo chimakhala ndi osewera osiyanasiyana, omwe ndi:

• Mzere wodzitchinjiriza: osewera atatu mpaka asanu ndi mmodzi (zotchinga zotchinga ndi zoteteza)
• Kuteteza kumbuyo: Osewera osachepera atatu, ndipo awa amadziwika kuti chitetezo kapena ngodya
• Linebackers: atatu kapena anayi
• Kicker
• Kubwereka

Mzere wodzitchinjiriza umayimitsidwa molunjika motsutsana ndi mzere woukirawo. Mzere wotetezera umayesa kuyimitsa quarterback ndikuthamangira kumbuyo kwa timu yowononga.

Mofanana ndi mzere wotsutsa, osewera pamzere wodzitchinjiriza ndi osewera akulu kwambiri pamzere woteteza. Ayenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu komanso kusewera mwakuthupi.

Makona ndi chitetezo makamaka amayesa kuletsa olandirawo kuti asagwire mpira. Nthawi zina amaikanso mphamvu pa quarterback.

Oteteza kumbuyo nthawi zambiri amakhala osewera othamanga kwambiri pabwalo chifukwa amafunikira kuteteza olandila mwachangu.

Amakhalanso othamanga kwambiri, chifukwa amayenera kugwira ntchito chammbuyo, kutsogolo ndi mbali ndi mbali.

Otsatira mzere nthawi zambiri amayesa kuyimitsa kubwerera ndi omwe angalandire ndikugwirana ndi quarterback (kugonjetsa quarterback kumatchedwanso "thumba").

Amayima pakati pa mzere woteteza ndi kumbuyo kumbuyo. Ma Linebackers nthawi zambiri amakhala osewera amphamvu kwambiri pamunda.

Ndiwo akapitawo a chitetezo ndipo ali ndi udindo woitanira masewero otetezera.

Woponya mpira amaponya zigoli mubwalo ndikukankha.

Woponya mpira amakankha mpira pa 'punts'. Mpikisano ndi kukankha komwe wosewera mpira amaponya ndikuponya mpira kupita ku timu yoteteza itangofika pansi. 

Kodi Special Teams ndi chiyani?

Gawo lachitatu ndi lomaliza la gulu lirilonse ndi magulu apadera.

Magulu apadera amayang'ana momwe munda uliri ndikulowa m'munda mosiyanasiyana, monga:

1. Yambani (kubwerera)
2. Point (kubwerera)
3. Chigoli chamunda

Masewera aliwonse amayamba ndi kukankha. Woponya mpira amaika mpirawo papulatifomu ndikuuponya kutali kwambiri ndi gulu lomwe likuukira.

Gulu lomwe lidzalandira mpirawo (kickoff return team) liyesetsa kugwira mpirawo ndikuthamangira nawo mobwelezabweleza.

Wonyamula mpira akakankhidwa, kusewera kutha ndipo magulu apadera amachoka pabwalo.

Gulu lomwe linali ndi mpira tsopano limasewera polimbana, pomwe wonyamula mpira adakankhidwa, ndipo timu yolimbana nayo idzasewera poteteza.

'Punter' ndi wosewera yemwe 'amaponya' kapena kuponya mpira (koma nthawi ino kuchokera m'manja).

Mwachitsanzo, ngati kuukira kwafika mu 4th pansi, m'malo moyesera kuti wina ayambe kutsika, akhoza kuloza mpirawo - kuutumiza kutali ndi mbali yawo ya bwalo momwe mungathere kuti musawononge mpirawo. pafupi ndi mbali yawo.

Angaganizirenso kuyesa kugoletsa chigoli m’munda.

Chigoli cham'munda: Pali zigoli zazikulu zachikasu zolumikizidwa ndi mtanda kumapeto kwa bwalo lililonse la mpira.

Gulu litha kusankha kuyesa kugoletsa zigoli zitatu pamunda.

Njirayi ikuphatikizapo wosewera mpira kunyamula mpirawo molunjika pansi ndipo wosewera wina akukankha mpirawo.

Kapena m'malo mwake nthawi zina mpira umakwera ndipo mpira umakankhidwira kutali.

Mpira uyenera kuwomberedwa pamwamba pa mtanda ndi pakati pa nsanamira. Chifukwa chake, zolinga zakumunda nthawi zambiri zimatengedwa pa 4th pansi kapena kumapeto kwa machesi.

Kodi masewera a mpira waku America amayenda bwanji?

Masewera a mpira waku America amakhala ndi magawo anayi ('kota'), ndipo wotchi imayimitsidwa ikachitika chilichonse.

Pansipa mutha kuwerenga momwe masewera a mpira amayendera:

1. Machesi aliwonse amayamba ndi kuponya ndalama
2. Ndiye pali kuyambika
3. Ndi kukankha, malo a mpira amatsimikiziridwa ndipo masewera akhoza kuyamba
4. Timu iliyonse ili ndi zoyeserera 4 kupititsa mpira patsogolo mayadi 10

Kumayambiriro kwa masewero aliwonse pamakhala kuponyedwa kakobiri kuti musankhe timu yomwe iyambe yatenga mpira komanso mbali iti ya bwalo yomwe ikufuna kuyamba. 

Masewerowa amayamba ndi kuyambika, kapena kuyambika, komwe ndangonena kumene m'magulu apadera.

Woponya mpira wa timu yoteteza amakankhira mpira ku timu yotsutsa.

Mpira umakankhidwa kuchokera pamwamba, ndipo umatengedwa kuchokera ku mzere wa 30-yard (mu NFL) kapena mzere wa 35-yard mu mpira wa koleji.

Wobwezera mpira wa timu yotsutsanayo amayesa kugwira mpirawo ndi kuthamanga patsogolo momwe angathere ndi mpirawo.

Kumene amamenyedwa ndi pomwe kuwukira kumayambira - kapena masewero owukira.

Ngati wobwezera mpirawo agwira mpira kumalo ake omalizira, akhoza kusankha kuthamanga ndi mpirawo kapena kusankha touchback pogwada kumapeto.

Pamapeto pake, gulu lolandira limayamba kuyendetsa galimoto kuchokera pamzere wake wamayadi 20.

Kukhudzanso kumachitika pamene mpira ukutuluka kumapeto. Ma punts ndi ma turnover kumapeto kwa zone amathanso kutha ndi touchbacks.

Monga tanenera kale, gulu lirilonse limakhala ndi maulendo 4 (kuyesera) kupititsa patsogolo mayadi 10 kapena kuposerapo. Matimu amatha kuponya mpira kapena kuthamanga ndi mpira kuti apange mabwalo awa.

Gululo likapita patsogolo osachepera mayadi 10, amapezanso zoyeserera zina 4.

Kulephera kupanga mayadi 10 mutatha kutsika kwa 4 kumabweretsa kusintha (pokhala ndi mpira kupita ku gulu lotsutsa).

Kodi kutsika kumatha liti?

Kutsika kumatha, ndipo mpirawo ndi 'wakufa', pambuyo pa chimodzi mwa izi:

• Wosewera yemwe ali ndi mpira amabweretsedwa pansi (kugwedezeka) kapena kuyenda kwake kumayimitsidwa ndi mamembala a timu yotsutsana.
• Kupita kutsogolo kumachoka malire kapena kugunda pansi asanagwidwe. Izi zimatchedwa chiphaso chosakwanira. Mpira umabwezeredwa pamalo ake oyamba pabwalo lamasewera otsatirawa.
• Mpira kapena wosewera mpira amapita kunja kwa malire.
• Timu yagoletsa.
• Pa touchback: Mpira ukakhala 'wakufa' kumapeto kwa timu ndipo wotsutsayo ndi amene adapatsa mpira mphamvu zomwe zidapangitsa kuti usunthe pamzere wolowera kumapeto.

Osewera amaimba mluzu kudziwitsa osewera onse kuti kutsika kwatha. Downs amadziwikanso kuti 'masewera'.

Kodi mumapeza bwanji mapointsi mu mpira waku America?

Pali njira zingapo zopezera ma point mu mpira waku America. Chodziwika kwambiri ndi kumene touchdown, yomwe imapereka mfundo zambiri. 

Koma pali njira zina:

1. Kugwedeza
2. PAT (cholinga chamunda) kapena kutembenuka kwa mfundo ziwiri
3. Cholinga chamunda (nthawi iliyonse)
4. kusankha zisanu
5. Safety

Mumagoletsa kugunda - komwe kumapereka mfundo zosachepera 6 - pothamanga ndi mpira kumapeto, kapena kugwira mpira kumapeto. 

Pambuyo pakugoletsa kugunda, gulu lomwe lagoletsa lili ndi njira ziwiri.

Ikhoza kusankha malo owonjezera ('kutembenuza mfundo imodzi', 'malo owonjezera' kapena 'PAT'= mfundo pambuyo potsika') kudzera pa cholinga chamunda.

Chisankhochi ndichofala kwambiri chifukwa tsopano ndikosavuta kugoletsa chigoli mubwalo popeza gulu lomwe likuukira silili kutali ndi zigoli.

Gululo likhozanso kusankha kupanga kutembenuka kwa mfundo ziwiri.

Uku ndikuyesa kukhudzanso kwina, kuchokera pa mayadi awiri, ndipo kukhudza uku ndikoyenera 2 mfundo.

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, gulu likhoza kuyesa kuwombera mpira kudzera m'mizati ya zigoli nthawi ina iliyonse (kumunda wagolidi), koma magulu nthawi zambiri amangochita izi akakhala ochepera kapena kuchepera pakati pa mayadi 20 kapena 40 kuchokera pa goli.

Timu isaike pachiwopsezo choponya mpira ngati ili kutali kwambiri ndi mizati ya zigoli, chifukwa patali kwambiri, kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuti mpirawo udutse pamapawo.

Chigoli cham'munda chikalephera, wotsutsa amalandira mpira pomwe mpirawo unakankhidwira.

Cholinga cha m'munda nthawi zambiri chimaganiziridwa kumapeto komaliza, ndipo kukankha bwino kumakhala ndi mfundo zitatu.

Pazigoli za m'munda, wosewera m'modzi amaugwira mpirawo mopingasa pansi, ndipo wina amawombera mpirawo kudutsa m'mbali mwa zigoli ndi kupitirira pampiringidzo kuseri kwa malo omalizira.

Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolakwa zomwe zimapindula, chitetezo chikhozanso kupeza mfundo.

Ngati chitetezo chadutsa ('kusankha') kapena kukakamiza wosewera mpira kuti aphwanye (kuponya) mpirawo, akhoza kuthamangitsa mpira kumalo omalizira a mdaniyo kuti apeze mfundo zisanu ndi chimodzi, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti 'pick called six'.

Chitetezo chimachitika pamene gulu lodzitchinjiriza limatha kuthana ndi mdani yemwe akuwukira m'malo awo omwe; chifukwa cha izi, timu yoteteza imalandira ma point 2.

Ma faulo ena (makamaka kutsekereza zolakwika) ochitidwa ndi osewera omwe akuwukira kumapeto kumabweretsanso chitetezo.

Gulu lomwe lili ndi mapointi ambiri kumapeto kwa masewerawa limadziwika kuti ndilopambana.

Ngati mapointsi afanana, nthawi yowonjezereka imabwera pamene matimu akusewera kotala yowonjezera mpaka atapambana.

Masewera a mpira waku America amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Machesi amatenga 'makota' anayi a mphindi 15 (kapena nthawi zina mphindi 12, mwachitsanzo m'masukulu apamwamba).

Izi zikuyenera kutanthauza mphindi 60 zakusewera, mungaganize.

Komabe, stopwatch imayimitsidwa nthawi zambiri; monga zophophonya, timu ikagoletsa kapena podutsa palibe amene angagwire mpirawo usanafike pansi (“pass incomplete”).

Wotchiyo imayambanso kuthamanga pamene mpirawo wayikidwanso pabwalo ndi woyimbira masewero.

Chifukwa chake machesi amagawidwa magawo anayi a mphindi 12 kapena 15.

Pakati pa 1st ndi 2nd ndi 3rd ndi 4th quarters yopuma ya 2 mphindi imatengedwa ndipo pakati pa 2nd ndi 3rd quarters 12 kapena 15 mphindi imatengedwa (nthawi yopuma).

Chifukwa choyimitsa wotchi imayimitsidwa nthawi zambiri, machesi nthawi zina amatha mpaka maola atatu.

Pambuyo pa kotala iliyonse, magulu amasinthana mbali. Gulu lomwe lili ndi mpira likhalabe ndi gawo chigawo chotsatira.

Gulu lowukira lili ndi masekondi 40 kuchokera kumapeto kwa masewera omwe adapatsidwa kuti ayambe masewera atsopano.

Ngati gulu silinakhale pa nthawi yake, lidzalangidwa ndi kutsika kwa mayadi 5.

Ngati amangidwa pambuyo pa mphindi 60, nthawi yowonjezera ya mphindi 15 idzaseweredwa. Mu NFL, gulu lomwe limapeza kugunda koyamba (imfa yadzidzidzi) limapambana.

Chigoli cha m'munda chingathenso kupangitsa timu kupambana mu nthawi yowonjezera, koma ngati magulu onse ali ndi mpira.

M'masewera okhazikika a NFL, pomwe palibe timu yomwe imapeza nthawi yowonjezera, tayi imakhalabe. Mumasewera a playoff a NFL, nthawi yowonjezera imaseweredwa, ngati kuli kofunikira, kuti mudziwe wopambana.

Malamulo owonjezera nthawi yaku koleji ndi ovuta kwambiri.

Kodi nthawi yopuma ndi chiyani?

Otsogolera gulu lililonse amaloledwa kupempha nthawi yopuma, monga momwe zimachitikira m'masewera ena.

Nthawi yopuma itha kufunsidwa ndi mphunzitsi popanga manja ake ngati 'T' ndikulankhula izi kwa woweruza.

Nthawi yopuma ndi nthawi yopuma yochepa kuti mphunzitsi azitha kulankhulana ndi timu yake, kuswa liwiro la timu yotsutsana, kupumula osewera, kapena kupewa kuchedwa kapena chilango cha masewera.

Timu iliyonse ili ndi ufulu kutulutsa katatu patheka. Pamene mphunzitsi akufuna kuyitanitsa nthawi, ayenera kulankhula izi kwa woweruza.

Wotchi imayimitsidwa pakatha nthawi. Osewera ali ndi nthawi yopumira, kumwa, komanso osewera amathanso kusinthidwa.

Mu mpira waku koleji, timu iliyonse imapeza nthawi 3 pa theka. Nthawi iliyonse yotha imatha mpaka masekondi 90.

Ngati kutha kwa nthawi sikunagwiritsidwe ntchito mu theka loyamba, sikungapitirire mu theka lachiwiri.

Munthawi yowonjezereka, timu iliyonse imapeza nthawi yokwanira kotala, mosasamala kanthu kuti adamaliza masewera angati.

Kutha kwa nthawi ndizosankha ndipo sikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Komanso mu NFL, gulu lirilonse limalandira nthawi 3 pa theka, koma nthawi yopuma imatha mpaka mphindi ziwiri. Mu nthawi yowonjezera, timu iliyonse imapeza nthawi ziwiri.

Kodi mpira umaseweredwa bwanji?

Gawo lirilonse limayamba ndi kukankha kapena kukankha. Koma matimu amayambiranso atagoletsa ma touchdown ndi zigoli zam'munda. 

Kupatula koyambirira kwa theka ndi pambuyo pa mphambu, mpira, amatchedwanso chikopa cha nkhumba, nthawi zonse amalowetsedwa ndi 'snap'. 

Mwachidule, osewera owukira amakhala pamzere motsutsana ndi osewera omwe akuteteza pamzere wa scrimmage (mzere wongoyerekeza pamunda pomwe kusewera kumayambira).

Mmodzi wosewera mpira, pakati, ndiye amadutsa (kapena "kudumpha") mpira pakati pa miyendo yake kwa mnzake, kawirikawiri quarterback.

Kenako quarterback imabweretsa mpira kusewera.

Pambuyo pachitetezo - timu yoteteza ikakwanitsa kuthana ndi mdani wake kumapeto kwake - (musasokoneze izi ndi malo otetezedwa!) - gulu lomwe likuukira limabweretsa mpirawo ndi mfundo kapena kukankha kuchokera pamasewera ake 20! mzere wa yard.

Otsutsana nawo ayenera kugwira mpirawo ndikuubweretsa patsogolo momwe angathere (kuyambiranso) kuti kuwukira kwawo kuyambirenso pamalo abwino kwambiri.

Osewera angasunthe bwanji mpira?

Osewera amatha kuyendetsa mpira m'njira ziwiri:

1. Pothamanga ndi mpira
2. Poponya mpirawo

Kuthamanga ndi mpira kumadziwikanso kuti 'kuthamanga'. Kawirikawiri quarterback amapereka mpira kwa mnzake.

Kuonjezera apo, mpirawo ukhoza kuponyedwa, womwe umadziwika kuti 'forward pass'. Kupita patsogolo ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri amasiyanitsa mpira waku America kuchokera, mwa zina, rugby.

Wowukirayo atha kuponya mpira patsogolo kamodzi pamasewera komanso kuchokera kuseri kwa mzere wa scrimmage. Mpira ukhoza kuponyedwa cham'mbali kapena kumbuyo nthawi iliyonse.

Kupambana kotereku kumadziwika kuti lateral pass ndipo sikudziwika kwambiri mu mpira waku America kuposa rugby.

Kodi mungasinthe bwanji kukhala ndi mpira?

Matimu akasinthana ndi osewera, timu yomwe yangosewera molakwika tsopano imasewera chitetezo, ndipo mosemphanitsa.

Kusintha kwa katundu kumachitika pazifukwa izi:

• Ngati kuukira sikunapite patsogolo mayadi 10 pambuyo pa kutsika zinayi 
• Pambuyo kugoletsa touchdown kapena kumunda chigoli
• Zolephera zapamunda
• Woperewera
• Kukhomerera
• Kutsegulira
• Safety

Ngati timu yowukirayo itatha 4 kutsika, yalephera kusuntha mpira kutsogolo kwa mayadi 10, timu yotsutsanayo imayang'anira mpira pomwe masewera adathera.

Kusintha kwa katundu uku kumatchedwa "turnover on downs".

Ngati wolakwayo apeza goli kapena chigoli chapamunda, timuyi imakankhira mpira kupita ku timu inayo, yomwe idzalandira mpirawo.

Ngati timu yowukirayo yalephera kugoletsa chigoli chapamunda, timu yotsutsayo imayamba kuwongolera mpirawo ndipo masewera atsopano amayamba pomwe masewera am'mbuyomu adayambira (kapena mu NFL komwe kumenyedwako kudapangidwa).

Ngati kukankha (kwakanika) kudatengedwa mkati mwa mayadi 20 kuchokera kumapeto, timu yotsutsana imatenga mpira pamzere wake wa mayadi 20 (ndiko kuti, mayadi 20 kuchokera kumapeto).

Kuphonya kumachitika pamene wosewera mpira akugwetsa mpira ataugwira kapena, makamaka, pambuyo pa kugonja komwe kumamukakamiza kuponya mpirawo.

Mpira ukhoza kupezedwanso ndi wotsutsa (chitetezo).

Monga momwe zimakhalira (onani m'munsimu), wosewera mpira akhoza kuthamanga ndi mpira mpaka atagwedezeka kapena kukakamizidwa kutuluka.

Mafumbles ndi interceptions onse pamodzi amatchedwa "turnovers."

Pamalo ena, gulu lomwe likuukira likuwombera mpirawo (momwe kungathekere) kupita ku gulu loteteza, monga momwe akukankhira.

Ma punts - monga tanenera kale - nthawi zambiri amapangidwa pachinayi pansi, pamene gulu lomwe likuukira silikufuna kuyika mpira pachiwopsezo ku gulu lomwe likulimbana nawo pakali pano pabwalo (chifukwa cholephera kupanga woyamba pansi) ndi akuganiza kuti mpira uli kutali kwambiri ndi mizati ya zigoli kuti uyesetse kulowa m'munda.

Wosewera woteteza akalanda mpira kuchokera kwa gulu lomwe likuukira ('kulowera'), timu yotetezayo imakhala ndi mpira.

Wosewera yemwe akudutsa amatha kuthamanga ndi mpira mpaka atagwedezeka kapena kutuluka kunja kwa mizere ya bwalo.

Wosewera wodutsayo akamenyedwa kapena kutsatiridwa, gulu loukira la timu yake limabwerera kumunda ndikutenga malo pomwe lilili.

Monga tafotokozera kale, chitetezo chimachitika pamene gulu lodzitchinjiriza limatha kulimbana ndi mdani yemwe akuwukira m'malo awo omwe.

Pazifukwa izi, timu yoteteza imalandira ma point 2 komanso imangotenga mpira. 

Basic American Football Strategy

Kwa mafani ena, chidwi chachikulu cha mpira ndi njira yopangidwa ndi makochi awiriwa kuti awonjezere mwayi wopambana masewerawo. 

Gulu lililonse lili ndi zomwe zimatchedwa 'playbook' yokhala ndi masewera makumi angapo nthawi zina mazana (omwe amatchedwanso 'masewera').

Momwemo, sewero lililonse limakhala lomveka bwino, logwirizana ndi gulu. 

Masewera ena ndi otetezeka kwambiri; mwina adzangopereka mayadi ochepa chabe.

Masewero ena ali ndi mwayi wopeza mayadi ambiri, koma ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotaya mayadi (kutayika kwa bwalo) kapena kubweza (mdani akapeza).

Nthawi zambiri, masewero othamanga (kumene mpira umathamangitsidwa nthawi yomweyo osati kuponyedwa kwa wosewera poyamba) ndizoopsa kwambiri kusiyana ndi masewero odutsa (kumene mpira umaponyedwa mwachindunji kwa wosewera mpira).

Koma palinso masewero odutsa otetezeka komanso masewero othamanga owopsa.

Kuti asokeretse gulu lotsutsa, masewero ena odutsa amapangidwa kuti azifanana ndi masewero othamanga ndi mosemphanitsa.

Pali masewero ambiri achinyengo, mwachitsanzo pamene timu ikuchita ngati ikufuna "kuloza" ndiyeno kuyesa kuthamanga ndi mpira kapena. kuponya mpira kwa kutsika koyamba.

Masewero owopsa ngati amenewa ndi osangalatsa kwambiri kwa mafani - ngati agwira ntchito. Kumbali ina, angatchule tsoka ngati mdaniyo azindikira chinyengocho ndi kuchitapo kanthu.

M'masiku apakati pamasewera, pamakhala maola ambiri okonzekera ndi njira, kuphatikiza kuwonera makanema amasewera a osewera ndi osewera komanso makochi.

Izi, komanso kufunitsitsa kwamasewera, ndichifukwa chake matimu amasewera masewera amodzi pa sabata.

Werengani komanso kufotokozera kwanga za mpira wongopeka kumene njira yabwino ndiyofunikanso kwambiri

Kodi buku lamasewera la mpira waku America ndi chiyani?

Pali mazana amasewera osiyanasiyana omwe osewera amatha kuchita pagulu lililonse. Izi zonse zili m'buku lotchedwa playbook la timu iliyonse. 

Bukhuli lili ndi njira zonse za gulu kuti lipeze mfundo zambiri momwe zingathere. Pali buku lamasewera limodzi la zolakwa ndi lina lachitetezo.

Masewerowa amapangidwa ndi otsogolera, pomwe osewera omwe akuwukira amathamangira mbali zosiyanasiyana ('njira yothamanga') ndikusintha kogwirizana ndi zochitika.

Palinso buku lamasewera lachitetezo, momwe njira zimagwiritsidwira ntchito kuteteza kuukira komanso momwe zingathere.

Mphunzitsi wamkulu kapena quarterback amasankha masewero a timu yotsutsa pamene woyang'anira chitetezo kapena wotsogolera amasankha masewera a timu yoteteza.

Kodi bwalo la mpira waku America ndi lalikulu bwanji?

Magawo ofunikira kwambiri pabwalo la mpira waku America ndi zigawo ziwiri zomaliza, imodzi yomwe ili kumapeto kwa bwalo.

Malo aliwonse omaliza ndi mayadi 10 ndipo ndi malo omwe ma touchdown amagoleredwa. Mtunda wochokera ku endzone kupita ku endzone ndi kutalika kwa mayadi 100.

Chifukwa chake bwalo la mpira waku America lili ndi mayadi 120 (pafupifupi 109 metres) m'litali ndi mayadi 53,3 (pafupifupi 49 metres).

Malo omalizira nthawi zambiri amakhala amitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti adziwike mosavuta ndi osewera.

Palinso nsanamira za zigoli (zomwe zimatchedwanso 'zokwera') kumapeto kulikonse kwa bwalo momwe woponya mpira amatha kuponyera mpira. Zigolizo ndi 18.5 mapazi (5,6 m) kutalikirana (24 mapazi kapena 7,3 m ku sekondale).

Nsanamirazo zimalumikizidwa ndi batten 3 mita kuchokera pansi. Bwalo la mpira waku America limagawidwa kukhala mizere yamayadi mayadi 5 aliwonse m'lifupi mwa bwalo.

Pakati pa mizere imeneyo mudzapeza mzere waufupi pabwalo lililonse. Mayadi 10 aliwonse amawerengedwa: 10 - 20 - 30 - 40 - 50 (pakati) - 40 - 30 - 20 - 10.

Mizere iwiri ya mizere, yomwe imadziwika kuti "mizere yolowera" kapena "mahashi," ikufanana ndi mizere yomwe ili pafupi ndipakati pamunda.

Masewera onse amayamba ndi mpira pakati kapena pakati pa ma hashi.

Kuti izi ziwonekere pang'ono, mutha onani chithunzichi kuchokera ku Sportsfy.

Zida (zida) za mpira waku America

Zida zotetezera zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mpira; kuposa momwe zimakhalira m'masewera ena.

Malinga ndi lamuloli, osewera aliyense azivala zida zoyenera kuti azisewera.

Oyimbira amawunika zida masewera asanachitike kuti awonetsetse kuti osewera avala chitetezo chofunikira kuti atsatire malangizowo.

Mutha kuwerenga zomwe osewera amagwiritsa ntchito:

• Helm
• woteteza pakamwa
• Zovala zapamapewa zokhala ndi jersey ya timu
• Lamba ndi mathalauza a mpira
• Oyeretsa
• Mwina magolovesi

Chowonjezera choyamba komanso chodziwika kwambiri ndi chisoti† Chisoticho chimapangidwa ndi pulasitiki yolimba yomwe imateteza nkhope ndi chigaza ku nkhonya zolimba.

Zipewa zimabwera nazo chigoba cha nkhope (mask), ndipo mapangidwe ake amadalira malo a osewera.

Mwachitsanzo, olandila ambiri amafunikira chophimba kumaso chotseguka kuti ayang'ane mpirawo kuti augwire.

Kumbali ina, wosewera mpira wokhumudwitsa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chigoba chotseka kumaso kuti ateteze nkhope yake kumanja ndi zala za mdani wake.

Chisoti chimagwiridwa ndi chinsalu.

Woyang'anira pakamwa nawonso amafunikira, komanso kuti muwone mwachidule zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri, werengani zambiri apa.

mapepala amapewa ndi chida china chochititsa chidwi cha wosewera mpira. Mapewa amapangidwa kuchokera ku pulasitiki yolimba yomwe imangiriridwa mwamphamvu pansi pa makhwapa.

Zovala zapamapewa zimathandiza kuteteza mapewa, komanso chapachifuwa.

Jeresiyi imavalidwa pamapewa. Majeresi ndi mbali ya zida, zomwe zimasonyeza mitundu ya timu ndi chizindikiro.

Nambala ya wosewerayo ndi dzina lake ziyeneranso kuphatikizidwa. Nambala ndizofunikira, chifukwa osewera ayenera kugwera mumtundu wina kutengera malo awo.

Izi zimathandiza ma referee dziwani yemwe angagwire mpira ndi omwe sangagwire (chifukwa si osewera aliyense amene angagwire mpirawo ndikuthamanga nawo!).

M'magulu otsika, osewera nthawi zambiri amaloledwa kusankha nambala yawoyawo, zomwe siziyenera kukhudzana ndi momwe alili pabwalo.

Ma Jerseys amapangidwa ndi zinthu zofewa za nayiloni zokhala ndi manambala kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo.

Grille ndi mathalauza olimba okhala ndi chitetezo chomwe mumavala pansi pa mpikisano wanu kapena mathalauza ophunzitsira.

Lamba limapereka chitetezo ku chiuno, ntchafu ndi mchira. Ma lamba ena alinso ndi chitetezo chomangidwira mawondo. Kuti mupeze mabizinesi abwino kwambiri dinani apa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito osewera nsapato zokhala ndi cleats, zomwe zimafanana kwambiri ndi nsapato za mpira.

Kutengera malo anu pa phula (ndi malo omwe mumasewera), mitundu ina ndi yabwino kuposa ina. Amapereka mphamvu yokwanira ndi chitonthozo.

Magolovesi siwokakamiza, koma nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa.

Zitha kuthandiza osewera kuti agwire bwino mpira, kapena kuteteza manja awo.

Mukuyang'ana magolovesi atsopano a mpira? Werengani apa zomwe zili zabwino kwambiri.

Nambala za jersey za NFL

Dongosolo la manambala a jezi la NFL limatengera momwe osewera alili. Koma wosewera aliyense - posatengera nambala yake - akhoza kusewera mu malo ena aliwonse.

Si zachilendo kuthamangira kumbuyo kusewera ngati wolandila kwambiri nthawi zina, kapena kwa lineman kapena linebacker kusewera ngati fullback kapena mapeto olimba mumikhalidwe yaifupi yardage.

Komabe, osewera omwe avala manambala 50-79 akuyenera kudziwitsa woyimbirayo pasadakhale ngati akuseweredwa popereka lipoti la nambala yosayenera pamalo oyenera.

Osewera omwe avala nambalayi saloledwa kugwira mpira chonchi.

Nawa onse ement-b20b5b37-e428-487d-a6e1-733e166faebd” class=”textannotation disambiguated wl-thing” itemid=”https://data.wordlift.io/wl146820/entity/rules”>malamulo a manambala a jersey :

• 1-19: Quarterback, Kicker, Punter, Wide Receiver, Running Back
• 20-29: Kuthamanga Kumbuyo, Pakona Kumbuyo, Chitetezo
• 30-39: Kuthamanga Kumbuyo, Pakona Kumbuyo, Chitetezo
• 40-49: Kuthamangira Kumbuyo, Mapeto Olimba, Pakona, Chitetezo
• 50-59: Mzere Wokhumudwitsa, Mzere Woteteza, Linebacker
• 60-69: Mzere Wowononga, Mzere Woteteza
• 70-79: Mzere Wowononga, Mzere Woteteza
• 80-89: Wide Receiver, Mapeto Olimba
• 90-99: Mzere Woteteza, Linebacker

M'masewera a pre-season, pamene magulu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi osewera ambiri otsala, osewera amaloledwa kuvala manambala kunja kwa malamulo omwe ali pamwambawa.

Gulu lomaliza likakhazikitsidwa, osewera adzawerengedwanso m'mawu omwe ali pamwambapa.

Zilango mu mpira waku America

Kuti masewerawa asamayende bwino, ochita masewerowa amayang'ana nthawi, amayimba mluzu pamene wosewera akumenyedwa (chifukwa ndi nthawi yomwe masewera amatha), ndikuponyera mbendera m'mwamba pamene zolakwa zachitika.

Woyimbira masewero aliyense akhoza kukweza mbendera yachilango chachikasu pafupi ndi malo olakwira.

Mbendera ya penalty ikuwonetsa kuti woyimbira mlandu wapeza penalti ndipo akufuna kuchenjeza osewera, makochi ndi osewera ena. 

Zilango nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa mayadi oyipa kwa gulu lomwe lalakwa (kumene woyimbira masewero amayika mpira kumbuyo ndipo timu idzataya mayadi).

Zilango zina zodzitetezera zimapatsa mbali yomwe ikuwukirayo kuti ifike poyambira. 

Zilango zowonjezera zimawonetsedwa ndi woweruza yemweyo poponya thumba la nyemba kapena kapu yake.

Masewera akatha, timu yovulalayo ili ndi chisankho chotenga chilango ndikuseweranso pansi kapena kusunga zotsatira zamasewera am'mbuyomu ndikupita kumunsi wina.

Mu gawo ili pansipa ndikambirana zilango zodziwika bwino.

Kuyamba konyenga

Kuti ayambitse masewera oyenera, osewera a timu yomwe ili nayo (cholakwa) ayenera kuyimilira.

Wosewera m'modzi yekha (koma osati wosewera pamzere wokhumudwitsa) atha kuyenda, koma nthawi zonse amafanana ndi mzere wa scrimmage. 

Kuyambika kwabodza kumachitika pamene wosewera mpira akusuntha mpira usanayambe. 

Zimenezi n’zofanana ndi kuchoka pamalo ake n’kuyamba mpikisano wothamanga asanawombe mfuti.

Kusuntha kulikonse kochitidwa ndi wosewera yemwe akuyerekeza kuyamba kwamasewera atsopano amalangidwa ndikubwezeredwa kwa mayadi 5 (mpirawo kubwezeredwa mayadi 5).

Kumbali

Offside amatanthauza offside. Offside ndi mlandu womwe wosewera ali kumbali yolakwika pamzere wa crimmage mpira 'wadutsidwa' ndipo motero wayamba kusewera.

Wosewera wa timu yoteteza akawoloka mzere wa scrimmage masewera asanayambe, amatengedwa ngati offside.

Monga chilango, chitetezo chimabwereranso mayadi 5.

Osewera oteteza, mosiyana ndi cholakwacho, akhoza kukhala akuyenda mpira usanayambe, koma osadutsa mzere wa crimmage.

Offside ndi mlandu womwe umachitika makamaka ndi chitetezo, komanso ukhoza kuchitika pakuwukira.

atagwira kampani

Pamasewera, wosewera mpira yekha ndi amene angagwire. 

Kugwira wosewera yemwe alibe mpira akuti akugwira. Pali kusiyana pakati pa kugwidwa kokhumudwitsa ndi kusunga chitetezo.

Ngati wowukira akugwira woteteza (kugwirizira kokhumudwitsa) ndipo wosewerayo amagwiritsa ntchito manja, mikono, kapena ziwalo zina za thupi lake kuti aletse wosewera mpira kuti asagonjetse wonyamulira mpira, gulu lake limalangidwa ndi dontho la mayadi 10.

Ngati wosewera kumbuyo akugwira wowukira (chitetezo chodzitchinjiriza), ndipo wosewerayo akulimbana kapena kugwira wosewera yemwe alibe mpira, timu yake imataya mayadi 5 ndipo kuukirako kumangopambana koyamba.

Kudutsa kusokoneza

Woteteza sayenera kukankhira kapena kukhudza wowukirayo kuti asagwire mpira. Payenera kukhala kukhudzana kokha pamene akufuna kugwira mpira.

Kusokoneza kwa pass kumachitika pamene wosewera mpira alumikizana mosaloledwa ndi wosewera wina yemwe akufuna kugwira bwino. 

Malinga ndi bukhu la malamulo la NFL, kusokoneza kuphatikizira kumaphatikizapo kugwira, kukoka, ndi kugwetsa wosewera mpira, ndi kubweretsa manja pankhope ya wosewera mpira, kapena kupanga kudula kutsogolo kwa wolandira.

Monga chilango, gululi likupitirizabe kuwukira kuchokera kumalo ophwanya, kuwerengera ngati 1st pansi.

Zoyipa zamunthu (zoyipa zamunthu)

Zolakwa zaumwini zimatengedwa ngati zolakwa kwambiri mu mpira chifukwa zimaphwanya malamulo a ulemu ndi masewera.

Kuyimba mpira ndi mlandu womwe umabwera chifukwa chamasewera ankhanza kapena auve omwe amaika wosewera wina pachiwopsezo chovulaza wosewera wina. 

Zitsanzo za zolakwa za munthu ndi izi:

• kukhudzana kwa chisoti
• Chipewa chotsutsana ndi mawondo a mdani
• gwira ntchito panja
• kapena china chilichonse chomwe wosewera mpira amachiwona ngati chotsutsana ndi masewera

Chilango cha mayadi 15 chimaperekedwa ndipo timu yovulala imapatsidwa 1st pansi.

Kuchedwetsa masewera

Masewera amodzi akatha, masewera otsatira amayamba. Owukira ayenera kubwezera mpirawo koloko yamasewera isanathe.

Mu mpira waku America, timu yochita zoipa imalangidwa mayadi 5 chifukwa chochedwetsa kusewera ngati ilephera kusewera mpirawo mwaphokoso kapena kuponya mwaulere koloko yamasewera isanathe. 

Nthawi imeneyi imasiyana ndi mpikisano, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala masekondi 25 kuchokera nthawi yomwe woyimbira mpirayo akuwonetsa kuti mpira wakonzeka kuseweredwa.

Chotchinga kumbuyo

Lamulo ndiloti midadada yonse ya mpira iyenera kupangidwa kuchokera kutsogolo, osati kumbuyo. 

Kumbuyo kwa chipilala chosaloledwa ndi chilango chomwe chimatchedwa mu mpira pamene wosewera mpira akukhudzana ndi thupi pamwamba pa chiuno ndi kumbuyo ndi wotsutsa yemwe alibe mpira. 

Chilangochi chimabweretsa chilango cha mayadi 10 kuchokera pamalo olakwira.

Mawu akuti 'kukhudzana ndi thupi' amatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito manja kapena manja ake kukankhira wotsutsana naye kumbuyo m'njira yomwe imakhudza kayendetsedwe kake. 

Kutsekereza pansi pa chiuno

Izi zimaphatikizapo 'kutsekereza' wosewera yemwe sali wonyamulira mpira.

Pamalo osaloledwa omwe ali pansi pa chiuno (kuchokera mbali iliyonse), wotsekereza amagwiritsa ntchito phewa lake mosavomerezeka kuti alumikizane ndi woteteza pansi pa lamba wake. 

Ndizosaloledwa chifukwa zimatha kuvulaza kwambiri - makamaka pamabondo ndi akakolo - ndipo ndi mwayi wopanda chilungamo kwa blocker chifukwa kusunthako kumalepheretsa wotetezayo.

Chilango ndi mayadi 15 ku NFL, NCAA (koleji/yunivesite), komanso kusekondale. Mu NFL, kutsekereza pansi pa chiuno sikuloledwa pamasewera okankha komanso mutasintha kukhala.

Kuwaza

Kudulira ndikoletsedwa chifukwa kumatha kuyambitsa kuvulala, kuphatikizapo chikole ndi cruciate ligaments ndi meniscus.

Clipping ndikuukira wotsutsa pansi pachiuno kuchokera kumbuyo, pokhapokha wotsutsayo alibe mpira.

Kudulira kumaphatikizanso kudzigudubuza pamiyendo ya mdani mutatha chipika.

Nthawi zambiri sizololedwa, koma mu National Soccer League ndizovomerezeka kudumpha pamwamba pa bondo pamasewera oyandikira.

Mzere wapafupi ndi malo omwe ali pakati pa malo omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zida zokhumudwitsa. Imafikira mayadi atatu mbali iliyonse ya mzere wa scrimmage.

M'masewera ambiri, chilango chodula ndi mayadi 15, ndipo ngati atachitidwa ndi chitetezo, amangotsika. 

chop block

Chop chipika sichiloledwa ndipo chimachitika pamene wosewera mpira watsekedwa ndi otsutsa awiri, wina wapamwamba ndi wina wotsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti wosewerayo agwe.

Chop block ndi chipika chopangidwa ndi wowukira pomwe wosewera wowukira amatsekereza wosewera kumbuyo pa ntchafu kapena pansi, pomwe wosewera wina akuukira yemweyo pamwamba pachiuno.

Sichilango ngati wotsutsa wa blocker ayambitsa kulumikizana pamwamba pa chiuno, kapena ngati blocker ayesa kuthawa mdani wake ndipo kukhudzana sikunali mwadala.

Chilango cha chop block yosaloledwa ndi kutaya mayadi 15.

Kukankha woponya / punter/chogwira

Kukankha woponya mpira ndi pamene wosewera mpira wotetezayo agundana ndi woponya mpira pa nthawi yamasewera.

Nthawi zambiri chilango chowawa chimaperekedwa ngati kukhudzana ndi woponyayo kuli koopsa.

Kukankha woponya mpira/ punter kumachitika pamene woponya mpira agwira mwendo wa woponyayo pamene mwendo wake woponya udakali m’mwamba, kapena kukhudzana ndi woponya mpirayo atakhala pansi. 

Lamuloli limagwiranso ntchito kwa wosewera mpira yemwe ali ndi mpira wopanda chitetezo.

Sicholakwa ngati kukhudzanako sikuli koopsa, kapena ngati woponya mpira waponya mapazi onse pansi asanakumane ndi kugwera pansi pa mtetezi.

Chilango cha kuphwanya koteroko m'mipikisano yambiri ndi mayadi 15 ndikuyamba kutsika.

Ngati kuphwanya koteroko kwachitika, gulu lomwe latsala pang'ono kusiya katunduyo pamfundo inayake limakhalabe nalo.

Ngati kuphwanya kwachitika pa chigoli chomwe chakhomedwa bwino, bwalo lidzawunikidwa pakayambika kotsatira, pokhapokha ngati gulu lomwe likuukira lisankha kuvomera chiwongolerocho ndikupitiliza kuyendetsa galimotoyo ndi chiyembekezo chopeza kugunda, komwe kumatchedwa "kutenga". amatuluka pa board”.

Osasokoneza chilangochi ndi 'kuthamangira woponya mpira' (onani pansipa).  

Kuthamangira mu kicker

Kuthamangira woponya mpira kumaonedwa kuti ndi kocheperapo poyerekeza ndi kukankha woponya.

Zimachitika pamene wosewera mpira wotetezayo akhudza mwendo wa woponya mpira kapena pamene waletsa woponya mpira kuti asatsike bwinobwino ndi mapazi ake onse pansi atamenya.

Ngati wosewera wodzitchinjiriza akamenya mwendo wakumenya woponya, ndiye kuti akuthamangira kwa woponyayo. 

Kuthamangira woponya mpira ndi chilango chochepa kwambiri ndipo ndikuluza kwa mayadi 5 ku timu.

Ndi chimodzi mwa zilango zochepa zomwe sizimabwera ndi kutsika kodziwikiratu, monga offside.

Kukalipira wodutsa

Oteteza amaloledwa kulumikizana ndi osewera yemwe akufuna kuponya mpira kutsogolo pomwe ali ndi mpira (monga thumba la quarterback).

Komabe, mpirawo ukatulutsidwa, oteteza samaloledwa kulumikizana ndi quarterback pokhapokha atalimbikitsidwa ndi liwiro.

Chigamulo chokhudza ngati kukhudzana pambuyo pa kutulutsidwa kwa mpira kunali chifukwa cha kuphwanya kapena kuthamanga kumapangidwa ndi woweruza pazochitika.

Kukalipira wodutsayo ndi mlandu womwe wosewera woteteza amalumikizana mosaloledwa ndi quarterback ataponya chiphaso chakutsogolo.

Chilango ndi mayadi 10 kapena 15, kutengera ligi, komanso kutsika kodziwikiratu chifukwa cholakwa.

Kukankha wodutsa kungatchulidwenso ngati wotetezayo achita zinthu zowopsa kwa wodutsayo, monga kumunyamula ndikumukanikiza pansi, kapena kulimbana naye.

Itha kutchedwanso ngati wosewera yemwe akudutsa wodutsayo alumikizana ndi chisoti kapena chisoti, kapena agwera pa wodutsayo ndi kulemera kwathunthu kwa thupi lake.

Kupatulapo pa lamulo lovutitsa ndi pamene wodutsayo akulowanso kusewera pambuyo poponya mpira, monga kuyesa kutsekereza, kukonza fumble, kapena kuthana ndi wosewera yemwe watenga mpirawo.

Pazochitikazi, wodutsayo amatengedwa ngati wosewera wina aliyense ndipo akhoza kukhudzidwa mwalamulo.

Kukalipira wodutsa sikukhudzanso zodutsa zam'mbali kapena zopita kumbuyo.

Kusokoneza

Kulowerera kumakhala ndi matanthauzidwe osiyanasiyana m'magulu / mipikisano yosiyanasiyana. Chofanana ndi chilango: kutanthauza kutayika kwa mayadi 5.

Mu NFL, kulowerera kumachitika pamene wosewera wodzitchinjiriza akuwoloka mosaloledwa pamzere wa scrimmage ndikulumikizana ndi mdani kapena ali ndi njira yomveka yopita ku quarterback mpira usanaseweredwe. 

Masewerawa amaimitsidwa nthawi yomweyo, monga ndi chiyambi chabodza. Kuphwanya uku kungakhale chilango cha offside mu NCAA.

Kusukulu yasekondale, kulowerera kumaphatikizapo kuwoloka ULIWONSE wa malo osalowerera ndale ndi chitetezo, kaya kukhudzana kapena ayi.

Ndizofanana ndi offside/offside, kupatula izi zikachitika, masewerawa saloledwa kuyamba.

Monga offside, timu yolakwira imalangidwa ndi mayadi 5.

Mu NCAA, chilango cholowera chimatchedwa ngati wosewera mpira akudutsa pamzere wa scrimmage pakati atakhudza mpira koma sanawugwiritsebe.

Palibe kulowerera kwa osewera oteteza mpira waku koleji.

Kugundana kwa chisoti kwa chisoti

Kulumikizana kotereku kumawonedwa ngati kowopsa ndi akuluakulu a ligi patatha zaka zambiri chifukwa chotha kuvulaza kwambiri.

Maligi akuluakulu a mpira, monga NFL, Canadian Football League (CFL), ndi NCAA, atenga malingaliro okhwima pa kugunda kwa chisoti ndi chisoti.

Chilimbikitsocho chinali kufufuza kwa Congression pa zotsatira za kutsutsana mobwerezabwereza kwa osewera mpira ndi zatsopano zomwe zapezedwa zokhudzana ndi matenda opweteka kwambiri a ubongo (CTE).

Kuvulala kwina kotheka ndi kuvulala kumutu, kuvulala kwa msana, ngakhale imfa. 

Kugundana kwa chisoti ndi chisoti ndizochitika pomwe zipewa za osewera awiri zimalumikizana ndi mphamvu zambiri.

Kuchititsa dala kugundana kwa chisoti ndi chisoti ndi chilango m'mipikisano yambiri ya mpira.

Chilango ndi mayadi 15, ndi 1 basi pansi.

Opanga zipewa amasintha nthawi zonse mapangidwe awo kuti ateteze bwino ogwiritsa ntchito awo kuvulala komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zovuta zotere.

kolala ya akavalo

Kulimbana ndi kavalo wa kavalo kumakhala koopsa kwambiri chifukwa cha malo ovuta a wosewera mpira, yemwe nthawi zambiri amatha kugwa cham'mbuyo pokhotakhota ndi mwendo umodzi kapena onse awiri atagwidwa pansi pa kulemera kwa thupi lake.

Izi zimaipiraipira ngati phazi la wosewerayo ligwidwa mumtunda ndi kulemera kwa wotetezera. 

Kulimbana ndi kavalo wa kavalo ndi njira yomwe wotetezera amamenyana ndi wosewera wina pogwira kolala yam'mbuyo ya jersey kapena kumbuyo kwa mapewa ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakokera wonyamulira mpirayo pansi kuti atulutse mapazi ake pansi pake. 

Kuvulala kotheka kumaphatikizapo cruciate ligament sprains kapena misozi m'mabondo (kuphatikizapo ACL ndi MCL) ndi akakolo, ndi fractures ya tibia ndi fibula.

Komabe, kukwera pamahatchi kochitidwa pafupi ndi mzere wa scrimmage kumaloledwa.

Mu NFL, kukankhira kavalo pamahatchi kumabweretsa chilango cha mayadi 15 komanso kutsika koyamba ngati atapangidwa ndi chitetezo.

Nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa chindapusa choperekedwa ndi wosewera mpira.

Chilango cha nkhope ya nkhope

Chilangochi chikhoza kuperekedwa kwa osewera olakwa, chitetezo ndi magulu apadera. Kukhudzana mwangozi ndi chisoti nthawi zambiri sikulangidwa. 

Palibe wosewera yemwe amaloledwa chigoba cha nkhope gwira kapena kukoka kwa wosewera wina.

Chilangocho chimafikira pakugwira mbali zina za chisoti, kuphatikiza mphete, mabowo a makutu ndi zotchingira. 

Chifukwa chachikulu cha lamuloli ndi chitetezo cha osewera.

Ndizowopsa kwambiri ndipo zimatha kuvulaza khosi ndi mutu, popeza chisoti chimatha kukokera m'mwamba molunjika komwe thupi likuyenda.

Nthawi zambiri zimasiyidwa ku lingaliro la woyimbira njuga ngati kukhudzanako ndi mwadala kapena mwadala mokwanira kuti apereke chilango cha nkhope.

Mu mpira wa kusekondale, wosewera amatha kulandira chilango cha chigoba pongogwira chipewa cha wosewera wina.

Lamuloli cholinga chake ndikuteteza osewera achichepere.

Mu mpira waku koleji, komabe, NCAA imatsatira malamulo ofanana ndi a NFL, pomwe kugwira ndi kuwongolera chisoti kumabweretsa chilango.

Malinga ndi buku la malamulo la NFL, zilango za facemask zimabweretsa chilango cha mayadi 15.

Ngati gulu lomwe likuukira lipereka chilango, lingathenso kuluza kapena kutsika.

Ngati wotchinga kumbuyo achita cholakwacho, timu yomwe ikuwukirayo imatha kupeza chiwongola dzanja choyamba.

Tiyerekeze kuti ochita masewerowa apeza kuti chilangocho ndi chachikulu kwambiri, ndiye kuti chilangocho chimakhala chokhwima kwambiri.

Mwachitsanzo, wosewerayo wolakwayo amang’amba chipewa cha wosewera mpira wina kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chigoba chake kugwetsa wosewera mpirayo pansi.

Zikatero, wosewerayo akhoza kuimitsidwa chifukwa cha khalidwe lopanda masewera.

Mawu ndi matanthauzo a mpira waku America

Kuti mumvetsetse bwino komanso kuti mupindule kwambiri ndi mpira waku America, muyenera kudziwa bwino mawu ndi matanthauzo ake.

Mndandanda wotsatirawu umakupatsani chidule cha mawu oyambira mpira waku America omwe muyenera kudziwa:

• kumbuyo: Gulu la osewera okhumudwitsa - othamanga kumbuyo ndi quarterback - omwe amakhala kumbuyo kwa mzere wa scrimmage.
• Down: Zochita zomwe zimayamba mpira ukaseweredwa ndikutha pomwe mpira wanenedwa kuti 'wakufa' (kutanthauza kuti kusewera kwatha). Wolakwayo amapeza maulendo anayi kuti mpirawo upite patsogolo mayadi 10. Pokanika, mpirawo uyenera kuperekedwa kwa wotsutsa, nthawi zambiri ndi 'point' pachinayi pansi.
• Drive: Masewero angapo pomwe wolakwayo ali ndi mpira, mpaka atagoletsa kapena kupita 'mapoints' ndipo timu yotsutsanayo ikhala ndi ulamuliro pa mpirawo.
• zone yomaliza: Dera lalitali la mayadi 10 kumapeto kulikonse kwa munda. Mumagoletsa kugunda mukamalowa kumapeto ndi mpira. Ngati muthamangitsidwa kumalo anu omaliza muli ndi mpira, timu ina imapeza chitetezo (chofunika 2 points).
• Kugwira bwino: Pamene wobweza punt agwedeza mkono wake wotambasula pamwamba pa mutu wake. Pambuyo pa chizindikiro chogwira bwino, wosewera sangathe kuthamanga ndi mpira, komanso wotsutsa sayenera kuwugwira.
• Cholinga chamunda/chigoli chamunda: Kukankha, komwe kuli ndi mfundo zitatu, komwe kumatha kutengedwa kulikonse pabwalo, koma nthawi zambiri kumatengedwa mkati mwa mayadi 40 kuchokera pazigoli. Monga ndi mfundo yowonjezera, kumenya kuyenera kuwomberedwa pamwamba pa bala ndi pakati pa nsanamira. 
• Woperewera: Kutaya mpira uku akuthamanga kapena kugonja nawo. Gulu lomwe likuukira komanso kuteteza litha kubweza vuto. Ngati wodzitchinjiriza apeza mpira, amatchedwa turnover.
• Pereka: Mchitidwe wopatsirana mpira ndi wosewera wowukira (kawirikawiri quarterback) kwa wosewera wina. Ma Handoffs nthawi zambiri amapezeka pakati pa quarterback ndi kuthamanga kumbuyo.
• Zizindikiro za hashi: Mizere yomwe ili pakatikati pamunda wosonyeza 1 yadi pamunda. Pamasewera aliwonse, mpirawo umayikidwa pakati pa ma hashi kapena pamwamba pa ma hashi, kutengera komwe wonyamulira mpira adamenyedwa pamasewera am'mbuyomu.
• Kusokoneza: Pamene osewera 11 a timu abwera pamodzi pabwalo kukambirana njira. Pakulakwa, quarterback amadutsa masewerawo pagulu.
• Kusamaliza: Kupita kutsogolo komwe kumagwera pansi chifukwa gulu lomwe likuukira silinathe kuligwira, kapena pass yomwe imagwetsa osewera kapena kumugwira kuchoka pabwalo.
• Kutsegulira: Kudutsa kowukira komwe kumakankhidwa ndi defender, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti wosewerayo alephere kuwongolera mpira.
• Yamba: Kuwombera kwaulere komwe kumapangitsa mpira kusewera. Kuthamanga kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kumayambiriro kwa kotala yoyamba ndi yachitatu komanso pambuyo pa kugunda kulikonse ndi cholinga chopambana.
• Mzere wa scrimmage: Mzere wongoyerekeza wotambasula m'lifupi mwa bwalo lomwe mpira wayikidwa pa sewero latsopano lililonse. Kulakwa kapena chitetezo sichingadutse mzerewo mpaka mpirawo utayambiranso.
• Phuli: Kukankha komwe kumapangidwa pomwe wosewera mpira amaponya mpira kuchokera m'manja mwake ndikukankha mpira usanamenye pansi. Mfundo nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa pachinayi pansi pomwe wolakwayo akuyenera kusiya chitetezo chifukwa sichingapitirire mayadi 10.
• red zone: Malo osavomerezeka kuchokera pamzere wamayadi 20 kupita ku mzere wa zigoli za mdani. 
• kick/point return: Mchitidwe wolandira kumenya kapena kuloza ndikuthamangira pamzere wa zigoli za mdaniyo ndi cholinga chomugoletsa kapena kupeza mayadi ochuluka.
• Kuthamangira: Limbikitsani mpira pothamanga, osati kudutsa. Kuthamanga mmbuyo nthawi zina kumatchedwanso rusher.
• Chikwama: Woteteza akalimbana ndi quarterback kuseri kwa mzere wa scrimmage zomwe zimapangitsa gulu lomwe likuukira litaya mayadi.
• Safety: Chigoli, chokhala ndi mfundo ziwiri, chomwe chitetezo chimapeza polimbana ndi wosewera mpira yemwe ali ndi mpira kumalo ake omaliza.
• Secondary: Osewera anayi odzitchinjiriza omwe amateteza motsutsana ndi passyo ndipo adafola kumbuyo kwa osewera kumbuyo ndikufalikira pamakona a bwalo moyang'anizana ndi omwe akuwukira.
• chithunzithunzi: Zomwe mpirawo 'wadumphidwa' (pakati pa miyendo) kudutsa pakati mpaka kotala - kapena kwa wogwirizira poyesa kukankha, kapena kwa punter. Kujambulako kukachitika, mpirawo umasewera ndipo zochita zimayamba.

Pomaliza

Tsopano popeza mukudziwa momwe mpira waku America umaseweredwa, masewerawa azikhala omveka bwino kwa inu.

Kapena mwina mudzayamba kudziphunzitsa nokha mpira waku America!

Kodi mungakonde kuwerenga zambiri? Onani zambiri zanga momwe zolemba za NFL zimagwirira ntchito

Joost Nusselder, woyambitsa wa referee.eu ndi wotsatsa malonda, bambo ndipo amakonda kulemba zamitundu yonse yamasewera, komanso adasewera masewera ambiri kwa moyo wake wonse. Tsopano kuyambira 2016, iye ndi gulu lake akhala akupanga zolemba zothandiza ma blog kuti athandize owerenga okhulupirika pamasewera awo.