Ibhola: Konke odinga ukukwazi ngenkundla, abadlali namaligi

Kungumdlalo obandakanya izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke futhi imithetho ingaba yinqaba kancane.

Ibhola likanobhutshuzwayo ngumdlalo weqembu lapho amaqembu amabili anabadlali abayishumi nanye bezama ukushayana amaphuzu yangaphambilini egolini lomphikisi. Imithetho yomdlalo iqinile futhi ilandelwa munye unompempe kwaholela.

Kulesi sihloko ngizokutshela konke mayelana nomlando, imithetho, izikhundla ezahlukene kanye nenani lemfundo yezemidlalo.

Ibhola: umdlalo odumile emhlabeni wonke onezici eziningi

Imithetho yomdlalo kanye nenjongo yebhola

Ibhola likanobhutshuzwayo ngumdlalo weqembu lapho amaqembu amabili abadlali abayishumi nanye edlala ebhekene enkundleni. Inhloso yomdlalo ukufaka ibhola emgodleni wesitha bese ushaya amagoli amaningi kuneqembu eliphikisayo. Ibhola lingathintwa kuphela izinyawo, ikhanda noma isifuba, ngaphandle kukanozinti ongase athinte ibhola ngezandla zakhe endaweni yephenathi. Unompempe nguyena ophethe umdlalo futhi uqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu uyayilandela imithetho yomdlalo.

Iqhaza lemisebenzi yeqembu kanye nezikhundla zomuntu ngamunye

Ibhola liwumdlalo weqembu lapho wonke umuntu edlala indima ebalulekile. Iqembu kumele lisebenzisane ukwakha ibhola nokwakha amathuba, kanti kubalulekile futhi ukuvimba amagoli ezitha. Iqembu lihlukaniswe izindawo ezahlukene njengabahlaseli, abadlali basesiswini, abadlali basemuva nonozinti. Indawo ngayinye inomsebenzi wayo weqembu nendawo yokudlala okufanele igcwaliswe ngokuyikho.

Umkhuba webhola

Ibhola liwumdlalo oyinkimbinkimbi lapho izici eziningi zidlala indima. Akukhona nje ukushaya amagoli kuphela, kodwa nokwenza izenzo zebhola ezifana nokwakha, ukubhola, ukukhanda ikhanda, ukubeka ingcindezi, ukushibilika nokushintshashintsha. Kubalulekile ukuphinde uthole ukuphatha ibhola ngokushesha okukhulu futhi udlale ibhola liye phambili ngokushesha okukhulu.

Inani lemfundo lebhola lezinyawo

Ibhola akuyona nje umdlalo, kodwa futhi umsebenzi wokufundisa. Ifundisa abadlali ukusebenzisana, ukubhekana nokuwina nokuhlulwa kanye nokuhlonipha onompempe kanye nembangi. Amakilabhu ebhola avame ukuba nohlelo lwentsha olugxile ekuthuthukiseni ikhono lomuntu ngamunye labadlali nokudala umoya weqembu.

I-encyclopedia yebhola

Ibhola liwumdlalo odlalwa emhlabeni wonke ngabantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-270. Kungumdlalo ohlanganisa okungaphezu nje komdlalo ngokwawo. Kunamaligi amaningi, amakilabhu nabadlali bonke abanendaba yabo. Kukhona isichazamazwi se-Dutch wiki kanye ne-wiktionary lapho kuchazwa yonke imigomo nemibono yebhola. Ziningi izincwadi namafilimu axoxa ngebhola futhi baningi abantu ababambe iqhaza ekuhleleni okokugcina kwezihloko ezihlobene nebhola.

Ukubaluleka kokulamula kanye nosizo

Ukulamula nosizo kuyizici ezibalulekile zebhola. Unompempe kumele angakhethi futhi asebenzise imithetho yomdlalo. Abasizi basiza unompempe ukuthi abone okwenzeka enkundleni futhi bangameseka ekuthatheni izinqumo. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukulamula nokusiza kusebenze ngendlela efanele ukuze umdlalo ube nobulungiswa.

Ukubaluleka kokuwina nokulahlekelwa

Ibhola limayelana nokushaya amagoli nokuwina imidlalo. Kubalulekile ukulwela ukuthola inzuzo, kodwa kubalulekile futhi ukufunda ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nokulahlekelwa. Kuwumdlalo lapho iqembu elilodwa lithola amathuba amaningi kunelinye, kodwa ekugcineni kuba ngokuthi ubani oshaya amagoli amaningi. Kubalulekile ukuqhubeka ushintsha amaqhinga futhi ushintshe njalo ukuze umangaze isitha.

Ukubaluleka komoya weqembu kanye namakhono omuntu ngamunye

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Ibhola liwumdlalo weqembu lapho wonke umuntu edlala indima ebalulekile. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisana kahle njengeqembu nokwesekana. Kubalulekile futhi ukusebenzela amakhono abadlali ngabanye ukwenza iqembu liqine. Kungumdlalo lapho isivinini, amasu namaqhinga kuhlangana khona futhi okubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokusebenza ekuthuthukiseni njengeqembu.

Umlando webhola

Umsuka webhola

Sekunesikhathi kukhulunywa ngemvelaphi yebhola kodwa kubukeka sengathi lo mdlalo usuneminyaka ugijinywa ngezindlela ezahlukene emhlabeni wonke. Ibhola lesimanje njengoba silazi namuhla laqala eNgilandi ngekhulu le-19. Ngo-1863 kwasungulwa i-Football Association, eyabeka imithetho yomdlalo futhi yahlela umncintiswano. Amakilabhu ebhola nabadlali bebhola bebelokhu beqhamuka namaqhinga amasha nezitayela zokudlala ukuthuthukisa umdlalo.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwebhola eYurophu

Ibhola lasheshe laduma e-Europe kanti ukwethulwa kwebhola likanobhutshuzwayo ngeminyaka yawo-20 kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukudlala ibhola ngokomsebenzi. AmaNgisi athatha ibhola aliyisa kwamanye amazwe futhi ngokushesha waba umdlalo othandwa kakhulu e-Europe. INetherlands inekilabhu yebhola endala kunawo wonke emhlabeni, i-UD evela kuDeventer, ilandelwa yi-HFC yaseHaarlem. Isikhathi nesikhathi abadlali bebhola beza namaqhinga amasha nezitayela zokudlala ukuthuthukisa umdlalo.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwebhola lamazwe ngamazwe

Ngeminyaka yawo-30, ibhola lalidlalelwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke futhi kwavela imiqhudelwano yamazwe ngamazwe. IDenmark yayingehlulwa neze futhi i-Uruguay yaba ngumpetha wokuqala womhlaba ngo-1930. Ngawo-50, iqembu lesizwe lase-Austria lalinamandla, nakuba lingazange liwine isicoco somhlaba. Ngeminyaka yawo-50 nawo-60, iHungary ngokungangabazeki yayiyiqembu eliqine kunawo wonke emhlabeni, ngokusho kwabanye, ayizange ibe ngcono nakakhulu. Abadlali bebhola abadumile u-Kocsis no-Czibor bebeyingxenye yaleli qembu. Inganekwane yaphela ngokuvukela eHungary ngo-1956.

Ibhola lesimanje

Ibhola lesimanje lifana nebhola lakudala ngezindlela eziningi, kodwa kuye kwenziwa izinguquko eziningi. Isibonelo, imithetho yomdlalo isilungisiwe futhi umdlalo usushesha futhi ungokomzimba. Ibhola lisewumdlalo othandwa kakhulu emhlabeni futhi udlalwa futhi ubukwa yizigidi zabantu.

Inkundla yebhola: inkundla yokudlala yalo mdlalo webhola odumile

Uhlolojikelele lwenkundla

Inkundla yebhola iyisiqephu sezwe esingunxande lapho umdlalo udlalwa khona. Insimu ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili ngomugqa ophakathi futhi izungezwe imigqa eseceleni. Inkundla iphinde ihlukaniswe ngemigqa ekhombisa imingcele yendawo yokudlala. Umugqa wamagoli umugqa ophakathi kwamapali amabili futhi imigqa yangemuva isekupheleni kwenkundla. Insimu inosayizi ongaba ngamamitha ayi-100 ubude namamitha angama-50 ububanzi kubantu abadala.

Indawo okuhloswe kuyo

Kunendawo yamagoli kuzo zombili iziphetho zenkundla. Indawo yegoli imakwe ngomugqa ongunxande futhi iboshwe umugqa wegoli kanye nemigqa emibili enwebeka ngaphandle bese inqamula kumaphoyinti ekhona. Indawo okuhloswe kuyo ingamamitha angu-16,5 ububanzi namamitha angu-40,3 ubude. Ngaphakathi kwendawo yamagoli kukhona igoli, elinamapali amabili kanye ne-crossbar. Igoli lingamamitha angu-7,32 ububanzi namamitha angu-2,44 ukuphakama.

Izindawo zokujeziswa nezijeziso

Indawo yokujeziswa iyindawo engunxande etholakala ekupheleni kwenkundla, ngaphakathi kwendawo yegoli. Indawo yesijeziso ingamamitha angu-16,5 ububanzi namamitha angu-40,3 ubude. Indawo yokujeziswa itholakala maphakathi nendawo yenhlawulo futhi yilapho kuthathwa khona izinhlawulo.

Isiyingi esimaphakathi kanye nokukhahlela

Maphakathi nenkundla kunendilinga ephakathi nendawo, lapho kuqala umdlalo. Umbuthano ophakathi nendawo unobubanzi obungamamitha angu-9,15. Ukukhahlela kuthathwa endaweni ephakathi nendawo, emaphakathi nendilinga emaphakathi.

Eminye imigqa nezindawo

Ngaphezu kwemigqa nezindawo ezishiwo ngenhla, kuneminye imigqa nezindawo enkundleni yebhola. Isibonelo, kunendawo yokukhahlela ekhoneni emikhawulweni yomibili yenkundla, ephawulwa ngesiyingi esiyikota. Ikona lithathwa emakhoneni ale ndawo. Emaphethelweni angaphandle endaweni yenhlawulo kukhona indawo yokujeziswa, lapho kuthathwa khona amaphenathi. Indawo ephakathi kwendawo yokujeziswa kanye nomugqa ophakathi ibizwa ngenkundla ephakathi.

Iqhaza likanozinti

Iqembu ngalinye linozinti, ovikela indawo yegoli. Unozinti angathinta kuphela ibhola ngezandla nezingalo ngaphakathi kwendawo yegoli. Ngaphandle kwendawo yamagoli, unozinti angase alithinte ibhola nganoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba wakhe, ngaphandle kwezandla nezingalo. Unozinti uhlaselwa iqembu eliphikisayo, elizama ukudubela ibhola epalini.

Abadlali namaqembu ebhola

Abadlali

Ibhola liqukethe amaqembu amabili anabadlali abangu-11 iqembu ngalinye, oyedwa wabo ongunozinti. Iqembu ngalinye linabadlali abaningi endaweni ngayinye enkundleni, njengabadlali basemuva, abadlali basesiswini nabaphambili. Abadlali bangashintshwa ngesikhathi somdlalo, isibonelo ngenxa yokulimala noma ukudlala kabi.

Izilungiselelo

Ukuhlelwa kweqembu kunqunywa umqeqeshi, onikeza isiqondiso kubadlali ngemisebenzi yabo kanye nezikhundla zabo enkundleni. Ukwakheka okuhlukene kungenzeka, okufana no-4-4-2, 4-3-3 no-3-5-2, nenani labadlali basemuva, abadlali basesiswini nabaphambili liyahlukahluka.

Namuhla, uhlelo luvame ukumenyezelwa nge-elekthronikhi, ngamagama abadlali aboniswa esikrinini. Lokhu kunikeza onompempe nabadlali bemigqa umbono ngohlelo nokuthi yibaphi abadlali abasenkundleni.

izikweletu

Iqembu ngalinye linedlanzana lababambele, abaningi babo abangasetshenziswa phakathi nomdlalo. Ukushintshwa kungenziwa ngenxa yezizathu zamasu, isibonelo ukuvala indawo yomdlali ongadlali kahle, noma ngenxa yokulimala.

Umqeqeshi uyanquma ukuthi yimuphi umdlali oshintshwayo nokuthi ubani ongena. Lokhu kunganqunywa kusengaphambili, kodwa futhi kunganqunywa phakathi nomdlalo. Uma kwenzeka kushintshwa, umdlali kufanele aphume enkundleni futhi angeke abuye emdlalweni ofanayo.

Izilungiselelo zempumelelo

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwebhola, umbuzo wendlela engcono yokufaka iqembu uphendulwe ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, u-Hélenio Herrera, wasungula indlela yokudlala ye-catenaccio, eyenza i-Internazionale yaba umanduleli ophumelelayo wase-Italy we-UEFA Champions League. U-Rinus Michels waba ngumpetha izikhathi ezintathu zilandelana ne-Ajax ngesitayela sakhe sebhola esiphelele kanye nokwakheka.

Namuhla, kunezindaba eziningi zezinhlelo eziphumelelayo nabaqeqeshi abaye bahola iqembu labo phezulu. Kodwa ekugcineni umqeqeshi nguyena onqumayo ukuthi yiluphi uhlu olufanele iqembu lakhe nokuthi abadlali kufanele basakazwe kanjani enkundleni. Kubalulekile ukuthi imithetho yomdlalo isetshenziswe ngendlela efanele futhi ukwephulwa kujeziswe ukuze umdlalo ube nobulungiswa.

Izimpahla zebhola: yini abadlali abagqoka ngayo enkundleni?

Jikelele

Ibhola liwumdlalo lapho abadlali begqoka izingubo ezifanayo, ngokuvamile ezinemibala yeqembu labo. Igama elithi 'impahla' lihunyushwa ngokuthi 'impahla' noma 'impahla' ngesiNgisi. Imithetho ye-Football Association (FIFA) ibeka indinganiso yezimpahla zabadlali bebhola. Le mithetho icacisa ubuncane futhi iyakwenqabela ukusetshenziswa kwemishini eyingozi.

Imishini yebhola yabadlali

Impahla yebhola iqukethe amasokisi, amabhuzu ebhola kanye nama-shin guards. Ebusika, abanye abadlali bagqoka ama-leotard namagilavu ​​amade. Njengoba ubona emlandweni webhola, idlalwa kakhulu ngabesilisa, kodwa nabesifazane basebenzisa imishini efanayo.

Amakilabhu ebhola aqeqeshiwe

Amakilabhu ebhola akhokhelwayo anezingubo zabadlali bawo, okuhlanganisa amahembe opolo, izinto ezifudumeza umzimba namabhantshi. Unompempe namajaji okuthinta bagqoka izinto ezahlukene. Unozinti ugqoka ikhithi ehlukile kanti ukapteni ufaka ibhande likakaputeni. Uma kushona ebholeni, kugqokwa ibhande lokuzila ngesikhathi somdlalo.

Imithetho yemishini yebhola

Abadlali bebhola kumele bakwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka emishinini yabo. Izingubo kufanele zibe banzi ngokwanele kuwo wonke umuntu ngaphandle kwalawo malungu eqembu ongunozinti, ukapteni noma umdwebi wezintambo. Kudingeka bagqoke imishini ehlukene. Abadlali abavunyelwe ukunikeza noma ukushintshanisa imali ngemishini yabo.

Ikhithi yebhola

Ikhithi yebhola yeqembu lasekhaya iqukethe ihembe elinemibala yeklabhu, izikhindi zebhola kanye namabhuzu ebhola. Imibala yeqembu lasekuhambeni kumele yehluke kweyasekhaya. Uma imibala yeqembu lasekuhambeni ifana kakhulu neyeqembu lasekhaya, iqembu lasekuhambeni kufanele lishintshe umbala. Unozinti ugqoke umbala ohlukile ukuze azihlukanise nabanye abadlali.

Imithetho yebhola

Imithetho Esemthethweni

Ibhola likanobhutshuzwayo wumdlalo odlalwa ngokwemithetho esemthethweni yeFIFA, inhlangano yebhola lamazwe ngamazwe. Le mithetho ibizwa nangokuthi 'Imithetho Yomdlalo' futhi ihlanganiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe indlela efanayo yokudlala.

Inani labadlali nohlu

Iqembu lebhola likanobhutshuzwayo linabadlali abaningi abangaba yishumi nanye, oyedwa wabo ongunozinti. Isibalo sabadlali singancika ekutheni kudlalwa iligi noma umqhudelwano. Isikhundla sabadlali enkundleni asinqunyiwe, kodwa kunezindawo ezithile abadlali abavame ukunikwa kuzo.

Inkambu

Inkundla yebhola inosayizi ojwayelekile futhi inonxande ngomumo. Ubukhulu benkundla bungahluka kuye ngokuthi iligi noma umqhudelwano odlalwa kuyona. Insimu ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili futhi kunemigqa eminingana kanye nezimpawu ezibonisa izindawo ezihlukene.

ball

Ibhola elidlalwa ngalo liyindilinga futhi linendilinga nesisindo esithile. I-FIFA inemithetho eqondile yobukhulu nesisindo sebhola, futhi kunemithetho yekhwalithi yebhola elisetshenziswa ngesikhathi semidlalo.

Igoli

Inhloso yomdlalo ukukhahlelela ibhola emgodleni wesitha ukuze ashaye igoli. Uma ibhola liwela ngokuphelele umugqa wamapali phakathi kwamapali nangaphansi kwe-crossbar, kunikezwa igoli.

I-Offside

I-offside ingumthetho onqumayo ukuthi umdlali usendaweni elalele nini. Umdlali u-offside uma eseduze nomugqa wegoli lezimbangi kunebhola kanye nomdlali wasemuva ophenathi phezulu uma ibhola kudlalelwa yena.

Amaphutha kanye nokwephulwa

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaphutha ebholeni njengokubhekana nesitha, ukukhahlela isitha noma ukubamba isitha. Uma umdlali enze icala, unompempe anganikeza iqembu eliphikisayo i-free kick noma iphenathi. Esimeni sokungahloniphi noma ukuziphatha okungahambisani nezemidlalo, unompempe anganikeza umdlali ikhadi eliphuzi noma elibomvu.

Imithetho yonozinti

Imithetho yonozinti ihluke kancane kuneyabanye abadlali. Isibonelo, onozinti bangase bathinte ibhola ngezandla zabo ngaphakathi kwephenathi yabo, kodwa hhayi ngaphandle kwalo. Nabo abavunyelwe ukubamba ibhola imizuzwana engaphezu kweyisithupha futhi abavunyelwe ukucosha ibhola uma selidlalwe emuva ngezinyawo ngozakwabo.

Imiqhudelwano nemithethonqubo

E-Netherlands, umncintiswano uhlelwa yi-KNVB futhi kunamazinga ahlukene okuncintisana, njenge-Eredivisie kanye ne-Champions League. Iligi ngayinye inemithetho nemithetho yayo, njengobukhulu obuncane benkundla yokudlala kanye nenani lamafulegi asekhona okufanele abekwe. Emiqhudelwaneni emikhulu, njengeNdebe Yomhlaba, kuvame ukusetshenziswa ibhola elikhethekile lokugcina elihambisana nemithetho yeFIFA.

Imiqhudelwano

Isakhiwo sokuncintisana

Ibhola liwumdlalo odlalwa umhlaba wonke futhi unemiqhudelwano eyahlukene. E-Netherlands, uhlaka lweligi luqukethe i-Eredivisie, ngaphansi kwayo i-Eerste Divisie (isigaba sesibili), i-Tweede Divisie (isigaba sesithathu) futhi ngaphansi kwalokho i-Derde Divisie ne-Hoofdklasse. Imodeli yokuncintisana isishintshe izikhathi eziningana kusukela kwaqala ibhola eliphezulu eNetherlands ngo-1956. Okwamanje imiqhudelwano ihlukene, kodwa kwenziwa imizamo yokuhlanganisa imiqhudelwano futhi.

Ifomethi yokuncintisana

Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu lapho uhlela imiqhudelwano ukulwela uhlobo olujabulisa kakhulu lokuncintisana. Okokuqala nje, kubhekwa ukuhleleka nokuphepha komphakathi, bese kubhekwa izifiso zabo bonke abathintekayo. Lezi zifiso zibhekwa kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka kuyo yonke inqubo.

Uhlelo lwamalayisense

Uhlelo lwamalayisensi ochwepheshe lubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni ukuncintisana okuphephile nokufinyelelekayo. Uhlelo lungaphansi kwentuthuko emakethe ngakho-ke luvuselelwa njalo. Izindaba zamalayisense zinakekelwa kakhulu nezinkonzo nama-ejensi ukuze zikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezixazululo ezenziwe ngendlela efanele.

Isikhathi sokuncintisana

Isizini yokuncintisana iyahluka ngokwezinga ngalinye nangesifunda. E-Netherlands, isizini iqala ngokusesilinganisweni ngo-Agasti futhi iqhubeke kuze kube nguMeyi. Abadlali abahlala futhi basebenze eNetherlands, kodwa nabantu baseBrithani abahlala futhi basebenze eNetherlands, bangabamba iqhaza emqhudelwaneni ofanele ngokusekelwe ezingeni labo kanye nesifunda.

Ukuncintisana kwendebe

Ngaphandle kwemiqhudelwano ejwayelekile, kuphinde kuhlelwe umqhudelwano wezinkomishi. Lo mqhudelwano kuhloswe ngawo ukuvumela umphakathi ukuthi ujabulele ibhola elingaphazanyiswa. Kudingeka ukuhlela okuningi nokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo ukuze ufeze lo mncintiswano.

Ukubandakanyeka kwezohwebo

Ukuzibandakanya kwezohwebo kubaluleke kakhulu lapho kuhlelwa imiqhudelwano. Ukuxhumana okujulile kugcinwa namaqembu ahlukene ukuze kuthuthukiswe futhi kuqhubeke nokuthuthukisa isakhiwo sokuncintisana.

Isiphetho

Ibhola lilodwa umdlalo webhola esenziwe amakhulu eminyaka futhi isinde emasikweni amaningi. Kungumdlalo oyinselele onezici eziningi.

Ngithemba ukuthi manje usunombono ongcono walo mdlalo nokuthi udlalwa kanjani.

UJoost Nusselder, umsunguli wonompempe.eu ungumakethi wokuqukethwe, ubaba futhi uthanda ukubhala ngazo zonke izinhlobo zemidlalo, futhi ubuye wadlala nemidlalo eminingi impilo yakhe yonke. Manje kusukela ngo-2016, yena neqembu lakhe bebelokhu bedala izindatshana zebhulogi eziwusizo ukusiza abafundi abathembekile ngemisebenzi yabo yezemidlalo.