Kuyintokozo enkulu ukuthi ngikubhalele laba bafundi lezi zihloko, wena. Angiyamukeli inkokhelo yokubhala izibuyekezo, umbono wami ngemikhiqizo ungowami, kepha uma uthola izincomo zami zilusizo futhi ugcina uthenga okuthile ngesixhumanisi esisodwa engingathola ikhomishini kulokho. Ulwazi oluningi
Lokhu akukho okungenziwa ngonompempe ngaphandle kwempempe. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ungazenza kanjani uzwakale ngaphandle kwesibonakaliso sento esigqamile emlonyeni wakho?
Nginababili mina, unompempe ashaye ikhwela ngentambo nempempe yesandla.
Ngake ngaba nomqhudelwano lapho kwakudingeka ngishaye umlozi imidlalo eminingi ngibe sengithanda ukusebenzisa impempe yesandla. Kepha lokho okuthandayo ngokuphelele.
Yilezi ezimbili enginazo:
| Shaya ikhwela | Izithombe |
|---|---|
| Impempe engcono kakhulu yonompempe: UStanno Fox 40 | 
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| Umtshingo wesandla ohamba phambili: Ncinza umtshingo i-Wizzball yasekuqaleni | 
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Lapha ngizokwabelana ngolwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani ikhwela ngakho-ke ungaqala kahle njengompempe.
Lokho esixoxa ngakho kulokhu okuthunyelwe okuphelele:
- 1 Amakhwela onompempe alinganiselwe umsindo ofanele
- 2 Amathiphu wokushaya amakhwela njengonompempe
- 3 Impempe itshengisa onompempe bebhola ukuthi basebenzise ini
- 3.1 Sebenzisa iphimbo elifanele
- 3.2 Musa ukushaya ikhwela ngokunenzuzo
- 3.3 Isiginali yokukhahlela yamahhala
- 3.4 Isiginali yokukhahlela mahhala okungaqondile
- 3.5 Shayela ikhwela ngokushaya iphenathi
- 3.6 Shaya ikhwela ekhadini eliphuzi
- 3.7 Impempe icace bha ngekhadi elibomvu
- 3.8 Ukushaya ikhwela kuhlangene nezinye izimpawu
- 3.9 Shaya ikhwela egoli
- 4 Umlando womtshingo
- 5 Isebenza kanjani ikhwela?
Amakhwela onompempe alinganiselwe umsindo ofanele
Impempe Engumpempe Ohamba Phambili Wobungcweti: UStanno Fox 40
Impempe yeFox 40 ingaphezu nje kosizo losuku lomjaho.
Akusekho ukukhathazeka ngemvula ehlambalaza amakhwela akudala epulasitiki oke waba nawo yonke le minyaka, njengoba iFox 40 inenzuzo enkulu yokungabi nebhola kuyo, ngakho-ke ungakuvumeli ukuthi ikwenze wehle. lapho kumanzi; inzuzo ebalulekile kunompempe okufanele bathembele kuyo!
Le nsimbi inendandatho eqinile yokunamathisela kumsila wakho wenkomo. Intambo ayifakiwe, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi usunayo vele futhi ngale ntengo akubalulekile.
Bheka izintengo zakamuva lapha
Umtshingo Wesandla Ohamba Phambili: Ncinza I-Flute Wizzball Original
Le wizzball ngokuqinisekile izosetshenziswa kakhulu kuyo yonke imidlalo. Cindezela bese udedela ibhola, uvumele umoya ukuba uphume ngokushesha, udale umsindo obukhali wemvamisa ephezulu ongazwakala phezu kwezixuku zabantu noma imishini enomsindo.
I-wizzball ehlanzekile ilungele ukusetshenziswa ngabantu abaningi abadinga impempe, ukunciphisa ingozi yokungcola kusuka komunye umsebenzisi kuya komunye.
Kukulungele ini?
- Ukusetshenziswa ngabaqeqeshi bezemidlalo, onompempe
- Ibeka umsindo nokudlidliza kutholakale kalula (ngokoqobo!)
- Ingasetshenziswa kahle nayizingane, kwesinye isikhathi okunzima ngezimpempe ngoba azikwazi ukushaya ngokwanele
Bheka izintengo nokutholakala lapha
Amathiphu wokushaya amakhwela njengonompempe
Phatha umtshingo ezandleni zakho, hhayi emlonyeni wakho
Onompempe bebhola baphatha amakhwela abo ngezandla, hhayi emilonyeni yabo ngokuqhubekayo. Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi lokhu akukukhululekile kumdlalo wonke, kunesizathu sesibili esibalulekile.
Ngokuletha impempe yonompempe emlonyeni ukuthi ayishaye, unompempe unethuba lokuhlaziya iphutha. Ngale ndlela angaba nesiqiniseko ngasikhathi sinye ukuthi asikho isimo senzuzo esivele futhi impempe ilungile kulowo olimele.
Uma ngibona unompempe egijima nempempe emlonyeni wakhe, ngiyazi ukuthi unompempe akanalwazi
Yisebenzise kuphela lapho kunesidingo
Umfana oqhubeka ememeza impisi uyisebenzise kakhulu. Lapho kwakudingeka ngempela akekho owayelalela. Kufana nokushaya ikhwela emdlalweni webhola.
Ukugcizelela ukusetshenziswa kwempempe lapho kunesidingo ngempela, futhi ungayishiya ngezikhathi ezithile lapho kungadingekile ngempela. Ukuyishaya.
Isibonelo, lapho ibhola likhahlelwa ngaphandle kwenkundla ngendlela yokuthi wonke umuntu akubone lokhu, ukushaya amakhwela kungahle kungadingeki. Noma lapho iqembu livunyelwe ukukhahlela ngemuva kwegoli, ungasho futhi ukuthi: “Dlala”.
Nika amandla ngezikhathi zomdlalo ezibalulekile
Ngale ndlela, ungeza amandla athe xaxa ngempempe yakho ngezikhathi zomdlalo ezibalulekile nezikhathi lapho kungabonakali khona kakhulu kubadlali.
Isibonelo, ukuphazanyiswa kokudlala kwamacala afana ne-offside noma ukudlala okuyingozi kwenziwa kucace ngokwengeziwe. Shaya ikhwela ngokulinganisela.
Uma ibhola lingene kahle egoli, asikho isidingo sokushaya ikhwela. Ngemuva kwalokho mane ukhombe ohlangothini lwendilinga yesikhungo.
Kodwa-ke, ungaphinda ushaye ngalezo zikhathi ezingavamile lapho umgomo ungacacile kangako.
Isibonelo, lapho ibhola lishaya ipali, liwela umugqa wamagoli bese libuyela emuva. Ushaya impempe kulesi simo ukuze kucace ngokushesha kuwo wonke umuntu ukuthi kuyinjongo phela.
Le vidiyo ichaza indlela yokushaya impempe:
Ukushaya ikhwela kuyindlela yobuciko
Ukushaya ikhwela kuyindlela yobuciko. Ngivame ukukucabanga njengomqhubi okufanele ahole i-symphony enkulu yabadlali, abaqeqeshi, nabasizi bakanompempe abasebenzisa umtshingo wakhe njengenduku yakhe.
- Ushaya impempe ezimweni ezijwayelekile zomdlalo ngamaphutha ajwayelekile, i-offside nalapho ibhola liwela nje eceleni komugqa wecala noma umugqa wegoli
- Ushaya kanzima ngenhloso embi, ukuthola iphenathi, noma ukuphika igoli. Ukushaya impempe ngokuzwakalayo kugcizelela wonke umuntu ukuthi ukubonile ngqo okwenzekile nokuthi uzothatha isinyathelo ngokuqinile
Iphimbo nalo libaluleke kakhulu. Abantu baphinde bakhulume empilweni yansuku zonke ngemizwa ehlukahlukene engadlulisa injabulo, ukudabuka, umdlandla nokunye okuningi.
Futhi ubungeke usalalela ngokucophelela izikhulumi ezitshela yonke isethulo ngendlela efanayo eyisidina.
Ngakho-ke kungani abanye onompempe beshaya ikhwela ngokufana lapho ibhola liphuma emingceleni noma lapho kwenziwa inhlawulo yesijeziso?
Ukushaywa kwegama kubalulekile
Bengingunompempe weqembu lentsha futhi ngishaye kakhulu ngesikhathi somdlalo. Umdlali osondele kimi ngokushesha wathi "Owh… .umuntu uthola ikhadi!"
Wayizwa ngokushesha. Futhi umdlali owenza ukwephulwa ngokushesha wathi "ngiyaxolisa". Wayesazi vele ukuthi isikhathi sini.
Ngokufingqa, onompempe kufanele bafunde ukusebenzisa ukuphakama kwamakhwela abo ukulawula umdlalo ngokuqinile.
Impempe itshengisa onompempe bebhola ukuthi basebenzise ini
Isiphetho somdlalo sisezandleni zikanompempe, ngokoqobo! Noma kunalokho, umtshingo. Ngoba yile ndlela lapho izinqumo zenziwa zaziwe ngamasiginali.
Njengoba unompempe eyingxenye ebalulekile yomdlalo webhola, obhekene nokugcina ukuhleleka nokuphoqelela imithetho, kubalulekile ukuthi kunikezwe izimpawu ezifanele.
Le yinkambo yokuphahlazeka yezimpawu zempempe zabanompempe.
Sebenzisa iphimbo elifanele
Umpempe ushaya impempe yakhe ubone okuthile, imvamisa kuyiphutha noma ukumiswa lapho kudlalwa, okudinga ukuthi ayeke ukudlala ngokushesha. Ngempempe uvamise ukukhombisa uhlobo lwephutha.
Impempe lemfishane, lephangisa ikhombisa kutsi kufakwa kabi lokuncane kutawujeziswa kuphela ngekutsi kukhahlelelwe, nekutsi, “kuchuma” lokumatima kwemandla kwempempe kukhombisa emaphutsa lamabi lajeziswa ngemakhadi nobe kukhahlelwa kwetinhlawulo.
Ngale ndlela, wonke umdlali uyazi ngokushesha lapho emi khona lapho kushaywa impempe.
Musa ukushaya ikhwela ngokunenzuzo
Qaphela inzuzo. Unikeza ithuba ngokukhomba izingalo zombili phambili ngaphandle kokushaya impempe yakho. Lokhu ukwenza uma usubonile iphutha kepha wanquma ukuqhubeka nokudlala.
Ukwenza lokhu uvuna uhlangothi olimele lapho ukholelwa ukuthi basenayo inzuzo esimweni.
Imvamisa, unompempe unemizuzwana engaba ngu-3 ukunquma ukuthi impempe ingcono yini, noma umthetho wenzuzo.
Uma ekupheleni kwemizuzwana emi-3 kunenzuzo etholwe yithimba ebincishwe amathuba, njengokuphatha noma ngisho negoli, ukwephulwa akunakwa.
Kodwa-ke, uma icala lifuna ikhadi, usengabhekana nalo njengokumiswa okulandelayo kokudlala.
Isiginali yokukhahlela yamahhala
Ukukhombisa ukukhahlela okuqondile ngqo, shaya ngokusobala impempe yakho bese ukhomba ngengalo ephakanyisiwe ebheke egoli iqembu elinikezwe i-free kick elihlaselayo.
Igoli lingazuzwa ngqo kusuka ekukhahleleni okuqondile okuqondile.
Isiginali yokukhahlela mahhala okungaqondile
Lapho ukhombisa ukukhahlela mahhala okungaqondile, bamba isandla sakho ngaphezu kwekhanda lakho bese ushaya impempe. Kule kick kick, ukudutshulwa kwegoli kungenziwa ngokushesha kuze kube yilapho omunye umdlali ethinta ibhola.
Lapho ethatha i-free kick engaqondile, unompempe welula isandla sakhe kuze kube yilapho ibhola selithintiwe lathintwa ngomunye umdlali.
Shayela ikhwela ngokushaya iphenathi
Kwenze kucace ukuthi usho ibhizinisi ngokushaya ikhwela kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho-ke ukhomba ngqo endaweni yenhlawulo.
Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi umdlali wenze icala eliqondile elenziwa ngokukhahlela mahhala ngaphakathi endaweni yakhe yenhlawulo nokuthi kunikezwe iphenathi.
Shaya ikhwela ekhadini eliphuzi
Ikakhulukazi lapho unikeza ikhadi eliphuzi kuzofanele uhehe ukunakwa ukuze wonke umuntu abone ukuthi uhlelani.
Empendulweni yakho, futhi "yizwa" ukuthi ukwephula akukwazanga ukudlula ngakho-ke uzonikezwa ikhadi eliphuzi. Empeleni, umdlali kufanele akwazi ukwazi kusuka kusiginali yakho ngaphambi kokukhombisa ikhadi.
Umdlali othola ikhadi eliphuzi uyaziwa ngunompempe futhi uma ekhishwa ikhadi lesibili eliphuzi, umdlali uyakhishwa.
Impempe icace bha ngekhadi elibomvu
Qaphela ikhadi elibomvu. Lokhu kuyicala elibi impela futhi kufanele ulenze lizwakale ngokushesha. Uyazazi izikhathi ezivela ku-TV.
Impempe iyakhala, kubukeka sengathi kuzoba yikhadi, kodwa iliphi? Ngokucacile lapho ungakwenza lokhu kwaziwe, kungcono.
Umpempe okhombisa umdlali ikhadi elibomvu ukhombisa ukuthi umdlali wenze icala elibi kakhulu futhi kufanele ashiye masinyane inkundla yokudlala (emidlalweni yobungcweti lokhu ngokuvamile kusho ukuya egumbini lokushintshela.
Ukushaya ikhwela kuhlangene nezinye izimpawu
Ukushaya umlozi kuvame ukuhambisana nezinye izimpawu. Umpempe ukhomba egoli ngengalo yakhe iqonde, ifana nomhlabathi, ukhomba umgomo.
Umpempe okhomba ngengalo yakhe efulethini lasekhoneni ukhombisa ukukhahlelwa kwekhoneni.
Shaya ikhwela egoli
Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, ukushaya amakhwela akudingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi uma kungaphezu kokusobala ukuthi ibhola liye emgomweni (noma ngaphandle kokudlala, kunjalo).
Azikho izimpawu ezisemthethweni zenhloso.
Umpompo angakhomba embuthanweni ophakathi nengalo yakhe ibheke phansi, kepha kubhekwa ukuthi lapho ibhola seliliwele ngokuphelele umugqa wamaphuzu phakathi kwamapali, igoli selitholiwe.
Impempe ivamise ukushayelwa ukukhombisa ilitshe njengoba usebenzisa isiginali ukuqala nokumisa umdlalo. Kodwa-ke, lapho igoli lishayiwe, umdlalo ungazimela ngokuzenzakalela.
Ngakho-ke uma kusobala, akudingeki ukuthi uyisebenzise.
Lawo amathiphu amahle kakhulu wokusebenzisa umtshingo ukulawula okuqinile nokucacile komdlalo webhola. Ngakho-ke ngiyazisebenzisa lena evela e-nike, enikeza isignali ecacile okulula ukuthi yehluke ngamandla nangevolumu.
Lapho usuthole kancane ikhono layo, uzobona ukuthi kuhle kangakanani ukuqhuba umdlalo ngale ndlela.
Nalu olunye ucezu lomlando womtshingo uma unentshisekelo ngemvelaphi yalo.
Umlando womtshingo
Lapho kudlalwa khona ibhola, maningi amathuba okuthi kuzwakale impempe kanompempe.
Kwasungulwa nguJoseph Hudson, umenzi wamathuluzi waseNgilandi waseBirmingham, ngo-1884, “uNdudumo” wakhe wezwakala emazweni ayi-137; kuma-World Cups, ama-Cup Finals, emapaki, izinkundla zokudlala namabhishi emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-160 zalezi zingcingo zenziwa yi-Hudson & Co. esizinze eBirmingham, eNgilandi.
Ngaphezu kwebhola, amakhwela akwa-Hudson asetshenziswa futhi ngamalungu eqembu le-Titanic, 'ngamabhomu' aseBrithani (amaphoyisa) nangabaculi be-reggae.
Esikhathini samanje amakhwela akwaNike athandwa kakhulu onompempe abaningi ngenxa yomsindo wabo omuhle.
Intuthuko
1860 angama-1870: Umenzi wamathuluzi eNgilandi ogama lakhe linguJoseph Hudson waguqula igumbi lakhe elincane lokuhlanza izingubo eBirmingham eSt.
1878: Kukholakala ukuthi umdlalo webhola wokuqala onempempe wabanjwa ngo-1878 ngesikhathi somdlalo we-English Football Association Cup wesibili phakathi kukaNottingham Forest (2) v Sheffield (2). Cishe le kwakuyimpempe yethusi 'ye-Acme City', eyaqala yenziwe nguJoseph Hudson cishe ngonyaka we-0. Ngaphambilini, amasiginali ayedluliselwa kubadlali ngompempe ngokusebenzisa iduku, induku noma ukumemeza.
In 1878 imidlalo yebhola ibisabhekwe ngompempe ababili abaqaphe inkundla yokudlala. Indoda eyayisebenza ngolayini ngalezo zinsuku, yathatha indima encane eceleni, futhi yasetshenziswa kuphela njengomlamuli lapho onompempe bobabili bengakwazi ukwenza isinqumo.
1883: UJoseph Hudson udale impempe yokuqala yamaphoyisa aseLondon ukuze angene esikhundleni somsindo abawusebenzisa ngaphambilini. UJoseph ngephutha wathola umsindo wesiginesha owawudingeka lapho elahla i-violin yakhe. Lapho ibhuloho nezintambo kugqashuka, kwavungama ithoni yokufa eholela kumsindo ophelele. Ukufaka ibhola ngaphakathi kwempempe yamaphoyisa kwakha umsindo oyingqayizivele wokuphikisana, ngokuphazamisa ukudlidliza komoya. Impempe yamaphoyisa ibingalalelwa ibanga elingaphezu kwemayela futhi yamukelwa njengempempe esemthethweni kaBobby waseLondon.
1884: UJoseph Hudson, esekelwa yindodana yakhe, uqhubeke nokuguqula umhlaba wamakhwela. Umlozi wokuqala wepea othembekile emhlabeni 'i-Acme Thunderer' wethulwe, unikeza unompempe ukuthembeka okuphelele, ukulawula namandla.
1891: Kuze kwaba ngo-1891 lapho onompempe njengamajaji athinta eceleni baqedwa futhi unompempe (oyinhloko) wethulwa. Ngo-1891 wabonakala okokuqala enkundleni. Cishe kwakulapha, manje lapho onompempe kwakudingeka njalo ukuthi bayeke ukudlala, lapho impempe yaqala ukwethula umdlalo. Impempe yayiyithuluzi eliwusizo impela.
1906: Imizamo yokuqala yokukhipha amakhwela abunjiwe avela entweni eyaziwa ngokuthi i-vulcanite ayiphumelelanga.
1914: Ngesikhathi iBakelite iqala ukukhula njengezinto zokubumba, kwenziwa amakhwela wepulasitiki okuqala.
1920: Isikhathi esithuthukisiwe se-'Acme Thunderer 'kusukela ngonyaka we-1920. Yenzelwe ukuba ibe ncanyana, i-shriller kakhulu futhi nomlomo wayo onamathebhu ukhululeke kakhulu kunompempe. Impempe 'Model No. 60.5, impempe encane enomlomo oqoshiwe ikhiqiza iphimbo eliphakeme. Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kwakuyinhlobo yempempe esetshenziswe kumdlalo wamanqamu wokuqala weWembley Cup owadlalwa phakathi kweBolton Wanderers (28) neWest Ham United (1923) ngomhlaka 2 Ephreli 0. Yakhelwe ukusetshenziswa ezixukwini ezinkulu ukuzinqoba, yafika kahle ezinkundleni ezikhula njalo. Futhi kwakukhona isixuku esikhulu sabantu abangu-126.047 XNUMX ngalolo suku!
1930: Impempe ye-'Pro-Soccer ', eyaqala ukusetshenziswa ngo-1930, yayinomlomo okhethekile nomgqomo wamandla athe xaxa nenkundla ephakeme yokusetshenziswa enkundleni enomsindo.
1988: 'I-Tornado 2000.', eyenziwe ngu-Hudson, isetshenzisiwe emidlalweni yeNdebe Yomhlaba, imidlalo ye-UEFA Champions League kanye ne-FA Cup Final futhi iyimodeli enamandla. Lelizwi eliphakeme linikeza ukungena okukhulu futhi lenza i-crescendo yomsindo osika ngisho nomsindo wesixuku omkhulu kunayo yonke.
1989: I-ACME Tornado yethulwe ngokusemthethweni futhi yanikezwa ilungelo lobunikazi futhi inikela ngamakhwela wezemidlalo ayisithupha angenamapheya anezikhawu eziphezulu, eziphakathi nendawo neziphansi zemidlalo ehlukene. ITornado 2000 kungenzeka ukuthi yayiwumpempe wokugcina emandleni.
2004: Baningi abakhiqizi bemitshingo futhi i-ACME iyaqhubeka nokwenza imikhiqizo esezingeni. ITornado 622 inomlomo oyisikwele futhi iyimpempe enkulu. Iphimbo elimaphakathi elinokungezwani okujulile ngomsindo othambile. Kumemeza kakhulu kodwa kungakhanyi kakhulu. ITornado 635 inamandla amakhulu ngokwedlulele, ngokwethamo levolumu. Idizayini eyingqayizivele engajwayelekile ingeyabo abafuna okuthile okuvelele ngempela. Imisindo emithathu eyehlukile futhi ehlukile; ilungele "abathathu kwabathathu" noma yisiphi isimo lapho kudlalwa imidlalo eminingi kusondelene. I-Thunderer 560 ngumtshingo omncane, onephimbo eliphakeme.
Isebenza kanjani ikhwela?
Zonke izimpempe zinomlomo lapho umoya uphoqelelwa ukungena emgodini noma esikhaleni, isikhala esivinjelwe.
Ukuhamba komoya kuhlukaniswa nge-chamfer futhi kuzungeze ingxenye ethile yomgodi ngaphambi kokuphuma komtshingo ngomgodi womsindo. Ukuvulwa kuvame ukuba mncane kakhulu maqondana nosayizi womgodi.
Ubungako bethumbu lomtshingo nomthamo womoya emgqonyeni womtshingo kunquma iphimbo noma imvamisa yomsindo okhiqizwayo.
Ukwakhiwa kwemitshingo nokuklanywa komlomo nakho kunomthelela omkhulu emsindweni. Impempe eyenziwe ngensimbi ejiyile ikhipha umsindo ogqamile uma uqhathaniswa nomsindo othambile okhipha umsindo uma kusetshenziswa insimbi encanyana.
Amakhwela anamuhla akhiqizwa ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zepulasitiki, enweba amathoni nemisindo manje isiyatholakala.
Idizayini yomlomo nayo ingashintsha kakhulu umsindo.
Ngisho noma izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zomehluko wamasentimitha ku-airway, i-blade angle, usayizi noma ububanzi bomgodi wokungena kungenza umehluko omkhulu ngevolumu, ithoni kanye ne-chiff (ukuphefumula noma ukuqina komsindo).
Empempeleni yepea, ukuhamba komoya kuza ngomlomo. Ishaya i-chamfer bese iqhekeka ngaphandle iye emoyeni, bese ngaphakathi igcwalisa igumbi lomoya kuze kube ukuthi umfutho womoya osegumbini mkhulu kangangokuba uphuma emgodini bese wenza indawo egumbini ukuze yonke inqubo iqale phansi.
Ipea iphoqelelwa ukuzungeza nxazonke iphazamisa ukuhamba komoya futhi iguqula ijubane lokupakisha komoya nokuvula impahla egumbini lomoya. Lokhu kudala umsindo oqondile wempempe.
Ukuhamba komoya kungena ngomlomo wempempe.
Umoya osegumbini lomtshingo upakisha futhi uqaqe izikhathi ezingama-263 ngomzuzwana ukwenza inothi libe maphakathi noC. Ngokushesha ukupakisha nokukhipha izimpahla, umsindo uphakanyiswa yimpempe.
Ngakho-ke, yilolo lonke ulwazi mayelana nempempe yonompempe. Ukuthenga kusuka kuziphi, ukuthola amathiphu wokuthi uzisebenzisa kanjani ukuqhuba umdlalo, futhi kuze kufike emlandweni wawo nokuthi usebenza kanjani. Ngiyethemba manje usunalo lonke ulwazi mayelana nethuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke i-Ref!
