Kuyintokozo enkulu ukuthi ngikubhalele laba bafundi lezi zihloko, wena. Angiyamukeli inkokhelo yokubhala izibuyekezo, umbono wami ngemikhiqizo ungowami, kepha uma uthola izincomo zami zilusizo futhi ugcina uthenga okuthile ngesixhumanisi esisodwa engingathola ikhomishini kulokho. Ulwazi oluningi
Ukugijima emuva ngumdlali owamukela ibhola ku-quarterback futhi azame ukugijima nalo elibangise endaweni yokugcina. Ogijima emuva ungumdlali ohlaselayo weqembu futhi uzibeka ngemuva komugqa wokuqala (ama-linemen).
Lokho esixoxa ngakho kulokhu okuthunyelwe okuphelele:
Iyini i-Running Back?
Ogijima emuva ungumdlali webhola lezinyawo laseMelika naseCanada oyingxenye yeqembu elihlaselayo.
Umgomo wokugijima emuva uwukuthola indawo ngokugijima nebhola uqonde endaweni yokugcina yezimbangi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abagijima emuva babuye bathole amaphasi ebangeni elifushane.
Isikhundla se-Running Back
Ogijima emuva uzimisa ngemuva komugqa wokuqala, ama-linemen. Ogijima emuva uthola ibhola ku-quarterback.
Izikhundla Ebholeni laseMelika
Kunezikhundla ezahlukene kuwo Ibhola laseMelika:
- Ukuhlasela: i-quarterback, umamukeli obanzi, ukuphela okuqinile, isikhungo, unogada, ukulwa okuhlaselayo, ukugijima emuva, i-fullback
- Ukuzivikela: ukulwa okuzivikela, ukuphela kokuzivikela, ukulwa nekhala, i-linebacker
- Amaqembu akhethekile: i-placekicker, i-punter, i-snapper ende, umbambi, umbuyiseli we-punt, umbuyiseli wokukhahlela, umdubuli
Liyini Icala Ebholeni LaseMelika?
Iyunithi ehlaselayo
Ithimba elihlaselayo yiqembu elihlaselayo ebholeni laseMelika. Iqukethe i-quarterback, i-linemen ehlaselayo, i-backs, imikhawulo eqinile kanye nabamukeli. Umgomo weqembu elihlaselayo uwukuthola amaphuzu amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ithimba Eliqalayo
Umdlalo uvamise ukuqala lapho umdlali wekota (quarterback) ethola ibhola (i-snap) ukusuka enkabeni bese edlulisela ibhola ku-back back, aliphonsele kumamukeli noma agijime nebhola yena.
Umgomo omkhulu uwukuthola ama-touchdowns (TDs) amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba lokho kuveza amaphuzu amaningi. Enye indlela yokuthola amaphuzu ngokushaya igoli lenkundla.
Umsebenzi Wama-linemen Ahlaselayo
Umsebenzi we-linemen ohlasela kakhulu ukuvimba nokuvimbela ukuzivikela okuphikisayo ekubhekaneni ne-quarterback (ebizwa nangokuthi isaka), okwenza angakwazi ukuphonsa ibhola.
Emuva
Abasemuva bagijima emuva nabasemuva abavamise ukuphatha ibhola kanye nomdlali wasemuva ovamise ukuvimba umdlali ogijima emuva futhi kwesinye isikhathi uliphatha ngokwakhe ibhola noma athole ukudlula.
Abamukeli ababanzi
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wabamukeli ababanzi ukubamba amaphasi nokuletha ibhola ngangokunokwenzeka endaweni yokugcina.
Abamukeli Abafanelekile
Kubadlali abayisikhombisa abakleliswe emugqeni we-scrimmage, yilabo kuphela abakleliswe ekupheleni komugqa abangagijima baye enkundleni futhi bathole ukudlula. Laba ngabamukeli abagunyaziwe (noma abafanelekile). Uma iqembu linabadlali abangaphansi kwesikhombisa emgqeni we-scrimmage, kuzovela isijeziso sokubunjwa esingekho emthethweni.
Ukwakhiwa Kokuhlasela
Ukwakhiwa kokuhlasela nokuthi kusebenza kanjani kahle kunqunywa ifilosofi ecasulayo yomqeqeshi oyinhloko kanye nomxhumanisi ohlaselayo.
Izikhundla Ezicasulayo Zichaziwe
Esigabeni esilandelayo ngizoxoxa ngezikhundla zokuhlasela ngamunye ngamunye:
- I-Quarterback: I-quarterback cishe ingumdlali obaluleke kakhulu enkundleni yebhola. Ungumholi weqembu, unquma imidlalo futhi aqale umdlalo. Umsebenzi wakhe ukuhola ekuhlaseleni, ukuxhumana nesu kwabanye abadlali nokuphonsa ibhola, alinike omunye umdlali, noma ukugijima nebhola yena. I-quarterback kufanele ikwazi ukuphonsa ibhola ngamandla nangokunemba futhi yazi kahle ukuthi umdlali ngamunye uzobe ukuphi ngesikhathi sokudlala. I-quarterback izibeka ngemuva kwesikhungo (isakhiwo esiphakathi) noma kude kakhulu (isibhamu noma ukwakheka kwesibhamu), phakathi nendawo emhlwitha ibhola.
- Isikhungo: Naso lesi sikhungo sineqhaza elibalulekile ngoba kumele aqale aqinisekise ukuthi ibhola liphelela ezandleni zomdlali wasemuva. Isikhungo siyingxenye yomugqa wokuhlasela kanti umsebenzi wakhe ukuvimba izimbangi. Ungumdlali futhi oletha ibhola ekudlaleni ngokunqamuka ku-quarterback.
- Unogada: Kukhona onogada ababili abahlaselayo eqenjini elihlaselayo. Onogada batholakala ngqo nhlangothi zombili zesikhungo.
Izikhundla Ebholeni LaseMelika
lokucasula
Ibhola laseMelika ngumdlalo onezikhundla ezihlukene wonke adlala indima ebalulekile emdlalweni. Icala liqukethe i-quarterback (QB), i-run back (RB), ulayini ohlaselayo (OL), isiphetho esiqinile (TE) kanye nabamukeli (WR).
I-Quarterback (QB)
I-quarterback ngumdlali odlalayo ohlala ngemuva kwesikhungo. Unesibopho sokuphonsa ibhola kubamukeli.
Ukubuyela emuva (RB)
Ukugijima emuva kuthatha indawo ngemuva kwe-QB futhi izama ukuzuza umhlabathi omningi ngokugijima. Ukugijima emuva kungase futhi abambe ibhola futhi ngezinye izikhathi ahlale ne-QB ukuze anikeze ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe.
Ulayini Ohlaselayo (OL)
Ulayini ohlaselayo udala izimbobo ze-RB futhi uvikela i-QB, okuhlanganisa nendawo ephakathi.
Isiphetho Esiqinile (TE)
Isiphetho esiqinile wuhlobo lwe-lineman eyengeziwe evimba njengabanye, kodwa uyena kuphela kubadlali be-linemen ovunyelwe ukubamba ibhola.
Abamukeli (WR)
Abamukelayo ngamadoda amabili angaphandle. Bazama ukushaya umuntu wabo futhi bakhululeke ukuthola i-QB's pass.
Defense
I-defensive line (DL), i-linebackers (LB) kanye ne-defensive backs (DB).
Ulayini Wokuzivikela (DL)
Laba basebenzi bazama ukuvala izikhala ezidaleka icala ukuze i-RB ingakwazi ukudlula. Kwesinye isikhathi uzama ukulwa naye ngomugqa wokuhlasela ukuze acindezele i-QB, aze amlwise.
Ama-linebackers (LB)
Umsebenzi we-linebackcker ukumisa i-RB ne-WR eza eduze kwakhe. I-LB ingasetshenziswa futhi ukufaka ingcindezi eyengeziwe ku-QB futhi imxoshe.
I-Defensive Backs (DB)
Umsebenzi we-DB (ebuye ibizwe ngekhona) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi owamukelayo akakwazi ukubamba ibhola.
Ukuphepha Okuqinile (SS)
Ukuphepha okuqinile kungasetshenziswa njenge-LB eyengeziwe ukumboza umamukeli, kodwa angaphinde anikezwe umsebenzi wokubhekana ne-QB.
Ukuphepha Kwamahhala (FS)
Ukuphepha kwamahhala kuyindlela yokugcina futhi unomthwalo wemfanelo wokumboza bonke abadlali asebenza nabo abahlasela indoda ngebhola.
Umehluko
Running Back vs Full Back
Ukugijima emuva ne-fullback yizikhundla ezimbili ezihlukene ebholeni laseMelika. I-runback ivamise ukuba i-halfback noma i-tailback, kanti i-backback ivamise ukusetshenziswa njengesivimbi emugqeni ohlaselayo. Nakuba ama-fullback esimanje engavamile ukusetshenziswa njengabathwali bamabhola, ayevame ukusetshenziswa njengabathwali bebhola abaqokiwe ezinhlelweni ezindala zokuhlasela.
Ukugijima emuva kuvame ukuba ophethe ibhola elikhulu uma kunecala. Banomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqoqa ibhola futhi baliyise endaweni yokugcina. Futhi banomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqoqa ibhola futhi baliyise endaweni yokugcina. Ama-Fullbacks ngokuvamile anesibopho sokuvimba abadlali basemuva kanye nokuvula izimbobo zokugijima emuva ukuze badlule. Futhi banomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqoqa ibhola futhi baliyise endaweni yokugcina. Ama-Fullbacks avamise ukuba made futhi asindayo kunama-backback futhi anamandla amaningi okuvimba.
I-Running Back Vs Wide Receiver
Uma uthanda ibhola uyazi ukuthi kunezikhundla ezahlukene. Omunye wemibuzo evame kakhulu ukuthi uyini umehluko phakathi kokugijima emuva kanye nomamukeli obanzi.
Ogijima emuva nguyena othola ibhola bese eligijima. Amaqembu avamise ukuba nabadlali abancane, abasheshayo abadlala umamukeli obanzi kanye nabadlali abakhulu, abasubathi abaningi abadlala begijima emuva.
Abamukeli ababanzi ngokuvamile bathola ibhola ngokudlula phambili kusuka ku-quarterback. Ngokuvamile bagijima umzila oklanywe umqeqeshi futhi bazame ukudala isikhala esiningi phakathi kwabo nomvikeli ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma zivuliwe, i-quarterback iphonsa ibhola kubo.
Abagijima emuva ngokuvamile bathola ibhola ngokusebenzisa i-handoff noma ngokudlula eceleni. Ngokuvamile zigijima imizila emifushane futhi ngokuvamile ziyinketho ephephile ku-quarterback lapho izamukeli ezibanzi zingavuliwe.
Ngamafuphi: Abamukeli ababanzi bathola ibhola ngokudlula bese abagijima emuva bathola ibhola ngokusebenzisa i-handoff noma i-lateral pass. Abamukeli ababanzi bavame ukusebenzisa imizila emide futhi bazame ukudala isikhala phakathi kwabo nomvikeli, kuyilapho abahlehlayo ngokuvamile besebenzisa imizila emifushane.
