Yintoni ibhola yaseMelika kwaye idlalwa njani? Imigaqo, umdlalo wokudlala kunye nezohlwayo

Ibhola ekhatywayo yaseMelika yaqala njengolunye uhlobo umbhoxo kunye nebhola kunye nokuhamba kwexesha imigaqo lomdlalo watshintsha.

Ibhola ekhatywayo yaseMelika ngumdlalo weqela elikhuphisanayo. Injongo yomdlalo kukufumana amanqaku amaninzi kangangoko. Amanqaku amaninzi afakwe ngesinye ukubamba phantsi nge kwa kwi indawo yokuphela kwelinye iqela.

Kweli nqaku ndiza kuchaza ngokuthe ngqo ukuba yiyiphi ibhola ekhatywayo yaseMelika kunye nendlela umdlalo odlalwa ngayo, kubaqalayo!

Ibhola ekhatywayo yaseMelika yenye yeyona midlalo mikhulu yaseMntla Melika. Nangona umdlalo usenziwa kwihlabathi liphela, uhlala uthandwa kakhulu eMelika.

Incopho yomdlalo yi isitya esikhulu; eyokugqibela phakathi kwezona zimbini zingcono NFL amaqela ajongwa zizigidi zabantu kwihlabathi jikelele minyaka le (ebaleni okanye ekhaya). 

Ibhola ingaphelela apho ngokuyibaleka iye kule ndawo ibizwa ngokuba yi- end zone okanye ngokuyiganga ibhola kwindawo yokugqibela.

Ngaphandle kwe-touchdown, zikho nezinye iindlela zokufumana amanqaku.

Ophumeleleyo liqela elinamanqaku amaninzi ekupheleni kwexesha elisemthethweni. Nangona kunjalo, umzobo unokwenzeka.

E-US naseKhanada, ibhola ekhatywayo yaseMelika ibizwa nje ngokuba 'yibhola ekhatywayo'. Ngaphandle kwe-US kunye neKhanada, umdlalo udla ngokubizwa ngokuba "yibhola ekhatywayo yaseMelika" (okanye ngamanye amaxesha "ibhola ekhatywayo yegridiron" okanye "ibhola ekhatywayo") ukuhlula kwibhola ekhatywayo (ibhola ekhatywayo).

Njengomnye wemidlalo enzima kakhulu emhlabeni, ibhola lebhola laseMelika linemithetho emininzi kunye nezixhobo ezenza ukuba ibe yodwa.

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Umdlalo uyonwabisa ukudlala kodwa nokubukela njengoko ubandakanya indibaniselwano egqibeleleyo yokudlala ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nesicwangciso phakathi kwamaqela amabini akhuphisanayo. 

Yintoni i-NFL (i-National Football League)?

Ibhola ekhatywayo yaseMelika ngowona mdlalo ubukelwe kakhulu eMelika. Kuphando lwabantu baseMelika, kuthathwa njengomdlalo abawuthandayo luninzi lwabaphenduli.

Amanqaku ebhola ekhatywayo yaseMelika angaphezulu lee kweminye imidlalo. 

INational Football League (NFL) yeyona ligi yebhola ekhatywayo enkulu yaseMelika eMelika. I-NFL inamaqela angama-32 ahlulwe abe ziinkomfa ezimbini, i INkomfa yeBhola ekhatywayo yaseMelika (AFC) kunye ne INkomfa yeSizwe yeBhola (NFC). 

Inkomfa nganye yahlulwe yangamacandelo amane, uMntla, uMzantsi, iMpuma neNtshona unamaqela amane kwiqela ngalinye.

Umdlalo wobuntshatsheli, iSuper Bowl, ubukelwa phantse sisiqingatha samakhaya kamabonwakude aseMelika kwaye ukwaboniswa kumabonwakude kwamanye amazwe angaphezu kwe-150.

Usuku lomdlalo, iSuper Bowl ngeCawa, lusuku apho abalandeli abaninzi bephosa amaqela ukuze babukele umdlalo kwaye bameme abahlobo kunye nosapho kwisidlo sangokuhlwa kwaye babukele umdlalo.

Luthathwa ngabaninzi njengolona suku lukhulu enyakeni.

Injongo yomdlalo

Injongo yebhola ekhatywayo yaseMelika kukufumana amanqaku amaninzi kunomchasi wakho ngexesha olinikiweyo. 

Iqela elihlaselayo kufuneka liyishukumise ibhola lijikeleze ibala ngokwezigaba ukuze ekugqibeleni liyingenise ibhola 'kwindawo yokuphela' ukwenzela 'i-touchdown' (inqaku). Oku kunokufezekiswa ngokubamba ibhola kulo mmandla wokugqibela, okanye ngokubaleka ibhola ukuya kwindawo yokugqibela. Kodwa inye kuphela ipali eya phambili evumelekileyo kumdlalo ngamnye.

Iqela ngalinye elihlaselayo lifumana amathuba ama-4 ('ukuhla') ukuhambisa ibhola kwiiyadi ezili-10 ukuya phambili, ukuya ekupheleni kwendawo yelinye iqela, okt ukhuselo.

Ukuba iqela elihlaselayo lihambe ngenene iiyadi ezili-10, liphumelela i-first down, okanye enye iseti ye-10 yokuhla ukuya phambili kwi-XNUMX yeeyadi.

Ukuba i-4 downs idlulile kwaye iqela liye lasilela ukwenza iiyadi ezili-10, ibhola idluliselwe kwiqela elikhuselayo, eliya kuthi emva koko liqhubeke nolwaphulo-mthetho.

umdlalo womzimba

Ibhola ekhatywayo yaseMelika ngumdlalo wokunxibelelana, okanye umdlalo womzimba. Ukuthintela umhlaseli ukuba abaleke nebhola, umkhuseli kufuneka alwe nophethe ibhola. 

Ngaloo ndlela, abadlali abakhuselayo kufuneka basebenzise uhlobo oluthile loqhagamshelwano lomzimba ukumisa ophethe ibhola, ngaphakathi kwemigaqo ethile kunye nezikhokelo.

Abakhuseli akufunekanga bamkhabe, bambethe ngenqindi okanye bamkhubekise ophethe ibhola.

Abanako nabo imaski yobuso kwisigcina-ntloko ukubamba umchasi okanye nge isigcina-ntloko sabo qalisa ukudibana komzimba.

Uninzi lwezinye iindlela zokulwa zisemthethweni.

Abadlali bayafuneka ukuba izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokukhusela ukunxiba, okufana nesigcina-ntloko seplastiki ephothiweyo, iipads zamagxa, iipads ze-hip kunye needolo zamadolo. 

Ngaphandle kwezixhobo zokukhusela kunye nemithetho yokugxininisa ukhuseleko, Ngaba ukwenzakala kuxhaphakile ebholeni?.

Umzekelo, iya isiba nganeno ekubalekeni ngasemva (abathatha eyona mivumbo) kwi-NFL ukuze bagqibe isizini yonke ngaphandle kokulimala.

Iingxoxo nazo zixhaphakile: Ngokutsho kwe-Brain Injury Association yase-Arizona, malunga ne-41.000 yabafundi besikolo samabanga aphakamileyo bafumana ubunzima ngonyaka. 

Ibhola ekhatywayo yeflegi kunye nebhola ekhatywayo zizinto ezahlukeneyo ezinobundlobongela obungaphantsi komdlalo ofumana ukuthandwa kwaye ufumana ingqwalasela engakumbi kwihlabathi liphela.

Ibhola ekhatywayo yeflegi nayo inakho kungenzeka ukuba ube ngumdlalo weOlimpiki ngenye imini

Ingaba likhulu kangakanani iqela lebhola ekhatywayo yaseMelika?

Kwi-NFL, abadlali abasebenzayo be-46 bavunyelwe kwiqela ngalinye ngosuku lomdlalo.

Nje ngeziphumo Ngaba abadlali banendima ekhethekileyo kakhulu, kwaye phantse bonke abadlali abasebenzayo be-46 kwiqela le-NFL baya kudlala kuwo wonke umdlalo. 

Iqela ngalinye lineengcali 'zokuhlasela' (uhlaselo), 'zokhuselo' (zokhuselo) kunye namaqela akhethekileyo, kodwa alinabadlali abangaphezu kwe-11 ebaleni ngexesha. 

Ulwaphulo-mthetho ngokubanzi lunoxanduva lokufumana amanqaku e-touchdowns kunye neenjongo zasebaleni.

Ukhuselo kufuneka luqinisekise ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho alufumani amanqaku, kwaye amaqela akhethekileyo asetyenziselwa ukutshintsha indawo yebala.

Ngokungafaniyo noninzi lwemidlalo edibeneyo, apho umdlalo unamandla ukuze amaqela omabini ahlasele kwaye akhusele ngaxeshanye, akunjalo kwibhola ekhatywayo yaseMelika.

Luyintoni ulwaphulo-mthetho?

Ulwaphulo-mthetho, njengoko sele sifundile, lubandakanya aba badlali balandelayo:

• Umgca okhubekisayo: Abalindi ababini, ukuwisa okuBini, kunye neZiko
• Wide / slot abamkeli: ezimbini ukuya ezintlanu
• Iziphelo eziqinileyo: enye okanye ezimbini
• Ukubaleka ngasemva: enye okanye ezimbini
• Ikota

Umsebenzi womgca okhubekisayo ngumdluli (kwiimeko ezininzi, i kwikota yekota) kwaye uvule indlela yeembaleki (ababaleka ngasemva) ngokuvala amalungu okhuselo.

Aba badlali badla ngokuba ngabadlali abakhulu ebaleni. Ngaphandle kwendawo, i-linemen ekhubekisayo ayibambi ibhola.

Abamkeli ababanzi babamba ibhola okanye iibhloko kwimidlalo ebalekayo. Abamkeli ababanzi kufuneka bakhawuleze kwaye babe nezandla ezilungileyo ukubamba ibhola. Abamkeli ababanzi bahlala bebade, abadlali abakhawulezayo.

Iziphelo eziqinileyo zibamba umgibe okanye iibhloko kwimidlalo ethile yokudlula kunye nokubaleka. Iziphelo eziqinileyo ziye phezulu ekupheleni komgca ohlaselayo.

Bangadlala indima efanayo njengabamkeli ababanzi (ukubamba iibhola) okanye i-linemen ehlaselayo (ukukhusela i-QB okanye ukwenza indawo yabagijimi).

Iziphelo eziqinileyo ziyingxubevange phakathi kwelineman ekhubekisayo kunye ne umfumani obanzi. Isiphelo esiqinileyo sikhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba ungadlala kumgca ohlaselayo kwaye ungowokubaleka njengomamkeli obanzi.

Ababalekayo ngasemva babaleka ("ukukhawuleza") ngebhola kodwa baphinde bavale ikota kweminye imidlalo.

Ukubaleka ngasemva kumgca ngasemva okanye ecaleni kwe-QB. Aba badlali badla ngokuwiswa kwaye kufuna amandla amaninzi ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo ukuze badlale kule ndawo.

Umdlali wekota uqhelekile ukuba nguye ophosa ibhola, kodwa unokubaleka nebhola ngokwakhe okanye ayinike umva webhola.

I-quarterback ngoyena mdlali ubalulekileyo ebaleni. Ungumdlali ozibeka ngqo emva kweziko.

Asingabo bonke aba badlali abazakuba sebaleni kumdlalo ngamnye ohlaselayo. Amaqela anokwahluka inani labamkeli ababanzi, iziphelo eziqinileyo kunye nokubaleka ngasemva ngexesha.

Yintoni ukhuselo?

Ukhuselo lunoxanduva lokumisa uhlaselo kunye nokubagcina ekufumaneni amanqaku.

Akuthathi kuphela abadlali abanzima, kodwa uqeqesho kunye nokusebenza nzima ukwenza isicwangciso somdlalo okhuselayo.

Ukhuselo lubandakanya iiseti ezahlukeneyo zabadlali, ezizezi:

• Umgca wokhuselo: abadlali abathathu ukuya kwabathandathu (ukuzikhusela kunye neziphelo ezikhuselayo)
• Abadlali abakhuselayo: Ubuncinci abadlali abathathu, kwaye aba baziwa njengezinto ezikhuselekileyo okanye iikona
• Linebackers: ezintathu okanye ezine
• Kicker
• punter

Umgca wokukhusela ubekwe ngokuthe ngqo ngokuchasene nomgca ohlaselayo. Umgca wokukhusela uzama ukumisa ikota kunye nokubuyela emva kweqela elihlaselayo.

Njengomgca ohlaselayo, abadlali kumgca wokukhusela ngabona badlali bakhulu ekukhuseleni. Kufuneka bakwazi ukusabela ngokukhawuleza kwaye badlale ngokwasemzimbeni.

Iikona kunye nezinto ezikhuselekileyo zizama ikakhulu ukunqanda abamkeli bangayibambi ibhola. Ngamanye amaxesha nabo bafaka uxinzelelo kwi-quarterback.

Abadlali abakhuselayo badla ngokuba ngabona badlali bakhawulezayo ebaleni kuba kufuneka bakwazi ukukhusela abamkeli abakhawulezayo.

Bakwasoloko bengabona bakweleembaleki, njengoko kufuneka basebenze umva, ukuya phambili nasecaleni.

Abadlali be-linebackers bahlala bezama ukumisa ukubuyela umva kunye nabanokuba ngabamkeli kwaye bajongane ne-quarterback (ukubetha i-quarterback kwaziwa ngokuba "yingxowa").

Bema phakathi komgca wokhuselo kunye nomqolo okhuselayo. Abadlali be-linebackers bakholisa ukuba ngabona badlali bomeleleyo ebaleni.

Bangabaphathi bezokhuselo kwaye banoxanduva lokubiza imidlalo yokuzikhusela.

Umkhabi ukhabela amanqaku ebaleni aze aqalise imidlalo.

Umdlali webhola ekhatywayo ukhaba ibhola kwi-'punts'. I-punt kukukhaba apho umdlali eyiwisa khona ibhola aze ayikhabele ibhola ngakwiqela elikhuselayo kanye phambi kokuba lirhece emhlabeni. 

Yintoni Amaqela Akhethekileyo?

Inxalenye yesithathu neyokugqibela yeqela ngalinye ngamaqela akhethekileyo.

Amaqela akhethekileyo ajonga indawo yentsimi kwaye angene ebaleni kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, ezizezi:

1. Ukukhaba (ukubuya)
2. Indawo (buya)
3. Inqaku lasentsimini

Wonke umdlalo uqala ngokukhatywa kwebhola. Umkhabi ubeka ibhola eqongeni aze ayikhabele kude kangangoko anako ukuya kwiqela elihlaselayo.

Iqela elifumene umdlalo wokukhatywa kwebhola ekhatywayo (iqela elidlala umdlalo okhatywayo okhatywayo) liya kuzama ukuganga ibhola libaleke ngayo kude kangangoko linakho.

Emva kokuba umdlali ophethe ibhola ewisiwe, umdlalo uphelile aze amaqela akhethekileyo aphume ebaleni.

Iqela ebeliphethe ibhola liya kudlala ngoku kuhlaselo, apho obephethe ibhola ebewiswa khona, kwaye elinye iqela lidlale ngokukhusela.

I-'punter' ngumdlali 'okhabayo' okanye okhaba ibhola (kodwa ngeli xesha ivela ezandleni).

Umzekelo, ukuba uhlaselo lufikile kwi-4th phantsi, endaweni yokuzama ukufumana enye yokuqala phantsi, banokukhomba ibhola - ukuyithumela kude necala labo lenkundla ngokusemandleni ukuze bangabi sengozini yokulahlekelwa yibhola kakhulu. kufutshane necala labo.

Basenokucinga ngokuzama ukufaka amanqaku ebaleni.

Indawo yokukora: Kukho iipali ezinkulu ezityheli ezidityaniswe ngepali enqamlezileyo kuzo zombini iindawo zebala lebhola ekhatywayo.

Iqela linokukhetha ukuzama ukufaka amanqaku ebaleni axabisa amanqaku ama-3.

Inkqubo ibandakanya umdlali ophethe ibhola ngokuthe nkqo emhlabeni aze omnye umdlali ayikhabeleyo.

Okanye endaweni yoko ngamanye amaxesha ibhola iyanyuswa ibekwe kwaye ibhola ikhatyelwa kude apho.

Ibhola mayidutyulwe phezu kwepali enqamlezileyo naphakathi kweepali. Ke, iinjongo zenkundla zihlala zithathwa ngomhla we-4 phantsi okanye ekupheleni komdlalo.

Uhamba njani umdlalo webhola ekhatywayo yaseMelika?

Umdlalo webhola ekhatywayo waseMelika unezahlulo ezine ('ikota'), kwaye iwotshi iyamiswa emva kwesenzo ngasinye.

Ngezantsi unokufunda indlela umdlalo webhola ekhatywayo ohamba ngayo ngokubanzi:

1. Wonke umdlalo uqala ngokuphoswa kwemali
2. Emva koko kukho ukukhatywa kwebhola
3. Ngokuqatyelwa kwebhola ekhatywayo, indawo ekuyo ibhola iyamiselwa kwaye umdlalo unokuqalisa
4. Iqela ngalinye linamalinge ama-4 okuqhubela phambili ibhola kwiiyadi ezili-10

Ekuqaleni komdlalo ngamnye kukho ingqekembe yokuphoswa kwebhola ukwenza isigqibo sokuba leliphi iqela elifumana ibhola kuqala kwaye leliphi icala lebala elifuna ukuqala kulo. 

Umdlalo ke uqala ngokukhatywa kwebhola ekhatywayo, okanye ngokukhatywa kwebhola ekhatywayo, endisandul’ ukuthetha ngayo kumaqela akhethekileyo.

Umkhabi weqela elikhuselayo ukhabela ibhola kwicala elichasayo.

Ibhola ikhatywa ukusuka kwindawo ephakamileyo, kwaye ithathwa kumgca we-30-yard yasekhaya (kwi-NFL) okanye umgca we-35-yard kwibhola yekholeji.

Umbuyisi okhabayo weqela elichasayo uzama ukuganga ibhola aze abaleke ukuya phambili kangangoko anako ngebhola.

Apho ajongwe khona yindawo apho uhlaselo luya kuqala khona - okanye uthotho lwemidlalo ehlaselayo.

Ukuba umbuyisi okhabayo uyibambe eyakhe indawo ekupheleni, angakhetha ukubaleka nebhola okanye akhethe umva ngokuguqa kwindawo yokugqibela.

Kwimeko yokugqibela, iqela elifumanayo liqala idrayivu yalo ehlaselayo ukusuka kumgca walo we-20-yard.

I-touchback iyenzeka kwakhona xa ibhola iphuma kwindawo yokugqibela. Iipunti kunye neenguqu kwindawo yokugqibela nazo zinokuphela ngokubamba.

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, iqela ngalinye line-4 phantsi (imizamo) yokuqhubela phambili i-10 okanye ngaphezulu kweeyadi. Amaqela angayiphosa ibhola okanye abaleke nebhola ukwenza ezi yadi.

Emva kokuba iqela liqhubele phambili ubuncinane kwiiyadi ezili-10, lifumana itrayi ezi-4 ngaphezulu.

Ukungaphumeleli ukwenza iiyadi ezili-10 emva kokuhla kwe-4 kuya kubangela inguqu (ngokuphatha ibhola ukuya kwiqela elichasayo).

Ingaba ukuphela komdlalo ophantsi?

I-down ends, kwaye ibhola 'ifile', emva kwenye yezi zilandelayo:

• Umdlali onebhola ubekwa phantsi (uwisiwe) okanye intshukumo yakhe eya phambili inqunyanyiswe ngamalungu eqela elichasayo.
• Ukudlula phambili kubhabha ngaphandle kwemida okanye kubetheka emhlabeni phambi kokuba kubanjwe. Oku kwaziwa njengepasi elingaphelelanga. Ibhola ibuyiselwa kwindawo yayo yokuqala enkundleni kumdlalo olandelayo osezantsi.
• Ibhola okanye umdlali onebhola uyaphuma kumda.
• Amanqaku eqela.
• Kumhlaba wokuphela kwebala: xa ibhola ‘ifile’ kwindawo yesiphelo yeqela kwaye ibe ngumdlali welinye icala onike ibhola umfutho obangele ukuba iwele ngaphaya komgca wokukora iye kwindawo yokugqibela.

Oosompempe babetha impempe ukwazisa bonke abadlali ukuba ukuthoba kuphelile. I-Downs ikwabizwa ngokuba 'yimidlalo'.

Uwafumana njani amanqaku kwibhola ekhatywayo yaseMelika?

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokufumana amanqaku kwibhola ekhatywayo yaseMelika. Eyona idumileyo ngokuqinisekileyo i-touchdown, enika amanqaku amaninzi. 

Kodwa kukho ezinye iindlela:

1. Touchdown
2. I-PAT (injongo yentsimi) okanye ukuguqulwa kwamanqaku amabini
3. Inqaku lasebaleni (nanini na)
4. khetha ezintandathu
5. Safety

Ufumana i-touchdown - ekhupha amanqaku angekho ngaphantsi kwe-6 - ngokubaleka nebhola kwindawo yokugqibela, okanye ukugawula ibhola kwindawo yokugqibela. 

Emva kokufaka i-touchdown, iqela elifumene amanqaku linokhetho ezimbini.

Ikhetha inqaku elongezelelweyo ('inqaku elinye', 'inqaku elongezelelweyo' okanye 'i-PAT'=inqaku emva kokucofa phantsi') ngokugqitha kumhlaba wokukora.

Olu khetho lolona luxhaphakileyo njengoko ngoku kulula noko ukufaka amanqaku ebaleni njengoko iqela elihlaselayo lingekho kude kwiipali.

Iqela linokukhetha ukwenza ukuguqulwa kwamanqaku amabini.

Oko kuzama ukwenza enye i-touchdown, ukusuka kuphawu lweeyadi ezi-2, kwaye oku kucotha kuxabisa amanqaku ama-2.

Ngokuzenzekelayo, iqela lingazama ukudubule ibhola liphumele ezipalini nangaliphi na ixesha (kumhlaba wokukora), kodwa amaqela adla ngokukwenza oku kuphela xa engaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kweeyadi ezingama-20 ukuya kwezingama-40 ukusuka epalini.

Iqela akufuneki libeke emngciphekweni ukukhaba ebaleni ukuba likude kakhulu kwiipali, njengoko xa uqelelene, kuba nzima ukukhupha ibhola ezipalini.

Xa amanqaku angaphumeleli, umdlali welinye icala ufumana ibhola apho ibhola ikhatyelwe khona.

Ukukora ebaleni kudla ngokuqwalaselwa kumhlaba wokugqibela, kwaye ukukhaba okuyimpumelelo kuxabisa amanqaku amathathu.

Kumhlaba wokukora, omnye umdlali ubamba ibhola ngokuthe tye emhlabeni, aze omnye ayidubule ibhola iphumele kwiipali nangaphaya kwepali enqamlezileyo emva kommandla wokugqibela.

Ngelixa idla ngokuba sisenzo solwaphulo-mthetho esifumana amanqaku, ukhuselo lunokuphinda lufumane amanqaku.

Ukuba umkhuseli uthintele ipasi ('khetha') okanye anyanzele umdlali ochasayo ukuba ayiphuthaphuthe (ayiphose) ibhola, banokubalekisa ibhola kwindawo yokugqibela yomdlali welinye icala ngamanqaku amathandathu, okwakwaziwa ngokuba 'yipikha ebizwa ngokuba sisithandathu'.

Ukhuseleko lwenzeka xa iqela elikhuselayo likwazile ukuqubisana nomchasi ohlaselayo kwindawo yalo yokugqibela; kule nto, iqela elikhuselayo lifumana amanqaku ama-2.

Iifowunti ezithile (ingakumbi iifowuli ezithintelayo) ezenziwe ngabadlali abahlaselayo kwindawo yokugqibela nazo zikhokelela kukhuseleko.

Iqela elinamanqaku amaninzi ekupheleni komdlalo libhengezwe njengeliphumeleleyo.

Ukuba amanqaku abambene, kudlalwa ixesha elongezelelweyo namaqela adlala ikota eyongezelelweyo de kubekho ophumeleleyo.

Uthatha ixesha elingakanani umdlalo webhola ekhatywayo yaseMelika?

Umdlalo uthabatha 'iikota' ezine zemizuzu eli-15 (okanye ngamanye amaxesha imizuzu eli-12, umzekelo kwizikolo eziphakamileyo).

Oko kuya kuthetha ukuba iyonke imizuzu engama-60 yexesha lokudlala, ungacinga.

Nangona kunjalo, istopwotshi siyamiswa kwiimeko ezininzi; okufana neefowuli, xa iqela likora okanye lipasile akukho mntu ubamba ibhola phambi kokuba irhece emhlabeni (“ipasi engaphelelanga”).

Iwotshi iqalisa ukubaleka kwakhona xa ibhola ibuyiselwa ebaleni ngunompempe.

Umdlalo ke ngoko wahlulwe waziikota ezine zemizuzu eli-12 okanye eli-15.

Phakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-2 kunye ne-3 kunye neyesine kunye nekota yesi-4 ikhefu lemizuzu emi-2 lithathwa kwaye phakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-3 yekota ikhefu le-12 okanye i-15 imizuzu ithathwa (ixesha lokuphumla).

Kuba istopwotshi sihlala sinqunyanyiswa, umdlalo ungahlala ukuya kutsho kwiiyure ezintathu.

Emva kwekota nganye, amaqela atshintshana. Iqela elinebhola libambe ulawulo kwikota elandelayo.

Iqela elihlaselayo linemizuzwana engama-40 ukusuka ekupheleni komdlalo onikezelweyo ukuqala umdlalo omtsha.

Ukuba iqela alikho ngexesha, liya kohlwaywa ngokuhla kweeyadi ezi-5.

Ukuba ibotshelelwe emva kwemizuzu engama-60, kuya kudlalwa ixesha elongezelelekileyo lemizuzu eli-15. Kwi-NFL, iqela elifumana amanqaku e-touchdown kuqala (ukufa ngokukhawuleza) liphumelele.

Ukukora ebaleni nako kunokwenza iqela liphumelele kwixesha elongezelelweyo, kodwa kuphela ukuba omabini amaqela angabanikazi bebhola ekhatywayo.

Kumdlalo we-NFL oqhelekileyo, apho kungekho qela lifumana amanqaku kwixesha elongezelelweyo, iqhina lihlala. Kumdlalo wokudlala we-NFL, ixesha elongezelelekileyo liyadlalwa, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukumisela ophumeleleyo.

Imithetho yexesha elongezelelweyo laseKholeji inzima kakhulu.

Yintoni ukuphelelwa lixesha?

Abasebenzi babaqeqeshi beqela ngalinye bavumelekile ukuba bacele ukuphuma kwexesha, njengoko kusenziwa kweminye imidlalo.

Ixesha lekhefu linokucelwa ngumqeqeshi ngokwenza izandla zakhe ngendlela engu-'T' aze adlulisele oku kunompempe.

Ixesha lokuphuma likhefu elifutshane lokuba umqeqeshi anxibelelane neqela lakhe, aphule isantya seqela elichasayo, aphumle abadlali, okanye aphephe ukulibaziseka okanye isohlwayo somdlalo.

Iqela ngalinye linelungelo lokuphuma kwexesha kathathu ngesiqingatha ngasinye. Xa umqeqeshi efuna ukubiza ixesha lokuphuma, kufuneka akuxelele usompempe oku.

Iwotshi imisiwe ngexesha lokuvala. Abadlali banexesha lokubamba umoya, ukusela, kunye nabadlali banokutshintshwa.

Kwibhola ekhatywayo yasekholejini, iqela ngalinye lifumana amaxesha ama-3 ekhefu ngesiqingatha. Ixesha ngalinye lokuphuma lingathatha ukuya kwimizuzwana engama-90.

Ukuba ixesha lokuvala alisetyenziswanga kwisiqingatha sokuqala, azinakugqithiselwa kwisiqingatha sesibini.

Kwixesha elongezelelekileyo, iqela ngalinye lifumana ixesha lokuphuma kwikota nganye, nokuba lingakanani ixesha lokuphuma eligqibe ngalo umdlalo.

Ukuphelelwa lixesha kukuzikhethela kwaye akunyanzelekanga ukuba kusetyenziswe.

Kwakhona kwi-NFL, iqela ngalinye lifumana i-3 ixesha lokuphuma kwesiqingatha ngesiqingatha, kodwa ixesha lokuphuma lingadlulela kwimizuzu emi-2. Kwixesha elongezelelweyo, iqela ngalinye lifumana amaxesha amabini okuphuma.

Idlalwa njani ibhola?

Isiqingatha ngasinye siqala ngokukhatywa kwebhola ekhatywayo okanye ngokukhatywa kwebhola. Kodwa amaqela aphinda aqale emva kokukora i-touchdowns kunye neenjongo zasebaleni. 

Ngaphandle kwasekuqaleni kwesiqingatha nasemva kwamanqaku, ibhola, ikwabizwa ngokuba yisikhumba sehagu, isoloko idlalwa 'ngokukhawuleza'. 

Ngokukhawuleza, abadlali abahlaselayo bafola ngokuchasene nabadlali abakhuselayo kumgca weskrim (umgca wentelekelelo ebaleni apho umdlalo uqala khona).

Umdlali okhubekisayo, umbindi, emva koko uyadlula (okanye "uqhawule") ibhola phakathi kwemilenze yakhe kumdlali weqela, ngokuqhelekileyo i-quarterback.

Umdlali wekota emva koko uzisa ibhola ekudlaleni.

Emva kokhuseleko – xa iqela elikhuselayo likwazile ukuwisa umdlali ohlaselayo kwindawo yalo yokugqibela – (ungakubhidanisi oku nendawo yokhuseleko!) – iqela elihlaselayo libuyisela ibhola ekudlaleni ngenqaku okanye ikhabe kweyalo i-20. umgca iyadi.

Iqela elichasayo kufuneka liyibambe ibhola liyizise phambili kangangoko (likhabela imbuyekezo) ukuze uhlaselo lwalo luqale kwakhona ngeyona ndawo ivumayo.

Abadlali bangayisusa njani ibhola?

Abadlali bangayiphakamisa ibhola ngeendlela ezimbini:

1. Ngokubaleka nebhola
2. Ngokujula ibhola

Ukubaleka ngebhola kukwabizwa ngokuba 'kukungxama'. Ngokuqhelekileyo umdlali wekota unika umdlali weqela lakhe ibhola.

Ukongeza, ibhola inokuphoswa, eyaziwa ngokuba 'yipasi eliya phambili'. Ukupasa phambili yinto ebalulekileyo leyo yahlula ibhola yaseMelika phakathi kwezinye izinto, umbhoxo.

Umhlaseli angayiphosa phambili kuphela ibhola phambili kube kanye ngomdlalo kwaye kuphela esemva komgca weskrimmage. Ibhola inokuphoswa ecaleni okanye ngasemva nangaliphi na ixesha.

Olu hlobo lokupasa lwaziwa njengendawo yokupasa esecaleni kwaye ayixhaphakanga kangako kwibhola ekhatywayo yaseMelika kunombhoxo.

Ulutshintsha njani ulawulo lwebhola?

Xa amaqela etshintsha ibhola, iqela ebelisandula ukudlala ngokukhubekisa ibhola ngoku liza kudlala ngokukhusela, liphinde lidlale ngokuphambanayo.

Utshintsho lobunikazi lwenzeka kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Ukuba uhlaselo alukhange luqhubele phambili kwiiyadi ezili-10 emva kokuhla okune 
• Emva kokufaka i-touchdown okanye injongo yebala
• Akuphumelelanga amanqaku ebaleni
• Phuma
• Ukubetha
• Ukungenelela
• Safety

Ukuba emva ko-4 ukuhla, iqela elihlaselayo alikwazanga ukuyiqhubela phambili ibhola ubuncinane kwiiyadi ezili-10, elinye iqela lifumana ulawulo lwebhola apho kuphele khona umdlalo.

Olu tshintsho lwempahla luqhele ukubizwa ngokuba yi "turnover on downs."

Ukuba isenzo solwaphulo-mthetho sikora ibhola ebaleni okanye ebaleni, eli qela liya kuthi liyikhabele ibhola liye kwelinye, lize libe nolawulo lwebhola.

Ukuba iqela elihlaselayo liyasilela ukufaka amanqaku ebaleni, elinye iqela lifumana ulawulo lwebhola kwaye umdlalo omtsha uqala apho umdlalo wangaphambili ubuqale khona (okanye kwiNFL apho bekukhatywe khona).

Ukuba ukukhaba (okungaphumelelanga) bekuthathwe ngaphakathi kweeyadi ezingama-20 zommandla wokugqibela, elinye iqela lifumana ibhola kumgca walo weeyadi ezingama-20 (oko kukuthi, iiyadi ezingama-20 ukusuka kwindawo yokugqibela).

Ukuphuthaphutha kwenzeka xa umdlali ohlaselayo eyiwisa phantsi ibhola emva kokuyiganga okanye, ngokuqhelekileyo, emva kokuwiswa okunyanzele ukuba ayiwise ibhola.

Ibhola inokufunyanwa ngumdlali welinye icala (ukhuselo).

Njengakwimingenelelo (jonga ngezantsi), umdlali ochola ibhola angabaleka nebhola de abe uwisiwe okanye akhutshwe ebaleni.

I-Fumbles kunye ne-interceptions zibizwa ngokudibeneyo njenge "turnovers."

Kwinqanaba elithile, iqela elihlaselayo lidubula ibhola (ngokungoko linakho) kwicala elikhuselayo, kanye njengaxa ikhatywa ibhola.

Iipunts - njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili - ziphantse zihlale zenziwe kwindawo yesine phantsi, xa iqela elihlaselayo lingafuni ukubeka emngciphekweni wokugqithisela ibhola kwiqela elichasayo kwindawo yalo yangoku ebaleni (ngenxa yokungaphumeleli ukuzama ukwenza umdlalo wokuqala phantsi) kwaye ucinga ukuba ibhola ikude kakhulu kwiipali ukuze uzame ukufaka amanqaku ebaleni.

Xa umdlali okhuselayo ehlaba ipasi evela kwiqela elihlaselayo ephuma emoyeni ('ungenelelo'), iqela elikhuselayo liyibamba ngokuzenzekelayo ibhola.

Umdlali ongenelayo unokubaleka nebhola de ibe iwisiwe okanye iphumele ngaphandle kwemigca yebala.

Emva kokuba umdlali ohlabayo ewisiwe okanye ebekwe ecaleni, iqela elihlaselayo leqela lakhe libuyela ebaleni lithathe indawo ekuyo ngoku.

Njengoko kuxoxiwe ngaphambili, ukhuseleko lwenzeka xa iqela elikhuselayo liphumelela ukulwa nomhlaseli kwindawo yalo yokugqibela.

Ngale nto, iqela elikhuselayo lifumana amanqaku ama-2 kwaye ngokuzenzekelayo lizuza ulawulo lwebhola. 

ISicwangciso seBhola esiSiseko saseMelika

Kwabanye abalandeli, owona mbheno mkhulu webhola ekhatywayo licebo eliyilwe ngabaqeqeshi babini ukunyusa amathuba okuphumelela umdlalo. 

Iqela ngalinye linento ebizwa ngokuba 'yincwadi yokudlala' enamashumi ukuya ngamanye amaxesha amakhulu eemeko zemidlalo (ekwabizwa ngokuba 'yimidlalo').

Ngokufanelekileyo, wonke umdlalo unenjongo ecacileyo, ulungelelwaniso lweqela. 

Eminye imidlalo ikhuselekile kakhulu; mhlawumbi baya kukhupha iiyadi ezimbalwa kuphela.

Eminye imidlalo inamandla okufumana iiyadi ezininzi, kodwa ngomngcipheko omkhulu wokuphulukana neeyadi (ilahleko yeyadi) okanye imbuyekezo (xa umdlali welinye icala ezuza ulawulo).

Ngokubanzi, imidlalo yokugxalathelana (apho ibhola ibalekwa ngoko nangoko endaweni yokuphoswa kumdlali kuqala) ayinabungozi kangako kunemidlalo yokupasa (apho ibhola iphoswa ngqo kumdlali).

Kodwa kukwakho nemidlalo yokugqitha ekhuselekileyo kunye nemidlalo yokubaleka eyingozi.

Ukuze ulahlekise iqela elichasayo, imidlalo ethile edlulayo yenzelwe ukufana nemidlalo ebalekayo kwaye ngokuphambeneyo.

Mininzi imidlalo yobuqhophololo, umzekelo xa iqela lidlala ngathi lijonge "ukukhomba" lize lizame ukubaleka nebhola okanye ukujula ibhola okokuqala phantsi.

Imidlalo enjalo eyingozi ivuyisa kakhulu kubalandeli - ukuba bayasebenza. Kwelinye icala, banokubiza intlekele ukuba umchasi uyayibona inkohliso aze enze okuthile ngayo.

Ngeentsuku phakathi kwemidlalo, kukho iiyure ezininzi zokulungiselela kunye neqhinga, kubandakanya ukubukela iividiyo zomdlalo weqela elichasayo ngabadlali kunye nabaqeqeshi.

Oku, kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwemvelo yomdlalo, yiyo loo nto amaqela edlala kumdlalo omnye ngeveki.

Funda kwakhona inkcazo yam malunga nebhola ekhatywayo apho isicwangciso esilungileyo sikwabaluleke kakhulu

Yintoni incwadi yokudlala yebhola ekhatywayo yaseMelika?

Kukho amakhulu emidlalo eyahlukeneyo abadlali abanokuthi bayidlale kwindawo nganye esezantsi. Zonke ezi zikwincwadi ebizwa ngokuba yincwadi yokudlala yeqela ngalinye. 

Incwadi yokudlala inazo zonke izicwangciso zeqela zokufumana amanqaku amaninzi kangangoko. Kukho enye incwadi yokudlala yolwaphulo-mthetho kunye neyokuzikhusela.

Imidlalo 'iyilwa' ngabaqeqeshi, apho abadlali abahlaselayo bahlala bebaleka kumacala ahlukeneyo ('indlela yokubaleka') kwaye kwenziwa iintshukumo ezilungelelanisiweyo kunye neentshukumo.

Kukwakho nencwadi yokudlala yokuzikhusela, apho kwenziwa izicwangciso zokukhusela uhlaselo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Umqeqeshi oyintloko okanye umva wekota umisela imidlalo yeqela elihlaselayo ngelixa ukapteni okhuselayo okanye umququzeleli umisela imidlalo yeqela elikhuselayo.

Lingakanani ibala lebhola ekhatywayo laseMelika?

Ezona ndawo zibalulekileyo kwibala lebhola ekhatywayo laseMelika ziindawo zokuphela ezimbini, enye yazo ikwisiphelo ngasinye sebala.

Ummandla ngamnye wesiphelo uneemitha ezili-10 ubude kwaye yindawo apho i-touchdowns ifakwe khona. Umgama ukusuka kwi-endzone ukuya kwi-endone yi-100 yeeyadi ubude.

Ibala lebhola lebhola laseMelika ke ngoko lilonke leemitha ezili-120 (malunga neemitha ezili-109) ubude kunye neeyadi ezingama-53,3 (malunga neemitha ezingama-49) ububanzi.

Ummandla wesiphelo udla ngombala ngokwahlukileyo ukuze uchongwe ngokulula ngabadlali.

Kukwakho neepali (ezikwabizwa ngokuba 'ziindawo eziphakamileyo') ekupheleni kwebala apho umkhabi anokuyidubula khona ibhola. Iipali ziqelelene ngeemitha eziyi-18.5 (5,6 m) (24 feet okanye 7,3 m kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo).

Izithuba zixhunywe nge-batten 3 yeemitha ukusuka emhlabeni. Ibala lebhola ekhatywayo laseMelika lahlulwe ngokwemigca yeeyadi rhoqo kwiiyadi ezi-5 kububanzi bebala.

Phakathi kwaloo migca uya kufumana umgca omfutshane kwiyadi nganye. Zonke iiyadi ezili-10 zibaliwe: 10 – 20 – 30 – 40 – 50 (embindini) – 40 – 30 – 20 – 10.

Imigca emibini yemigca, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "inbounds lines" okanye "hash marks," ihambelana nemigca esecaleni ekufutshane nombindi webala.

Yonke imidlalo iqala ngebhola phakathi okanye phakathi kwamanqaku e-hash.

Ukwenza oku kubonakale ngakumbi, unako Jonga lo mfanekiso kwi-Sportsfy.

Izixhobo (izixhobo) zebhola ekhatywayo yaseMelika

Izixhobo zokukhusela ezipheleleyo zisetyenziswa kwibhola ekhatywayo; ngaphezu kokuba kunjalo kweminye imidlalo.

Ngokomgaqo, umdlali ngamnye kufuneka anxibe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ukuze akwazi ukudlala.

Oosompempe bajonga izixhobo phambi komdlalo ukuqinisekisa ukuba abadlali banxibe ukhuseleko oluyimfuneko ukuze bathobele izikhokelo.

Unako ukufunda oko abadlali izixhobo sebenzisa ngezantsi:

• Helm
• umlindi womlomo
• Iiphedi zamagxa anejezi yeqela
• Bhinqa ngeebhulukhwe zebhola
• Iicleats
• Iiglavu ezinokwenzeka

I-accessory yokuqala kunye neyona nto iphawulekayo isigcina-ntloko† Isigcina-ntloko senziwe ngeplastiki eqinileyo ekhusela ubuso nokakayi kwizithonga ezinzima.

Izigcina-ntloko ziza nazo imaski yobuso (imaski yobuso), kunye noyilo lwayo luxhomekeke kwindawo yomdlali.

Umzekelo, abamkeli ababanzi badinga imaski yobuso evuleke ngakumbi ukugcina umbono webhola ukuze bayigange.

Kwelinye icala, umdlali womgca okhubekisayo uhlala enesigqubuthelo sobuso esivaliweyo ukukhusela ubuso bakhe kwizandla neminwe yomdlali ochasayo.

Isigcina-ntloko sibanjwe kwindawo kunye i-chinstrap.

Umlindi womlomo ukwanyanzelekile, kunye nesishwankathelo sezona modeli zibalaseleyo, funda ngakumbi apha.

iiphedi zamagxa sesinye isixhobo esimangalisayo somdlali webhola ekhatywayo. Amagxa amagxa enziwe ngeplastiki eqinileyo ebotshelelwe ngokuqinileyo phantsi kwamakhwapha.

Iiphedi zamagxa zinceda ukukhusela amagxa kunye nesigcina-sifuba.

Ijezi inxitywa phezu kwamagxa. Iijezi ziyinxalenye yekiti, ebonisa imibala yeqela kunye nesimboli.

Inombolo yomdlali kunye negama kufuneka zifakwe. Amanani abalulekile, njengoko abadlali kufuneka bawele kuluhlu oluthile ngokusekelwe kwindawo yabo.

Oku kuyanceda oosompempe misela ukuba ngubani onokuyibamba ibhola kwaye ngubani ongakwaziyo (kuba ayinguye wonke umdlali onokuyibamba nje ibhola aze abaleke nayo!).

Kumaqela asezantsi, abadlali badla ngokuvunyelwa ukuba bazikhethele inani labo, nto leyo engafuni kwanto yakwenza nendawo abakuyo ebaleni.

Iijezi zenziwe ngemathiriyeli yenayiloni ethambileyo enamanani ngaphambili nangasemva.

I-grille yibhulukhwe eqinile kunye nokhuseleko olunxiba phantsi kokhuphiswano lwakho okanye ibhulukhwe yoqeqesho.

Ibhanti inika ukhuseleko kwi-hips, amathanga kunye nomsila. Eminye imibhinqo ikwanokhuseleko olwakhelwe ngaphakathi emadolweni. Kwimibhinqo engcono cofa apha.

Ukusebenzisa abadlali izihlangu ezineentambo, ezifana kakhulu neebhutsi zebhola.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yakho kwibala (kunye nomphezulu odlala kuwo), ezinye iimodeli zingcono kunezinye. Banika ukubamba okwaneleyo kunye nentuthuzelo.

Iiglavu azinyanzelwanga, kodwa zicetyiswa ngokubanzi.

Inokunceda abadlali ukuba bayibambe ngcono ibhola okanye bakhusele izandla zabo.

Ngaba ujonge iiglavu zebhola entsha? Funda apha ukuba zeziphi ezona zibalaseleyo.

Iinombolo zejezi zeNFL

Inkqubo yamanani yejezi yeNFL isekelwe kwindawo ephambili yomdlali. Kodwa nawuphi na umdlali - nokuba leliphi inani lakhe - angadlala nakweyiphi na indawo.

Akuqhelekanga ukubaleka umva ukuze udlale njengommkeli obanzi kwiimeko ezithile, okanye umgca we-lineman okanye umgca we-linebacker ukudlala njenge-fullback okanye isiphelo esiqinileyo kwiimeko ezimfutshane ze-yardage.

Nangona kunjalo, abadlali abanxibe iinombolo ze-50-79 kufuneka bazise unompempe kwangaphambili ukuba badlala ngaphandle kwendawo ngokunika ingxelo ngenombolo engafanelekanga kwindawo efanelekileyo.

Abadlali abanxibe eli nani abavumelekanga ukuba bayibambe ngolo hlobo ibhola.

Nantsi i-ement-b20b5b37-e428-487d-a6e1-733e166faebd jikelele” class=”textannotation disambiguated wl-thing” itemid=”https://data.wordlift.io/wl146820/entity/rules”>imithetho yeenombolo zejezi :

• I-1-19: I-Quarterback, i-Kicker, i-Punter, i-Wide Receiver, i-Running Back
• 20-29: Ukubaleka ngasemva, iKona ngasemva, uKhuseleko
• 30-39: Ukubaleka ngasemva, iKona ngasemva, uKhuseleko
• I-40-49: Ukubuyela umva, isiphelo esiqinileyo, i-Cornerback, uKhuseleko
• I-50-59: Umgca okhubekisayo, umgca okhuselayo, u-Linebacker
• I-60-69: Umgca ohlaselayo, umgca okhuselayo
• I-70-79: Umgca ohlaselayo, umgca okhuselayo
• 80-89: Ummkeli obanzi, isiphelo esiqinileyo
• I-90-99: Umgca okhuselayo, u-Linebacker

Kwimidlalo yaphambi kwesizini, xa amaqela edla ngokuba nenani elikhulu labadlali abashiyekileyo, abadlali banokunxiba amanani ngaphandle kwale migaqo ingasentla.

Xa iqela lokugqibela lisekwa, abadlali baya kuphinda babhalwe kwakhona ngaphakathi kwezikhokelo ezingentla.

Izohlwayo kwiBhola ekhatywayo yaseMelika

Ukugcina umdlalo ulungile, oonompempe bajonga iwotshi, babethe impempe xa umdlali ewiswa (kuba kuxa umdlalo uphela), kwaye baphose iflegi yesohlwayo emoyeni xa kusenziwa iintsizi.

Nawuphi na usompempe unokuphakamisa iflegi yesohlwayo esityheli kufutshane nesiza solwaphulo-mthetho.

Iflegi yesohlwayo ibonisa ukuba usompempe usibhaqile isohlwayo kwaye ufuna ukulumkisa abadlali, iqela labaqeqeshi kunye nabanye oosompempe. 

Izohlwayo zihlala zikhokelela kwiiyadi ezingalunganga kwiqela elonileyo (apho usompempe ebeka ibhola ngasemva kwaye iqela liya kuphulukana neeyadi).

Ezinye izohlwayo ezikhuselayo zinika icala elihlaselayo ithuba elizenzekelayo. 

Izohlwayo ezongezelelweyo zibonakaliswa ngusompempe omnye ngokujula ingxowa yeembotyi okanye ikepusi yakhe.

Xa umdlalo uphelile, iqela elenzakeleyo linokukhetha ukuthatha isohlwayo kwaye lidlale ezantsi kwakhona okanye ligcine isiphumo somdlalo odlulileyo lidlulele kwelilandelayo ezantsi.

Kweli candelo lingezantsi ndiza kuxoxa ngezinye izohlwayo ezidumileyo.

Ukuqala kokuxoka

Ukuze kuqaliswe umdlalo ofanelekileyo, abadlali beqela eliphetheyo (ulwaphulo-mthetho) kufuneka beme ngxi ngokupheleleyo.

Umdlali omnye kuphela (kodwa ingenguye umdlali kumgca okhubekisayo) onokuba nentshukumo, kodwa asoloko enxusene nomgca wokukrala. 

Isiqalo esingeyonyani senzeke xa umdlali ohlaselayo eshukuma phambi kokuba kungene ibhola. 

Oku kufana nokuphuma kwindawo uqalise ugqatso ngaphambi kokuba usompempe adubule umpu wakhe.

Nayiphi na intshukumo yomdlali ohlaselayo elinganisa ukuqala komdlalo omtsha iyohlwaywa ngokubuyisela umva ngeeyadi ezi-5 (ibhola ibuyiselwe umva ngeeyadi ezi-5).

Ukulalela

Ukulalela kuthetha ukulalela. Ukulalela lulwaphulo-mthetho apho umdlali ekwicala elingelilo lomgca wokukrala xa ibhola 'inqunyulwe' ize ngaloo ndlela ingene emdlalweni.

Xa umdlali weqela elikhuselayo enqumla umgca wokukrala phambi kokuba kuqale umdlalo, oko kuthathwa njengelalela.

Njengesohlwayo, umkhuseli uhlehla iiyadi ezi-5.

Abadlali abakhuselayo, ngokungafaniyo nolwaphulo-mthetho, banokushukuma phambi kokuba ibhola idlalwe, kodwa bangaweli umgca wokukrala.

Ukulalela lityala elenziwa ikakhulu ngabakhuseli, kodwa linokwenzeka kuhlaselo.

inkampani ubambe

Ngexesha lomdlalo, ngumdlali ophethe ibhola kuphela onokuthi abanjwe. 

Ukubamba umdlali ongayiphetheyo ibhola kuthiwa uyibambe. Kukho umahluko phakathi kokubamba okukhubekisayo kunye nokubamba ngokuzikhusela.

Ukuba umhlaseli ubambe umkhuseli (ukubamba okuhlaselayo) kwaye loo mdlali usebenzisa izandla zakhe, iingalo, okanye ezinye iindawo zomzimba wakhe ukukhusela umdlali okhuselayo ekubambeni nomphathi webhola, iqela lakhe lihlawuliswa ngokuhla kweeyadi ezili-10.

Ukuba umkhuseli ubambe umhlaseli (ukubamba ngokhuselo), kwaye lo mdlali uwisa okanye ubambe umdlali ohlaselayo ongenayo ibhola, iqela lakhe liphulukana neeyadi ezi-5 kwaye uhlaselo luphumelela ngokuzenzekela ezantsi.

Dlulisa ukuphazamiseka

Umdlali wasemva akufuneki atyhale okanye achukumise umhlaseli ukumthintela ekugangeni ibhola. Kufuneka kubekho unxibelelwano kuphela xa ezama ukuganga ibhola.

Uphazamiseko lokudlula lwenzeka xa umdlali enxibelelana ngokungekho mthethweni nomnye umdlali ezama ukubambisa ngokufanelekileyo. 

Ngokutsho kwe-NFL rulebook, ukuphazamiseka kokupasa kubandakanya ukubamba, ukutsala, kunye nokukhubeka umdlali, nokuzisa izandla ebusweni bomdlali, okanye ukwenza intshukumo yokusika phambi komamkeli.

Njengesohlwayo, iqela liyaqhubeka nokuhlasela ukusuka kwindawo yokuphulwa, ukubala njenge-1 ngokuzenzekelayo phantsi.

Intlonti yomntu (intsizi yobuqu)

Ulwaphulo-mthetho lomntu lubhekwa njengelona tyala elibi kakhulu kwibhola ekhatywayo kuba liphula imithetho yentlonipho kunye nezemidlalo.

Ukwenza intlonti ebholeni lulwaphulo-mthetho olubangelwa kumdlalo orhabaxa ngokungeyomfuneko okanye ongcolileyo obeka omnye umdlali esichengeni sokwenzakala komnye umdlali. 

Imizekelo yolwaphulo-mthetho lomntu siqu ibandakanya:

• Isigcina-ntloko soqhagamshelwano lwesigcina-ntloko
• Isigcina-ntloko emadolweni omchasi
• yenza uwiso ngaphandle kwebala
• okanye nayiphi na enye into usompempe ayithatha njengechasene nemidlalo

Isohlwayo seeyadi ezili-15 siyanikezelwa kwaye iqela elenzakeleyo ngokuzenzekelayo linikwa indawo yokuqala yokuthoba.

Ukulibaziseka komdlalo

Xa omnye umdlalo uphela, umdlalo olandelayo uyaqala. Abahlaseli kufuneka bayibuyisele ekudlaleni ibhola phambi kokuba iwotshi yomdlalo iphele.

Kwibhola ekhatywayo yaseMelika, iqela elihlaselayo liyohlwaywa iiyadi ezi-5 ngokulibazisa ukudlala ukuba liye lasilela ukufaka ibhola ekudlaleni ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokukhaba ngaphandle kokukhaba ngaphandle kokuba iwotshi yomdlalo iphele. 

Eli xesha lilinganiselweyo liyohluka ngokokhuphiswano, kwaye lidla ngokuba yimizuzwana engama-25 ukusuka kwixesha apho unompempe ebonisa ukuba ibhola ikulungele ukudlalwa.

Ibloko engekho mthethweni ngasemva

Umthetho uthi zonke iibhloko ebholeni kufuneka zenziwe ukusuka phambili, zingaveli ngasemva. 

Ibloko engekho mthethweni ngasemva sisohlwayo esibizwa ngokuba yibhola ekhatywayo xa umdlali edibana nomzimba ngaphezu kwesinqe nasemva nomdlali ochasayo ongayiphetheyo ibhola. 

Esi sohlwayo siphumela kwisohlwayo seeyadi ezili-10 ukusuka kwindawo yolwaphulo-mthetho.

Ngokuthi 'ukudibana ngokomzimba' kuthetha ukusebenzisa izandla okanye iingalo ukutyhala umdlali ochasayo ngasemva ngendlela echaphazela intshukumo yakhe. 

Ukuvala ngaphantsi kwesinqe

Oku kubandakanya 'ukuthintela' umdlali ongenguye ophethe ibhola.

Kwibhloko engekho mthethweni engaphantsi kwesinqe (ukusuka kulo naliphi na icala), i-blocker isebenzisa ngokungekho mthethweni ihlombe lakhe ukudibanisa nomkhuseli ongaphantsi kwebhanti yakhe. 

Akukho mthethweni kuba kunokubangela ukonzakala okumandundu - ngakumbi abo bafikelela edolweni naseqatheni - kwaye kuyinzuzo engafanelekanga kumthinteli ngenxa yokuba intshukumo yenza umkhuseli angakwazi ukuhamba.

Isohlwayo ziiyadi ezili-15 kwi-NFL, NCAA (ikholeji / iyunivesithi), nakwisikolo esiphakamileyo. Kwi-NFL, ukuvimba ngaphantsi kwesinqe akukho mthethweni ngexesha lokukhaba imidlalo kwaye emva kokutshintshwa kwempahla.

Ukuqhawula

Ukuqhawula kunqatshelwe ngenxa yokuba kunokubangela ukulimala, kubandakanywa ne-collateral and cruciate ligaments kunye ne-meniscus.

I-Clipping ihlasela umdlali welinye icala ongaphantsi kwesinqe ngasemva, ukuba umdlali welinye icala akanayo ibhola.

Ukunqunqa kukwaquka ukuziqengqa kwimilenze yomdlali welinye icala emva kwebhloko.

Ngokuqhelekileyo akukho mthethweni, kodwa kwiNational Football League kusemthethweni ukukrazula ngaphezu kwedolo kumdlalo osondeleyo.

Umgca osondeleyo ngummandla ophakathi kweendawo ezihlala zihlalwa ngokuhlaselayo. Unabela kwiiyadi ezintathu kwicala ngalinye lomgca wekririm.

Kwiiligi ezininzi, isohlwayo sokunqunyulwa kweeyadi ezili-15, kwaye ukuba yenziwe ngokhuselo, i-automatic first down. 

nqunqa ibhloko

Ibhloko ye-chop ayikho mthethweni kwaye yenzeka xa umdlali evalwe ngabachasi ababini, omnye uphezulu kwaye omnye uphantsi, ebangela ukuba umdlali awe.

Ibhloko ye-chop yibhloko yomhlaseli apho umdlali ohlaselayo evimba umdlali okhuselayo kwindawo yethanga okanye ngaphantsi, ngelixa omnye umdlali ohlaselayo ehlasela loo mdlali okhuselayo ngaphezu kwesinqe.

Akusiyo isohlwayo ukuba umchasi we-blocker uqalisa ukudibanisa ngaphezu kwesinqe, okanye ukuba umthinteli uzama ukubalekela kumchasi wakhe kwaye ukudibanisa akukona ngabom.

Isohlwayo sebhloko ye-chop engekho mthethweni yilahleko yeeyadi ezili-15.

Ukurhangqa umkhabi/ipunter/isibambi

Ukurhangqa umkhabi/umdlali webhola ekhatywayo kuxa umdlali okhuselayo engqubeka kumkhabi okanye umdlali webhola ekhatywayo ngexesha lokudlala.

Amaxesha amaninzi isohlwayo esirhabaxa umkhabi siyanikezelwa ukuba ukudibana nomkhabi kuqatha.

Ukurhangqa umkhabi/umkhabi webhola kwenzeka xa umdlali okhuselayo erweca umlenze omileyo womkhabi ngeli lixa umlenze wakhe wokukhaba usemoyeni, okanye edibana nomkhabi xa benenyawo zombini emhlabeni. 

Umthetho ukwasebenza nakulowo ubambe ibhola ebaleni, njengoko engumdlali ongakwaziyo ukuzikhusela.

Ayilotyala ukuba unxibelelwano alunabuzaza, okanye ukuba umkhabi ubuyisela iinyawo zombini emhlabeni phambi komdlalo aze awe phezu komkhuseli emhlabeni.

Isohlwayo sokuphulwa okunjalo kukhuphiswano oluninzi luyi-15 yeeyadi kunye nokuzenzekelayo kuqala.

Ukuba oko kunyhashwa, iqela eliza kuncama into ethile lizigcina linegunya ngenxa yoko.

Ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho lwenzeka kumgomo wokukhatyelwa ezipalini ngempumelelo, iyadi iya kuhlolwa kukhaba olukhabayo olulandelayo, ngaphandle kokuba iqela elihlaselayo linyule ukwamkela isohlwayo kwaye liqhubeke nomdlalo ngethemba lokufumana i-touchdown, ekubhekiswa kuyo “njengokuthatha.” amanqaku ebhodini”.

Musa ukusibhida esisohlwayo 'ngokubalekela kumkhabi' (jonga ngezantsi).  

Ukubalekela kumkhabi

Ukubaleka kumkhabi kuthathwa ngokuba bunzima kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nokurhabaxa umkhabi.

Kwenzeka xa umdlali okhuselayo edibana nomlenze wokukhaba okanye womkhabi okanye xa enqanda umkhabi/umkhabi ukuba angahlali ngokukhuselekileyo ngeenyawo zombini emhlabeni emva kokukhaba.

Ukuba umdlali okhuselayo ubetha umlenze ojingayo womkhabi, kubalwa njengokubaleka ukuya kumkhabi. 

Ukubaleka kumkhabi sisohlwayo esingaphantsi kobunzima kwaye yilahleko yeeyadi ezi-5 kwiqela.

Sesinye sezohlwayo ezimbalwa ezingezi nokuqala ukwehla ngokuzenzekelayo, njenge-offside.

Erhabula umdluli

Abadlali basemva bavumelekile ukuba baqhagamshelane nomdlali ozama ukujula ibhola phambili ngelixa bephethe ibhola (umz. ingxowa yomva wekota).

Nangona kunjalo, xa ibhola likhutshiwe, abakhuseli abavumelekanga ukuba baqhagamshelane ne-quarterback ngaphandle kokuba baqhutywe ngumfutho.

Isigwebo malunga nokuba ukuqhagamshelana emva kokukhululwa kwebhola kwaba ngumphumo wokuphulwa okanye ukukhawuleza kwenziwa ngumpempe kwimeko-nge-case.

Ukurhangqa umdluli lityala apho umdlali okhuselayo enxibelelana ngokungekho mthethweni nomdlali wekota emva kokuba ephose ibhola phambili.

Isohlwayo yi-10 okanye i-15 yeeyadi, ngokuxhomekeke kwiligi, kunye ne-automatic first down for the foreens.

Ukurhangqa umdluli kungabizwa kwakhona ukuba umkhuseli wenza izinto ezoyikisayo ngakulowo udlulayo, ezinjengokumphakamisa nokumcinezela phantsi, okanye ukujijisana naye.

Isenokuthiwa kwakhona ukuba umdlali ojongene nomdluli wenza i-helmet-to-helmet contact, okanye umhlaba kumdluli kunye nobunzima obupheleleyo bomzimba wakhe.

Into engaphandle komgaqo wokurhabaxa kuxa umpasi ephinda ephinda edlala emva kokuphosa ibhola, okufana nokuzama ukubhloka, ukulungisa impazamo, okanye ukuwisa umdlali okhuselayo ozuze ulawulo lwebhola.

Kwezi meko, umntu odlulayo uphathwa njengaye nawuphi na omnye umdlali kwaye unokuchukunyiswa ngokusemthethweni.

Ukurhangqa umdluli nako akusebenzi kwiindawo zokudlula ezisecaleni okanye ekudluleni ngasemva.

Ungenelelo

Ungenelelo lunenkcazo eyahlukileyo kwiiligi ezahlukeneyo/ukhuphiswano. Okuhambelanayo sisohlwayo: oko kukuthi ilahleko yeeyadi ezi-5.

Kwi-NFL, ukungenelela kwenzeka xa umdlali okhuselayo ewela ngokungekho mthethweni umgca we-scrimmage kwaye wenza uqhagamshelwano nomchasi okanye unomzila ocacileyo wekota ngaphambi kokuba ibhola idlalwe. 

Umdlalo uyekwa ngoko nangoko, njengesiqalo sobuxoki. Olu lwaphulo-mthetho luya kuba sisohlwayo sokulalela kwi-NCAA.

Kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, ukungenelela kubandakanya NAKUPHI ukuwela ummandla ongathathi hlangothi ngokhuselo, nokuba unxibelelwano lwenziwe okanye hayi.

Kuyafana nokulalela/ukulalela, ngaphandle kwaxa oku kusenzeka, umdlalo awuvumelekanga ukuba uqalise.

Njengakwicala elilaleleyo, iqela elonileyo lohlwaywa ngeeyadi ezi-5.

Kwi-NCAA, isohlwayo songenelelo sibizwa xa umdlali ohlaselayo edlula emgceni weskrimmage emva kokuba umbindi echukumise ibhola kodwa engekayifaki ekudlaleni.

Akukho lungenelelo lwabadlali abakhuselayo kwibhola ekhatywayo yasekholejini.

Ukungqubana kwesigcina-ntloko ukuya kwisigcina-ntloko

Olu hlobo loqhagamshelwano ekugqibeleni luthathwa njengomdlalo onobungozi ngabaphathi beligi emva kweminyaka ngenxa yokukwazi ukwenza ukwenzakala okukhulu.

Amaqela amakhulu ebhola ekhatywayo, afana ne-NFL, i-Canadian Football League (CFL), kunye ne-NCAA, baye bathatha indawo engqongqo kwi-helmet-to-helmet collisions.

Umfutho wawuphando lweCongressional kwimiphumo yeengqungquthela eziphindaphindiweyo kubadlali bebhola kunye nezinto ezintsha ezifunyenweyo malunga ne-encephalopathy engapheliyo (CTE).

Okunye ukwenzakala okunokwenzeka kubandakanya ukwenzakala entloko, ukwenzakala komnqonqo, kunye nokufa. 

Ukungqubana kwe-helmet ukuya kwi-helmet ziziganeko apho izigcina-ntloko zabadlali ababini zidibana nomthamo omkhulu wamandla.

Ukubangela ngabom ukungqubana kwe-helmet-to-helmet sisohlwayo kukhuphiswano oluninzi lwebhola.

Isohlwayo ziiyadi ezili-15, kunye ne-1 ezenzekelayo phantsi.

Abavelisi be-helmet bahlala bephucula ukuyila kwabo ukukhusela ngokufanelekileyo abasebenzisi babo kukulimala okubangelwa yimpembelelo enjalo.

ukuwisa ikhola yehashe

I-horse-collar tackle iyingozi kakhulu ngenxa yendawo engathandekiyo yomdlali obambekileyo, oya kuhlala ewa ngasemva kwintshukumo ejikelezayo kunye nomlenze omnye okanye yomibini ebanjwe phantsi kobunzima bomzimba wakhe.

Oku kwenziwa mandundu lunyawo lomdlali ukubanjwa ebaleni kunye nobunzima obongezelelweyo bomkhuseli. 

Ukuwisa ngekhola yehashe linyathelo apho umkhuseli awisela omnye umdlali ngokubamba ikhola yangasemva yejezi okanye umva wamagxa eepads kwaye ngoko nangoko atsalele ophethe ibhola ezantsi ngenkani ukukhupha iinyawo zakhe phantsi kwakhe. 

Ukulimala okunokwenzeka kubandakanya i-cruciate ligament sprains okanye iinyembezi emadolweni (kubandakanywa ne-ACL kunye ne-MCL) kunye namaqatha, kunye nokuphuka kwe-tibia kunye ne-fibula.

Nangona kunjalo, ihashe-collar tackles eyenziwa kufuphi nomgca we-scrimmage ivumelekile.

Kwi-NFL, i-horse-collar tackle iphumela kwisohlwayo se-15-yard kunye ne-othomathikhi yokuqala phantsi xa yenziwe yi-defense.

Kuya kuhlala kukhokelela kwisohlwayo esibekwe ngumbutho kumdlali.

Isohlwayo semaski yobuso

Esi sigwebo sinokubekwa kubadlali abagwenxa, ukukhusela kunye namaqela akhethekileyo. Ukuqhagamshelana ngengozi kunye nesigcina-ntloko akuqhelekanga ukohlwaywa. 

Akukho mdlali uvumelekileyo imaski yobuso bamba okanye tsala komnye umdlali.

Isohlwayo sidlulela ekubambeni ezinye iindawo zesigcina-ntloko, kuquka iirim, imingxunya yeendlebe kunye nokukhuselwa. 

Esona sizathu siphambili salo mgaqo kwakhona ukhuseleko lomdlali.

Kuyingozi kakhulu kwaye kunokubangela ukulimala entanyeni nasentloko, njengoko isigcina-ntloko sinokutsalwa kwelinye icala ukuya kwicala apho umzimba uhamba khona.

Kuhlala kushiyeka kwingqiqo kanompempe ukuba umfowunelwa unenjongo okanye unzulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba aqinisekise isohlwayo semaski.

Kwibhola ekhatywayo yamabanga aphakamileyo, umdlali unokufumana isohlwayo semaski ngokuchukumisa isigcina-ntloko somnye umdlali.

Lo mthetho ujonge ukukhusela abadlali abancinci.

Kwibhola ekhatywayo yekholeji, nangona kunjalo, i-NCAA ilandela imigaqo efanayo kwi-NFL, apho ukubamba kunye nokuxhaphaza isigcina-ntloko kubangela isohlwayo.

Ngokutsho kwe-NFL rulebook, izohlwayo ze-facemask zikhokelela kwisohlwayo seeyadi ezili-15.

Ukuba iqela elihlaselayo lenza isohlwayo, oko kunokubangela ilahleko okanye ezantsi.

Ukuba umkhuseli wenza ityala, iqela elihlaselayo linokufumana i-automatic first down.

Masithi oonompempe bafumanisa ukuba isohlwayo siqatha, ngoko ke isohlwayo siqatha.

Umzekelo, umdlali owonileyo ukrazula isigcina-ntloko somnye umdlali okanye asebenzise ukubamba kwakhe isigqubuthelo sobuso ukuphosa omnye umdlali phantsi.

Xa kunjalo, umdlali unokunqunyanyiswa ngenxa yokuziphatha okungathandekiyo kwezemidlalo.

Amagama ebhola ekhatywayo yaseMelika kunye neenkcazo

Ukuqonda kakuhle kwaye ufumane okuninzi kwibhola ekhatywayo yaseMelika, kufuneka uziqhelanise namagama aphambili kunye neenkcazo.

Olu luhlu lulandelayo lukunika isishwankathelo samagama asisiseko ebhola ekhatywayo yaseMelika ekufuneka uyazi:

• indawo engasemva: Iqela labadlali abakhubekisayo - abadlali ababalekayo kunye nekota-abangena ngasemva komgca wokukrala.
• phantsi: Isenzo esiqala xa ibhola idlalwa kwaye iphele xa ibhola kuthiwe 'ifile' (ithetha ukuthi umdlalo ugqityiwe). Ulwaphulo-mthetho lufumana ii-downs ezine ukufumana ibhola kwiiyadi ezili-10 ukuya phambili. Ukuba ayiphumelelanga loo nto, ibhola kufuneka inikezelwe kumchasi, idla ngokuba 'ngenqaku' kwindawo yesine ezantsi.
• qhuba: Uluhlu lwemidlalo xa isenzo esigwenxa sinebhola, de ifumane amanqaku okanye iye 'amanqaku' lize elinye iqela libe nolawulo lwebhola.
• indawo yokuphela: Indawo eyimitha ezili-10 ubude kwisiphelo ngasinye sebala. Ufumana inqaku lokucofa xa ungena kwindawo yokugqibela ngebhola. Ukuba uwisiwe kwindawo yakho yokugqibela ngelixa uphethe ibhola, elinye iqela lifumana ukhuseleko (elixabisa amanqaku ama-2).
• Ukubamba kakuhle: Xa umbuyisi wepunt ejiwuzisa ingalo yakhe eyoluliweyo phezu kwentloko yakhe. Emva komqondiso wokubambisa ngokufanelekileyo, umdlali akanakubaleka nebhola, kananjalo umdlali welinye icala akamelanga ayichukumise.
• Inqaku lentsimi / amanqaku ebala: Ukukhaba, okuxabisa amanqaku amathathu, okunokuthi kuthathwe naphi na ebaleni, kodwa kudla ngokuthathwa kumgama weemitha ezingama-40 zeepali. Njengenqaku elongezelelweyo, ukukhaba kufuneka kudutyulwe ngaphezu kwepali naphakathi kweepali. 
• Phuma: Ukuphulukana nolawulo lwebhola ngelixa ubaleka okanye uwiswa ngayo. Omabini iqela elihlaselayo kunye neqela elikhuselayo linokubuyisela impazamo. Ukuba umkhuseli uzuza ulawulo lwebhola, loo nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-turnover.
• Susa isandla: Isenzo sokugqithisela omnye umdlali ohlaselayo ibhola (odla ngokuba yikota emva). I-Handoffs idla ngokuqhubekayo phakathi kwekota kunye ne-back back.
• Iimpawu zeHash: Imigca embindini webala ebonisa iyadi e-1 ebaleni. Kumdlalo ngamnye, ibhola ibekwe phakathi kwamanqaku e-hash okanye ngaphezulu kwee-hash marks, kuxhomekeke ekubeni umdlali ophethe ibhola ebewiswe phi kumdlalo odlulileyo.
• xukuxa: Xa abadlali beqela abali-11 bedibana ebaleni ukuze baxoxe ngeqhinga. Xa ukhubekile, umdlali wekota ugqithisa imidlalo kwi-huddle.
• Ukungagqitywa: Ipasi eliya phambili eliwela phantsi ngenxa yokuba iqela elihlaselayo alikwazanga ukuyibamba, okanye ipasi eliwisa umdlali okanye elibambise ngaphandle kwebala.
• Ukungenelela: Ipasi elihlaselayo elibanjwe ngumkhuseli, libangele ukuba umhlaseli aphulukane nolawulo lwebhola.
• Khabela ngaphandle: Isohlwayo esingakhatyelwa zipalini esibeka ibhola ekudlaleni. Ukukhatywa kwebhola ekhatywayo kusetyenziswa ekuqaleni kwekota yokuqala neyesithathu nasemva kokuphela kwebala nokukora okuyimpumelelo kwebala.
• Umgca wokukrala: Umgca wentelekelelo owandisa ububanzi bebala apho ibhola ekhatywayo ibekwe khona kumdlalo omtsha ngamnye. Isenzo solwaphulo-mthetho okanye ukhuselo sinokuwela umgca de ibhola ibuyiselwe emdlalweni.
• Isiqhu: Ukukhaba okwenziwa apho umdlali eyiwisa khona ibhola ezandleni zakhe aze ayikhabe kanye phambi kokuba ibhola ibetheke emhlabeni. Inqaku lidla ngokufakwa kwindawo yesine phantsi xa ulwaphulo-mthetho kufuneka luncame ubunini kukhuselo kuba alukwazanga ukuqhubela phambili ngeeyadi ezili-10.
• indawo ebomvu: Indawo engekho semthethweni ukusuka kumgca we-20 ukuya kumgca wokukora welinye iqela. 
• Ukukhaba/ukukhaba imbuyekezo: Isenzo sokufumana ukukhaba okanye inqaku nokubaleka ukuya kumgca wokukora welinye iqela ngenjongo yokufumana amanqaku okanye ukuzuza ubungakanani beeyadi.
• Ukunyuka: Yiqhube ibhola ngokubaleka, hayi ngokudlula. Ukubaleka umva ngamanye amaxesha ukwabizwa ngokuba yirusher.
• Isaka: Xa umkhuseli ewisa ikota emva komgca weskrimmage ebangela ukuba iqela elihlaselayo liphulukane neeyadi.
• Safety: Amanqaku, axabisa amanqaku amabini, afunyanwa ngabadlali bokhuselo ngokuwisa umdlali ohlaselayo ephethe ibhola kwindawo yakhe yokugqibela.
• Sekondari: Abadlali abane abakhuselayo abakhuselayo ngokuchasene nokudlula kwaye bafoliswe ngasemva kwabadlali bomgca kunye nobubanzi kwiikona zebala elijongene nabamkeli bohlaselo.
• snap: Intshukumo apho ibhola 'inqunyulwayo' (phakathi kwemilenze) inqumle embindini ukuya kumqolo wekota - okanye kumphathi kumzamo wokukhaba, okanye kumdlali webhola ekhatywayo. Xa i-snap isenzeka, ibhola iyadlalwa ngokusemthethweni kwaye intshukumo iyaqala.

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Ngaba ungathanda ukufunda ngakumbi? Jonga isithuba sam esibanzi malunga nendlela idrafti ye-NFL esebenza ngayo ngokwenene

UJoost Nusselder, umsunguli woosompempe.eu ngumthengisi wentengiso, utata kwaye uyathanda ukubhala ngazo zonke iintlobo zemidlalo, kwaye naye udlale imidlalo emininzi ngokwakhe ebomini bakhe bonke. Ngoku ukusukela ngo-2016, yena neqela lakhe bebesenza amanqaku ebhlogi aluncedo ukunceda abafundi abathembekileyo ngemidlalo yabo.