Ndiri nemufaro mukuru kuti ndinyore izvi zvinyorwa zvevaverengi vangu, imi. Ini handigamuchire mubhadharo wekunyora wongororo, maonero angu pazvigadzirwa ndeangu, asi kana iwe ukaona zvandinokurudzira zvichibatsira uye unozopedzisira watenga chimwe chinhu kuburikidza nechimwe chezvibatanidzo ini chinga gashira komisheni pane izvo. Mamwe mashoko
Kuchengetedza kurongeka uye kuona kuti mitemo inotevedzwa, American football masangano, semimwe mitambo, 'vakuru' vakasiyana-siyana - kana vatsigiri- vanomhanya mutambo.
Ava ma umpires vane mabasa chaiwo, zvinzvimbo uye mabasa anovagonesa kuridza muridzo machisi nemazvo uye nguva dzose.
Zvichienderana nedanho rinotambwa nhabvu, pane ma umpires matatu kusvika kunomwe panhandare panguva yemutambo wenhabvu wekuAmerica. Zvinzvimbo zvinomwe, pamwe neveketani vashandi, chimwe nechimwe chine mabasa avo uye mabasa.
Muchinyorwa chino unogona kuverenga zvakawanda nezve nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepembe munhabvu yeAmerica, kwavanosimuka, zvavanotsvaga uye zvavanoita mumutambo wega wega kuti chiitiko chienderere mberi.
Verenga zvakare izvo zvinzvimbo zvese zvevatambi munhabvu yeAmerica zviri uye zvinoreva
Zvatinokurukura mune ino yakazara posvo:
MaUmpires manomwe muNFL Nhabvu
Mutambi ndiye ane basa rekuchengetedza mitemo uye kurongeka kwemutambo.
Vatambi vepembe vanopfeka hembe nhema nemichena, bhurugwa dema nebhandi dema neshangu nhema. Vane chivharo zvakare.
Wese mupire munhabvu yeAmerica ane zita rinobva pachinzvimbo chavo.
Nzvimbo dzinotevera dzereferenzi dzinogona kusiyaniswa muNFL:
- Referee/Mutongi mukuru (Mutambi, R)
- Chief lineman (Musoro Linesman, HL)
- Mutongi wemutsara (Mutongi wemutsara, L.J.)
- mutongi (umpire, iwe)
- kumashure kwereferee (Kumashure Mutongi,B)
- side referee (Side Judge, S)
- Field Referee (Mutongi Womumunda, F)
Nekuda kwekuti 'referee' ndiye anoona nezvekutarisa kwemutambo, chinzvimbo ichi chinombonziwo 'mutambi mukuru' kumusiyanisa kubva kune vamwe vatambi.
Iwo mareferee masisitimu akasiyana
Saka iyo NFL inonyanya kushandisa hurongwa hunomwe hwehurumende.
Nhabvu yeArena, nhabvu yechikoro chepamusoro uye mamwe mazinga enhabvu, kune rumwe rutivi, ane masisitimu akasiyana uye huwandu hwema umpires hunosiyana nekupatsanura.
Munhabvu yekoreji, sezvakangoita muNFL, kune vatungamiriri vanomwe panhandare.
Munhabvu yechikoro chesekondari kunowanzo kuve nevakuru vakuru vashanu, nepo maligi evechidiki achiwanzoshandisa vakuru vatatu pamutambo wega wega.
In hurongwa hutatu hwehurumende pane mutongi (referee), mukuru wemutsetse uye mutongi wemutsetse anoshanda, kana mune dzimwe nguva mutambi, mupire uye mutsetse wemusoro. Iyi sisitimu yakajairika mujunior high uye vechidiki nhabvu.
At mana-official system Kushandiswa kunoitwa mutambi (mutambi), mutambi, mukuru wemitsetse uye mutongi wemutsara. Inonyanya kushandiswa pamatanho akaderera.
yksi shanu-yepamutemo system inoshandiswa munhandare yenhabvu, yakawanda yechikoro chesekondari varsity nhabvu uye yakawanda semi-pro mitambo. Inowedzera mutongi wemashure kune mana-official system.
yksi matanhatu-yepamutemo hurongwa inoshandisa nomwe-yehurumende system, kubvisa wemushure wekumashure. Iyi sisitimu inoshandiswa mune mimwe mitambo yechikoro chesekondari nemitambo midiki yekukoreji.
Zvinzvimbo zvevaridzi zvakatsanangurwa
Zvino iwe unogona kunge urikuda kuziva nezve chairo basa remumwe neumwe anogona mutambi.
Referee (head referee)
Ngatitangei nemutungamiri wevatambi vese, 'mutambi' (mutambi, R).
Referee ndiye ane basa rekutarisisa kwese kwemutambo uye ane simba rekupedzisira pane zvese sarudzo.
Ndosaka chinzvimbo ichi chichinziwo 'head referee'. Mutambi mukuru anotora nzvimbo yake kuseri kwechikwata chinorwisa.
Muridzi wepembe achaverenga nhamba yevatambi vanogumburisa, tarisa quarterback panguva yemitambo yekupasa uye kumhanya kudzoka panguva yekumhanya mitambo, tarisa mutambi nemubati panguva yekutamba mitambo, uye kuita zviziviso panguva yemutambo wezvirango kana kumwe kujekeswa.
Unogona kumuziva nekepisi chena, nekuti vamwe vakuru vakuru vanopfeka kepisi nhema.
Pamusoro pezvo, muzvinapembe uyu anotakurawo mari kuti ikandwe mutambo usati waitwa (uye kana zvichidikanwa, kuti mutambo uwedzere).
Musoro Linesman (head linesman)
Musoro wemutsetse (H kana HL) anomira kune rumwe rutivi rwemutsara wekunyora (kazhinji rutivi rwakatarisana nebhokisi rekudhinda).
Mukuru wemugero ane basa rekutarisa kune offside, kukanganisa uye dzimwe mhosva dzinoitika snap isati yaitika.
Anotonga zviito padivi pake, anotarisa vanogamuchira munharaunda yake, anocherechedza nzvimbo yebhora uye anotungamirira boka remaketani.
Kupindira kunoitika apo, pamberi pechipikiri, mudziviriri anoyambuka zvisiri pamutemo mutsara wekunyora uye kusangana neanopikisa.
Sezvo mutambo uchikura, mukuru wemitsetse ndiye ane basa rekutonga chiitiko padivi pake, kusanganisira kana mutambi abuda pamiganhu.
Pakutanga kwemutambo wepasi, ane basa rekutarisa vanogashira vanokodzera vanomira padhuze nedivi rake kusvika pamayadhi 5-7 kupfuura mutsara wekunyora.
Anotaridza kufambira mberi uye chinzvimbo chebhora uye ari kutungamira timu yeketani (zvimwe pane izvi munguva pfupi) nemabasa avo.
Mukuru wemitsetse anotakurawo simbi yekusungirira iyo inoshandiswa nevashandi veketani kunyatsoisa cheni uye kuve nechokwadi chekuiswa kwebhora kwekutanga pasi.
Mutongi wemutsara (Mutongi wemutsara)
Mutongi Wemutsetse (L kana LJ) anobatsira Mutongi Wemutsetse uye anomira kune rimwe divi reMutongi Wemutsetse.
Mabasa ake akafanana neemukuru wemitsetse.
Mutongi wemutsetse anotarisa zvinokwanisika offsides, kupindira, kutanga kwenhema uye kumwe kutyora pamutsara we scrimmage.
Sezvo mutambo uchikura, ndiye ane mhosva yezviito zviri pedyo nedivi rake, kusanganisira kana mutambi ari kunze kwemitsara yemunda.
Ndiye zvakare ane basa rekuverenga vatambi vanorwisa.
Muchikoro chesekondari (apo ma umpires mana anoshanda) uye mumakundano madiki, mutsetse ndiye muchengeti wenguva wemutambo.
MuNFL, koreji uye mamwe mazinga enhabvu apo nguva yepamutemo inochengetwa panhandare yezvibodzwa, mutsetse anove muchengeti wenguva muchiitiko chisingafungidzirwe chechinhu chakaipa newachi.
umpire
Iyo Umpire (U) inomira kuseri kwemutsara wekudzivirira uye linebackers (kunze kweNFL).
Sezvo mutambi ari panowanikwa chiitiko chekutanga chemutambo, chinzvimbo chake chinoonekwa sechinzvimbo chine ngozi zvakanyanya.
Kuti udzivise kukuvara, NFL umpires vari kudivi rinogumbura rebhora kunze kwekunge bhora riri mukati memutsara wemayadhi mashanu uye mukati memaminitsi maviri ekupedzisira ehafu yekutanga uye maminitsi mashanu ekupedzisira ehafu yechipiri.
Umpire anotarisa kubata kana zvivharo zvisiri pamutemo pakati petambo yekugumburisa netambo yekudzivirira, anoverenga huwandu hwevatambi vanogumburisa, anotarisa midziyo yevatambi, anotarisa quarterback, uye zvakare anotarisisa zvibodzwa uye nguva yekubuda.
Mutambi anotarisa mabhuroko kuburikidza nemutsara wekugumburisa uye kune vanodzivirira vari kuedza kudzivirira mabhuroko aya - vachitarisa kubata kana zvivharo zvisiri pamutemo.
Pamberi pe snap, anoverenga vese vanorwisa vatambi.
Pamusoro pezvo, iye ane basa rekuve pamutemo kwemidziyo yevatambi vese uye anotarisisa iyo quarterback yekupfuura kupfuura mutsara we scrimmage uye anotarisisa zvibodzwa uye nguva.
Vatambi vacho pachavo vari pakati pechiito, uyezve iva neakazara AF giya chipfeko kana kuzvidzivirira
Mutongi Wekumashure (kuseri kwereferee)
Mutongi wekumashure (B kana BJ) anomira pakadzika kuseri kwemutsara wechipiri unodzivirira uri pakati pemunda. Anovhara nzvimbo yemunda pakati pake nemuridzi.
Mutongi wekumashure anotonga chiito chevatambi vari pedyo, vanogamuchira (kunyanya migumo yakaoma) uye vadziviriri vepedyo.
Iye anotonga kupfuura kupindira, zvivharo zvisiri pamutemo uye zvisina kukwana kupasa. Iye ane rekupedzisira rekutaura pamusoro pemutemo wekick isina kugadzirwa kubva mumutsara we scrimmage (kickoffs).
Pamwe chete nemutongi wemunda, anosarudza kana kuedza kwechinangwa chemumunda kuchibudirira uye anoverenga nhamba yevatambi vanodzivirira.
MuNFL, mutongi wekumashure ndiye ane mhosva yekutonga kunonoka kwemutambo kukanganisa (apo anorwisa atadza kutanga mutambo wake unotevera nguva ye40-yechipiri yemutambo isati yapera).
Munhabvu yekoreji, mutongi wemushure ane mutoro wewachi yemutambo, iyo inoshandiswa nemubatsiri pasi pekutungamira kwake.
Muchikoro chesekondari (zvikwata zvevashanu ma umpires), mutambi wekumashure ndiye muchengeti wenguva wemutambo.
Murindi wekumashure ndiyewo murindi wewachi yemutambo mumitambo yechikoro chesekondari uye anoverenga miniti imwe inotenderwa nguva yekubuda (masekonzi makumi matatu chete anotenderwa pakubuda kwechikwata mumitambo yekoreji yeterevhizheni).
Side Judge (side referee)
Mutongi weparutivi (S kana SJ) anoshanda kuseri kwemutsara wedziviriro padivi rakafanana nemukuru wemitsetse, asi kune rimwe divi remupire wemunda (verenga zvakawanda pazasi).
Kufanana nemuridzi wemumunda, anoita sarudzo nezve zviito padyo nedivi rake uye anotonga chiito chepedyo chinomhanya kumashure, vanogamuchira uye vadziviriri.
Iye anotonga kupfuura kupindira, zvivharo zvisiri pamutemo uye zvisina kukwana kupasa. Anoverengawo vatambi vanodzivirira uye anoita semupire wechipiri panguva yekuedza chinangwa chemunda.
Basa rake rakafanana neremutongi wemunda, chete kune rumwe rutivi rwemunda.
Munhabvu yekoreji, mutongi weparutivi ndiye ane mutoro wewachi yemutambo, iyo inoshandiswa nemubatsiri pasi pekutungamira kwake.
Mutongi wemumunda (field umpire)
Pakupedzisira, kune mutongi wemunda (F kana FJ) ari kushanda kuseri kwemutsara wekudzivirira wechipiri, padivi pemutsara wekurudyi.
Anoita sarudzo padhuze nepadivi padivi pemunda uye anotonga zviito zvevanomhanya kumashure, vanogamuchira uye vadziviriri.
Iye anotonga kupfuura kupindira, zvivharo zvisiri pamutemo uye zvisina kukwana kupasa. Anewo mutoro wekuverenga vatambi vanodzivirira.
Pamwe chete nemutongi wekumashure, anotonga kana kuedza kwechinangwa chemunda kuchibudirira.
Iye dzimwe nguva ndiye muchengeti wenguva wepamutemo, achitarisira wachi yemutambo mumakwikwi akati wandei.
Chain Crew (chetani vashandi)
Chikwata chechain hachizi che 'vakuru' kana varidzi, asi zvakadaro chakakosha panguva. Mitambo yenhabvu yeAmerica.
Vashandi vecheni, vanonziwo 'chain crew' kana 'chain gang' muAmerica, ichikwata chinobata zvikwangwani pane imwe yenzira.
Kune matatu ekutanga masaini mapango:
- iyo 'back post' inoratidza kutanga kwekudzika kwezvino
- iyo "yepamberi posvo" inoratidza "mutsara wekuwana" (nzvimbo yemayadhi gumi kubva panoonekwa bhora kwekutanga pasi kwemhosva)
- iyo 'bhokisi' rinoratidza mutsara wekunyora.
Iwo mbiru mbiri dzakanamirwa kuzasi necheni chaiyo yemayadhi gumi kureba, ne'bhokisi' rinoratidza nhamba iri pasi iripo.
Chikwata checheni chinoratidza sarudzo dzevatambi; havaite sarudzo ivo pachavo.
Vatambi vanotarisa kune vashandi veketani kuti vaone mutsara wekunyora, pasi nhamba uye mutsara kuti uwane.
Vakuru vanogona kuvimba nevashandi veketani mushure memutambo apo chigumisiro chinoenderana nechinzvimbo chepakutanga chebhora (munyaya yekudarika kusina kukwana kana chirango, somuenzaniso).
Dzimwe nguva cheni dzinoda kuunzwa mumunda kana kuverenga kwakarurama kuchidiwa kuti zvione kana kudzika kwekutanga kwaitwa.
Verenga zvakare: Zvese iwe zvaunoda kuti uzive kuti uve weHockey muridzi
American football referee accessories
Kuve panhandare uye kuziva mitemo hakuna kukwana. Mareferenzi anofanirwawo kuziva mashandisirwo akasiyana siyana.
Kazhinji, vanoshandisa zvinotevera zvishongedzo kuita basa ravo nemazvo pamunda:
- Muridzo
- Chirango kana mureza
- bhinzi bag
- Chiratidzo chepasi
- Game data kadhi uye penzura
- Stopwatch
- Pet
Ndezvipi chaizvo izvi zvishongedzo uye zvinoshandiswa sei nevatambi?
Muridzo
Muridzo unozivikanwa wevatambi. Wese mupire munhabvu yeAmerica ane mumwe uye anogona kuishandisa kupedzisa mutambo.
Muridzo unoshandiswa kuyeuchidza vatambi kuti bhora 'rafa': kuti mutambo wapera (kana kuti hauna kumbotanga).
'Bhora rakafa' zvinoreva kuti bhora rinoonekwa kwenguva pfupi risingatambwe uye harifanire kuzungunuswa zvachose panguva dzakadaro.
'Bhora rakafa' munhabvu rinoitika kana:
- mutambi amhanya nebhora kunze kwemiganhu
- mushure mekunge bhora radonhera - kungave nemutambi ane mutambi ari kukandwa pasi kana nepasina kukwana achibata pasi.
- bhora risati rabvutwa kuti mutambo unotevera utange
Panguva iyo bhora 'rakafa', zvikwata hazvifanirwe kuedza kuramba zvichitamba nebhora, uye hapafanire kuve neshanduko yekubata.
Bhora muAmerican Football, rinonziwo 'pigskin', rakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro
Chirango kana mureza
Mucherechedzo wechirango unoputirwa nehuremu, sejecha kana bhinzi (kana dzimwe nguva mabhora ebhora, kunyangwe izvi zvave kuodzwa mwoyo kubva pane chiitiko mumutambo weNFL chakaratidza kuti vatambi ivavo vanogona kukuvadza), kuitira kuti mureza ukandwe nechinhambwe uye kururama.
Mucherechedzo wechirango mureza weyero wakajeka unokandwa panhandare kwakananga, kana panzvimbo, kune tsvina.
Pamafaro enzvimbo isina basa, senge faults dzinoitika panguva yekukurumidza kana panguva ye'bhora rakafa', mureza unokandwa wakatwasuka mudenga.
Vatambi vanowanzotakura mureza wechipiri kana kutyorwa kwakawanda kukaitika panguva imwe chete mumutambo.
Vakuru vanoshaya mireza pavanoona kutyorwa kwakawanda vanogona kudonhedza cap kana bhinzi bhegi panzvimbo.
bhinzi bag
Saga rebhinzi rinoshandiswa kutaridza nzvimbo dzakasiyana pamunda, asi harishandiswe kuita hutsvina.
Semuyenzaniso, bhegi rebhinzi rinoshandiswa kutaridza paive nefodya kana kuti panenge pakabatwa mutambi.
Muvara unowanzo chena, bhuruu kana orenji, zvichienderana nemakwikwi, nhanho yekutamba uye mamiriro ekunze.
Kusiyana nemicherechedzo yechirango, mabhegi ebhinzi anogona kukandwa panzvimbo yakatarisana nemutsetse weyadhi uri padyo, kwete kunzvimbo chaiyo yaitikira chiitiko.
Chiratidzo chepasi
Chishandiso ichi chinonyanya kutema muruvara.
Chiratidzo chepasi ibhande rakagadzirwa rakagadzirirwa kuyeuchidza varidzi nezvezvino pasi.
Pane elastic loop yakasungirirwa pairi inoputira zvigunwe.
Kazhinji vakuru vakuru vanoisa loop pachigunwe chavo chemunongedzo kana chiri chekutanga pasi, chigunwe chepakati kana chiri chechipiri pasi, zvichingodaro kusvika wechina pasi.
Panzvimbo pechiratidzo chetsika, vamwe vakuru vanoshandisa mabhendi maviri akakora akasungirirwa pamwechete sechiratidzo chepasi: bhendi rerabha rinoshandiswa sebhandi remaoko uye rimwe rakasungirirwa paminwe.
Vamwe vakuru vakuru, kunyanya ma umpire, vanogona kushandisawo chiratidzo chechipiri kuti vatarise paive pakaiswa bhora pakati pe pre-game hashi mamakisi (kureva ekurudyi mamaki, kuruboshwe, kana pakati pakati pezviviri).
Izvi zvakakosha kana vachinge vachifanira kuisazve bhora mushure mekupasa kusina kukwana kana kutadza.
Game data kadhi uye penzura
Makadhi edhata remutambo anogona kuve bepa rinoraswa kana purasitiki inoshandiswa zvakare.
Mareferenzi anonyora pasi ruzivo rwakakosha rwekutonga pano, seakunda kukanda kwemari kumutambo, nguva dzechikwata, uye kutadza kunoitwa.
Penzura inotakurwa nevatambi ine kepisi yakakosha yakaita sebhora. Chivharo chinodzivirira ref kuti isaiswa nepenzura ichiri muhomwe yake.
Stopwatch
Chimbomira chemutambi chinowanzova wachi yedhijitari.
Mareferenzi anopfeka stopwatch kana ichidiwa pakuita mabasa ekuita nguva.
Izvi zvinosanganisira kucherekedza nguva yekutamba, kucherekedza nguva-yekubuda uye kuchengetedza nguva pakati pezvikamu zvina.
Pet
Vatambi vese vanopfeka kepisi. Musoro wepembe ndiye ega ane cap chena, vamwe vese vanopfeka kepisi nhema.
Kana mutambi asina kutakura bhora akabuda kunze kwemiganhu, sahwira anodonhedza kepisi yake kuratidza nzvimbo yakabuda mutambi.
Chivharo chinoshandiswawo kuratidza mhosva yechipiri apo ref anenge atoshandisa chinhu chakajairika (sezvataurwa pamusoro), asi zvakare kuratidza maitiro asina kufanana neane ref pachake.
Sei vatambi venhabvu vaine nhamba yehembe?
Vatambi vanopfeka manhamba kuti vazvitsaure kubva kune vamwe varidzi.
Nepo izvi zvingaite diki diki nhanho dzekutamba (vazhinji vevatambi vane tsamba kumisana yavo pane nhamba), paNFL uye koreji (yunivhesiti) zvakakosha.
Sezvinongoita vatambi vanofanirwa kuzivikanwa pafirimu remutambo, ndizvo zvinofanira kuitwa nevakuru.
Kana mukuru weligi achitonga, zviri nyore kuziva ma umpires wobva waona kuti ndeupi mutambi ari kuita zvirinani kana kushomeka.
Parizvino, kune vangangoita 115 vakuru muNFL, uye mumwe muipire ane nhamba. Vatambi venhabvu ndivo musimboti wemutambo uyu.
Vanobatsira kuchengetedza kurongeka mumutambo wakaoma uye wemuviri wekusangana. Pasina ma umpire, mutambo waizova nyonganyonga.
Naizvozvo, remekedza vatongi venzvimbo yako uye usambovatsoropodza nekutuka kwesarudzo isiriyo.
Sei mumwe wevatambi akapfeka kepisi chena?
Sezvatotsanangurwa kare, muzvinapembe akapfeka kepisi chena ndiye mukuru.
Mutambi anopfeka kepisi chena kuti azvitsaure kubva kune vamwe varidzi.
Mune pfungwa yehuerarchical, mutambi ane chivharo chena anogona kuonekwa se "murairidzi mukuru" wevatambi, nemutambi wega wega ari mubatsiri.
Ref uyu achataura nemurairidzi kana pane chiitiko, ane basa rekubvisa vatambi mumutambo uye kuzivisa kana paine penalty.
Uyu mutambi anozomisawo kutamba kana zvichidikanwa kugadzirisa chero nyaya.
Saka gara uchitsvaga muzvinapembe ane cap chena kana pane dambudziko.
