Ndiri nemufaro mukuru kuti ndinyore izvi zvinyorwa zvevaverengi vangu, imi. Ini handigamuchire mubhadharo wekunyora wongororo, maonero angu pazvigadzirwa ndeangu, asi kana iwe ukaona zvandinokurudzira zvichibatsira uye unozopedzisira watenga chimwe chinhu kuburikidza nechimwe chezvibatanidzo ini chinga gashira komisheni pane izvo. Mamwe mashoko
Iwo mutambo unobata mamirioni avanhu pasi rose uye mitemo inogona kunge isinganzwisisike.
Nhabvu mutambo wetimu umo zvikwata zviviri zvevatambi gumi nemumwe vanoedza kunwisa Bal muchinangwa chemuvengi. Mitemo yemutambo yakaoma uye inoteverwa neimwe muridzi wepembe led.
Muchikamu chino ini ndichakuudza zvese nezvenhoroondo, mitemo, nzvimbo dzakasiyana uye kukosha kwedzidzo yemutambo.
Zvatinokurukura mune ino yakazara posvo:
Bhora: mutambo une mukurumbira pasi rose une zvakawanda
Mitemo yemutambo uye chinangwa chenhabvu
Nhabvu mutambo wetimu umo zvikwata zviviri zvevatambi gumi nemumwe zvinotambirana munhandare. Chinangwa chemutambo ndechekupinza bhora muchinangwa chemudzvanyiriri uye kunwisa zvibodzwa zvakawanda kudarika timu inopikisa. Bhora rinogona kungobatwa netsoka, musoro kana chipfuva, kunze kwemubati wepagedhi anogonawo kubata bhora nemaoko mukati menzvimbo yepenalty. Muridzi wepembe ndiye anoona nezvemutambo uye anoona kuti munhu wese atevedzera mitemo yemutambo.
Basa rekushanda kwechikwata uye zvinzvimbo zvega
Nhabvu mutambo wechikwata umo munhu wese anoita basa rakakosha. Chikwata chinofanirwa kushanda pamwe chete kugadzira bhora nekugadzira mikana, nepo zvichikoshawo kudzivirira zvinangwa kubva kune vanopikisa. Chikwata ichi chakakamurwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana sevanorwisa, vatambi vepakati, vanodzivirira uye mubati wepagedhi. Chinzvimbo chega chega chine basa rayo rechikwata uye nzvimbo yekutamba iyo inofanirwa kuzadzwa mune kongiri.
Tsika yenhabvu
Nhabvu mutambo wakaoma umo zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoita basa. Hazvisi zvekugohwesa zvibodzwa chete, asiwo nezvekuita nhabvu zviito zvakaita sekuvaka, kudhirika, musoro, kuisa kumanikidza, kutsvedza nekuchinja. Zvakakosha kutorazve bhora nekukasira uye kutambisa bhora mberi nekukasira.
Kukosha kwedzidzo yenhabvu
Bhora haisi mutambo chete, asiwo basa rekudzidzisa. Inodzidzisa vatambi kushanda pamwe chete, kubata nekukunda nekukundwa uye kuremekedza muridzi wepembe neanopikisa. Makirabhu enhabvu kazhinji ane hurongwa hwevechidiki hunonangana nekukudziridza hunyanzvi hwevatambi vega uye kugadzira mweya wechikwata.
Iyo encyclopedia yenhabvu
Nhabvu mutambo unotambwa pasi rose nevanhu vanosvika 270 miriyoni. Iwo mutambo unosanganisira zvakawanda kupfuura mutambo wacho. Kune maligi mazhinji, makirabhu nevatambi vese vane nyaya yavo. Kune duramazwi reDutch wiki uye wiktionary umo mazwi ese uye pfungwa dzenhabvu zvinotsanangurwa. Kune mabhuku akawanda nemafirimu anotaura nyaya yenhabvu uye kune vanhu vakawanda varikubatanidzwa mukupepetwa kwekupedzisira kwezvinyorwa zvine chekuita nenhabvu.
Kukosha kwekupokana uye rubatsiro
Arbitration uye rubatsiro zvinhu zvakakosha zvenhabvu. Muridzi wepembe anofanirwa kusarerekera uye nekutevedzera mitemo yemutambo. Vabatsiri vanobatsira muridzi wepembe kuona zviri kuitika munhandare uye vanogona kumutsigira pakuita sarudzo. Izvo zvakakosha kuti kupindirana uye rubatsiro rushande nemazvo kuitira kuti mutambo uve wakanaka.
Kukosha kwekukunda nekukundwa
Nhabvu ndeyekunwisa zvibodzwa uye kuhwina mitambo. Zvakakosha kuedza kuwana purofiti, asi zvakakoshawo kuti udzidze kubata nekurasikirwa. Mutambo wekuti chimwe chikwata chinowana mikana yakawanda kupfuura chimwe, asi pakupedzisira unenge uri pakuti ndiani anonwisa zvibodzwa zvakawanda. Zvakakosha kuramba uchichinja maitiro uye kuchinja nguva dzose kuti ushamise mupikisi.
Kukosha kwemweya wechikwata uye hunyanzvi hwemunhu
Nhabvu mutambo wechikwata umo munhu wese anoita basa rakakosha. Zvakakosha kushanda pamwe chete zvakanaka sechikwata uye kutsigirana. Zvakakoshawo kushanda pahunyanzvi hwevatambi vega ega kuti timu isimbe. Iwo mutambo umo kumhanya, hunyanzvi uye matekiniki zvinouya pamwechete uye mauri zvakakosha kuti urambe uchishanda pakuvandudza sechikwata.
Nhoroondo yenhabvu
Kwakabva nhabvu
Mabviro enhabvu agara achinetsana, asi zvinoita sekunge mutambo uyu wave uchiitwa pasi rose nenzira dzakasiyana kwemazana emakore. Nhabvu yemazuva ano sezvatinoiziva nhasi yakatanga kuEngland muzana remakore rechi19. Muna 1863 Football Association yakatangwa, iyo yakaisa mitemo yemutambo uye yakaronga makwikwi. Makirabhu enhabvu nevatambi venhabvu vakaramba vachiuya nehunyanzvi hutsva uye matambiro ekutamba kuvandudza mutambo.
Kubudirira kwenhabvu muEurope
Nhabvu yakakurumidza kuita mukurumbira muEurope uye kuunzwa kwenhabvu yehunyanzvi kuma20 kwakaita kuti zvikwanisike kutamba nhabvu zvehunyanzvi. MaChirungu akaendesa nhabvu kune dzimwe nyika uye yakakurumidza kuve mutambo wakakurumbira muEurope. Netherlands ine kirabhu yenhabvu yekare kudarika pasi rose, UD kubva kuDeventer, ichiteverwa neHFC yekuHaarlem. Nguva nenguva vatambi venhabvu vakauya nehunyanzvi hutsva uye matambiro ekutamba kuvandudza mutambo.
Kusimukira kwenhabvu pasi rose
Mumakore ekuma30, nhabvu yaiwedzera kutambwa pasi rose uye makwikwi epasi rose akatanga. Denmark yakanga isingakundwe uye Uruguay yakave shasha yekutanga yenyika muna 1930. Muma50, timu yeAustria yakanga yakasimba, kunyange zvazvo isina kuhwina zita renyika. Mumakore ekuma50 nema60, Hungary yakanga iri timu yakasimba zvikurusa munyika yose, maererano nevamwe, isina kumbova nani. Vatambi venhabvu vane mukurumbira Kocsis naCzibor vaive chikamu chechikwata ichi. Ngano yacho yakaguma nekumukirana kwakaitika muHungary muna 1956.
Nhabvu yemazuva ano
Nhabvu yemazuva ano yakafanana nenhabvu yekare munzira dzakawanda, asi shanduko zhinji dzakaitwawo. Semuenzaniso, mitemo yemutambo yakagadziridzwa uye mutambo wave uchikurumidza uye wakawedzera muviri. Nhabvu ndiyo ichiri mutambo une mukurumbira pasi rose uye unotambwa nekutariswa nemamiriyoni evanhu.
Nhandare yenhabvu: nhandare yemutambo uyu wakakurumbira webhora
General overview yemunda
Nhandare yenhabvu inzvimbo ine rectangular panotambirwa mutambo. Munda wakakamurwa kuita zvidimbu zviviri nemutsara wepakati uye wakakomberedzwa nemitsara yekumativi. Munda unozopatsanurwazve nemitsetse inoratidza miganhu yenzvimbo yekutamba. Mutsetse wechinangwa mutsetse uri pakati pezvibodzwa zviviri uye mitsetse yekumashure iri kumagumo epitch. Munda une saizi ingangoita 100 metres kureba uye 50 metres yakafara kune vanhu vakuru.
Nzvimbo yezvinangwa
Kune nzvimbo yechinangwa kumigumo yese yemunda. Nzvimbo yechinangwa inotarwa nemutsara une rectangular uye inosungwa nemutsara wechinangwa uye mitsetse miviri inoenda kunze uye inogumira mumakona mapoinzi. Nharaunda inotarirwa inosvika 16,5 metres yakafara uye 40,3 metres kureba. Mukati menzvimbo yechinangwa mune chinangwa, icho chine matanda maviri uye crossbar. Chinangwa chacho chakafara mamita 7,32 uye kukwirira kwemamita 2,44.
Zvirango uye nzvimbo dzechirango
Nzvimbo yechirango inzvimbo ine rectangular iri kumucheto kwepitch, mukati menzvimbo yechinangwa. Nzvimbo yechirango ndeye 16,5 metres yakafara uye 40,3 metres kureba. Nzvimbo yechirango iri pakati penzvimbo yechirango uye ndipo panotorwa zvirango.
Denderedzwa repakati nekutanga
Pakati pemunda pane denderedzwa repakati, panotangira mutambo. Denderedzwa repakati rine dhayamita 9,15 metres. Iyo kick-off inotorwa kubva panzvimbo yepakati, iyo iri pakati pepakati denderedzwa.
Mimwe mitsetse nenzvimbo
Mukuwedzera kune mitsara uye nzvimbo dzataurwa pamusoro apa, kune mamwe mitsara uye nzvimbo panhandare yebhola. Semuyenzaniso, kune nzvimbo yekukanda kona kumagumo ese emunda, iyo inotaridzwa nekota denderedzwa. Kona kick inotorwa kubva kumakona enzvimbo iyi. Kumucheto kwekunze kwenzvimbo yechirango ndiyo nzvimbo yechirango, kubva painotorwa chirango. Nzvimbo iri pakati penzvimbo yechirango nemutsetse wepakati inonzi midfield.
Basa remubati
Chikwata chimwe nechimwe chine muchengeti wepagedhi, anodzivirira chinzvimbo chechinangwa. Muridzi wepagedhi anogona kungobata bhora nemaoko nemaoko mukati menzvimbo yechinangwa. Kunze kwenzvimbo yechinangwa, muchengeti wepagedhi anogona kubata bhora nechero chikamu chemuviri wake, kunze kwemaoko nemaoko. Muridzi wepagedhi anorwiswa nevanopikisa, avo vanoedza kupfura bhora mugomba.
Vatambi uye mitsetse munhabvu
Vatambi
Nhabvu ine zvikwata zviviri zvevatambi gumi nemumwe chete, mumwe wacho ari mubati wepagedhi. Chikwata chega chega chine vatambi vakati wandei pachinzvimbo chega chega panhandare, vakaita sevadziviriri, vatambi vepakati nevemberi. Vatambi vanogona kutsiviwa panguva yemutambo, semuenzaniso nekuda kwekukuvara kana kutamba kwakashata.
Setups
Mutsara wechikwata unotemwa nemurairidzi, uyo anopa nhungamiro kuvatambi nezvemabasa avo nezvinzvimbo munhandare. Maumbirwo akasiyana anogoneka, senge 4-4-2, 4-3-3 uye 3-5-2, nehuwandu hwevadziviriri, vepakati uye kumberi kwakasiyana.
Nhasi, mutsara unowanzo kuziviswa nemagetsi, nemazita evatambi anoratidzwa pahwindo. Izvi zvinopa mutambi uye linesmen pfungwa yemutsara-up uye kuti ndevapi vatambi vari kunhandare.
mabhiri
Chikwata chega-chega chine chiverengero chakati chevatsivi, chinoverengeka chinogona kushandiswa panguva yemutambo. Kutsiva kunogona kuitwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvine hungwaru, semuenzaniso kutsiva mutambi asiri kutamba zvakanaka, kana nekuda kwekukuvara.
Murairidzi anosarudza kuti ndeupi mutambi anotsiviwa uye ndiani anopinda. Izvi zvinogona kufanotemerwa, asi zvakare zvinogona kusarudzwa panguva yemutambo. Muchiitiko chekutsiva, mutambi anofanira kubva munhandare uye anogona kusadzoka mumutambo mumwe chete.
Setups yekubudirira
Kubva pakatanga nhabvu, mubvunzo wenzira yakanaka yekumisa timu wakapindurwa nenzira dzakasiyana. Hélenio Herrera, semuenzaniso, akagadzira chimiro chekutamba checatenaccio, icho chakaita kuti Internazionale ive yakafanotungamira yekuItaly yeEFA Champions League. Rinus Michels akava mhare katatu mumutsara neAjax kuburikidza nemutambo wake wose webhola uye maumbirwo.
Nhasi, kune nyaya dzakawanda dzemaitiro akabudirira uye varairidzi vakatungamira timu yavo kumusoro. Asi pakupedzisira murairidzi ndiye anosarudza kuti ndeupi mutsara unonyatsoenderana nechikwata chake uye kuti vatambi vanofanira kugovewa sei munhandare. Zvakakosha kuti mitemo yemutambo ishandiswe nemazvo uye kutyora kunorangwa kuitira kuti mutambo uve wakarurama.
Midziyo yenhabvu: vatambi vanopfekei munhandare?
General
Nhabvu mutambo uyo vatambi vanopfeka mbatya dzakafanana, kazhinji dzine mavara echikwata chavo. Izwi rekuti 'equipment' rinoturikirwa kuti 'attire' kana 'equipment' ku English . Mitemo yeFootball Association (FIFA) inoisa mwero wemidziyo yevatambi venhabvu. Iyi mitemo inotsanangura zvishoma uye inorambidza kushandiswa kwemidziyo ine ngozi.
Midziyo yenhabvu yevatambi
Midziyo yenhabvu ine masokisi, bhutsu dzenhabvu uye ma shin guards. Munguva yechando, vamwe vatambi vanopfeka leotards refu uye magirovhosi. Sezvauri kuona munhoroondo yenhabvu, inonyanya kutambwa nevarume, asi vakadzi vanoshandisawo midziyo yakafanana.
Professional nhabvu makirabhu
Makirabhu enhabvu ehunyanzvi ane zvipfeko zvevatambi vavo, zvinosanganisira polo shirts, zvinodziya muviri uye mabhachi. Muridzi wepembe nevatongi vanopfeka midziyo yakasiyana. Muridzi wepagedhi anopfeka kit yakasiyana uye kaputeni anopfeka bhande rehuputeni. Kana pakaita rufu munyika yenhabvu, bhendi rekuchema rinopfekwa panguva yemutambo.
Mitambo yenhabvu inotonga
Vatambi venhabvu vanofanirwa kufamba vakasununguka mumidziyo yavo. Mbatya dzinofanirwa kunge dzakafara zvakakwana kumunhu wese kunze kwenhengo dzechikwata dzinova mubati wepagedhi, kaputeni kana mugadziri wemitsara. Vanosungirwa kupfeka michina yakasiyana. Vatambi havabvumidzwe kupa kana kuchinjana mari yemidziyo yavo.
Football kit
Chikwata chenhabvu chechikwata chepamba chine shati ine mavara ekirabhu, bhutsu dzenhabvu uye bhutsu dzenhabvu. Mavara echikwata chiri kunze anofanira kunge akasiyana neaya echikwata chekumba. Kana mavara etimu iri kure akanyanyofanana neaya echikwata chekumba, timu iri kure inofanira kuchinja ruvara. Muridzi wepagedhi anopfeka rumwe ruvara kuti asiyane nevamwe vatambi.
Mitemo yenhabvu
Mitemo Yepamutemo
Nhabvu mutambo unotambwa zvichienderana nemitemo yeFIFA, sangano renhabvu repasi rose. Mitemo iyi inonziwo 'Mitemo yeMutambo' uye inorongwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekutamba kwakafanana.
Nhamba yevatambi uye mutsetse-up
Chikwata chenhabvu chine vatambi vanodarika gumi nemumwe chete, mumwe wavo ari mubati wepagedhi. Huwandu hwevatambi hunogona kuenderana neligi kana makwikwi ari kutambwa. Nzvimbo yevatambi panhandare haina kugadziriswa, asi pane dzimwe nzvimbo dzinogaropihwa vatambi.
Munda
Nhandare yenhabvu ine saizi yakajairwa uye ine rectangular muchimiro. Huyero hwemunda hunogona kusiyana zvichienderana neligi kana makwikwi arikutambirwa. Munda wakakamurwa kuita mahafu maviri uye kune mitsetse yakati wandei uye micherechedzo inoratidza nzvimbo dzakasiyana.
Bal
Bhora rinotambwa naro rakaita denderedzwa uye rine imwe denderedzwa nekukura. FIFA ine mitemo yakananga yekukura nekurema kwebhora, uye kune zvakare mitemo yemhando yebhora rinoshandiswa panguva yemitambo.
Chinangwa
Chinangwa chemutambo kukanda bhora muchinangwa cheanopikisa kuti anwise chinangwa. Kana bhora rikayambuka zvachose mutsetse wechinangwa pakati pezvibodzwa uye pasi pemuchinjiko, chinangwa chinopihwa.
Offside
Offside mutemo unotara kana mutambi ari offside. Mutambi anenge ari offside kana ari padyo nemutsetse wevadzivisi kupfuura bhora uye mutambi wepeni yekupedzisira paanotambidzwa bhora kwaari.
Fouls uye kutyorwa
Munhabvu mune mhando dzakasiyana dzefoults dzakaita sekutangisa mhandu, kukava mhandu kana kubata muvengi. Kana mutambi akaita mhosva, muridzi wepembe anogona kupa chikwata chemahara kana penalty. Kana paine hunhu hwehutsinye kana husina hunhu hwemutambo, muridzi wepembe anogona kupa mutambi kadhi yeyero kana dzvuku.
Mitemo yevatambi
Mitemo yevatambi yakati siyanei pane yevamwe vatambi. Semuenzaniso, varidzi vepagedhi vanogona kubata bhora nemaoko avo mukati menzvimbo yavo yechirango, asi kwete kunze kwayo. Ivowo havabvumidzwe kubata bhora kwemasekonzi anodarika matanhatu uye havabvumidzwe kutora bhora kana rikatambidzwa netsoka dzavo nemumwe wevatambi.
Makwikwi nemitemo
MuNetherlands, makwikwi akarongwa neKNVB uye kune mazinga akasiyana emakwikwi, akadai seEredivisie uye Champions League. Ligi yega yega ine mitemo nemirau yayo, senge diki diki yenhandare yekutamba uye huwandu hwemakona mamureza anofanirwa kuiswa. Mumakwikwi makuru, akadai seWorld Cup, bhora rinokosha rekupedzisira rinowanzoshandiswa rinoenderana nemitemo yeFIFA.
Makwikwi
Makwikwi chimiro
Nhabvu mutambo unotambwa pasi rose uye une makwikwi akasiyana siyana. MuNetherlands, chimiro cheligi chine Eredivisie, pazasi iyo Eerste Divisie (yechipiri chikamu), Tweede Divisie (yechitatu chikamu) uye pazasi iyo zvakare Derde Divisie uye Hoofdklasse. Mutambo wemakwikwi wakachinja kakawanda kubva pakatanga nhabvu yepamusoro muNetherlands muna1956. Parizvino, makwikwi akaparadzana, asi kuedza kuri kuitwa kubatanidza makwikwi zvakare.
Makwikwi format
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha pakuronga makwikwi ndeyekurwira iyo inonakidza yemakwikwi fomati. Kutanga kwazvose, kurongeka nechengeteko yevoruzhinji zvinorangarirwa, uye ipapo zvishuvo zvamativi ose anobatanidzwa zvinorangarirwa. Zvishuwo izvi zvinotariswa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira muhurongwa hwese.
Rezinesi system
Iyo nyanzvi yekupa rezenisi sisitimu yakakosha zvikuru kuchengetedza makwikwi akachengeteka uye anowanikwa. Iyo sisitimu iri pasi pekuvandudzwa mumusika uye saka inogara ichigadziridzwa. Nyaya dzemarezenisi dzinochengetedzwa zvakanyanya nehushumiri nemasangano kuitira kuti vakwanise kupa mhinduro dzakagadzirirwa.
Makwikwi mwaka
Mwaka wemakwikwi unosiyana padanho nedunhu. MuNetherlands, mwaka unotanga zvine mwero kutenderera Nyamavhuvhu uye unomhanya kusvika Chivabvu. Vatambi vanogara uye vanoshanda muNetherlands, asiwo vanhu vekuBritain vanogara nekushanda muNetherlands, vanogona kutora chikamu mumakwikwi akakodzera zvichienderana nezera ravo uye dunhu.
Cup competition
Pamusoro pemakwikwi enguva dzose, makwikwi emukombe anorongwawo. Makwikwi aya ane chinangwa chekuti veruzhinji vafarire nhabvu isina mhirizhonga. Zvinotora kurongeka kwakawanda uye kugadzirisa kuti uone makwikwi aya.
Kubatanidzwa kwekutengeserana
Kubatanidzwa kwekutengeserana kwakakosha zvikuru pakuronga makwikwi. Kukurukurirana kwakasimba kunochengetwa nemapato akasiyana-siyana kuitira kuvandudza uye kuenderera mberi nekuvandudza chimiro chemakwikwi.
Mhedziso
Bhora chimwe bhora mutambo iyo yave ichiitwa kwemazana emakore uye yakapukunyuka tsika dzakawanda. Mutambo unonetsa une zvinhu zvakawanda.
Ndinovimba iwe ikozvino wava nezano riri nani remutambo uyu uye maitiro ekutamba nawo.
