Ndizosangalatsa kuti ndikulemba izi kwa owerenga anga, inunso. Sindimalola kubweza chifukwa cholemba ndemanga, malingaliro anga pazogulitsazo ndi anga, koma mukawona malingaliro anga akuthandizani ndipo mumatha kugula kena kake mwa maulalo omwe nditha kulandira nawo. Zambiri
In Mpira wa ku America Pali osewera 11 ku timu iliyonse pa 'gridiron' (bwalo losewera) nthawi imodzi. Masewerawa amalola chiwerengero chopanda malire cha m'malo, ndipo pali maudindo angapo pamunda. Udindo wa osewera zimadalira ngati timu imasewera poukira kapena pachitetezo.
Gulu la mpira waku America lagawika m'magulu olakwa, oteteza komanso magulu apadera. M'maguluwa muli malo osewera osiyanasiyana omwe ayenera kudzazidwa, monga kotala kotala, mlonda, ndi mzere wobwerera.
M'nkhaniyi mutha kuwerenga zonse zokhudzana ndi maudindo osiyanasiyana pakuwukira, chitetezo ndi magulu apadera.
Gulu lomwe likuukira limakhala ndi mpira ndipo chitetezo chimayesa kuti wowukirayo asagole.
Mpira wa ku America ndi masewera anzeru komanso anzeru, ndipo kuzindikira maudindo osiyanasiyana pamunda ndikofunikira kuti mumvetsetse masewerawa.
Maudindo osiyanasiyana ndi ati, osewera ali pati ndipo ntchito zawo ndi zotani?
Mukufuna kudziwa zomwe osewera a AF amavala? Apa ndikufotokozerani zida zonse za mpira waku America ndi zovala
Zomwe timakambirana patsamba lino:
Cholakwa ndi chiyani?
'Zolakwa' ndi gulu lomwe likuukira. Chigawo chokhumudwitsa chimakhala ndi quarterback, yokhumudwitsa opanga zovala, misana, zolimba mapeto ndi olandira.
Ndi gulu lomwe likuyamba kukhala ndi mpira kuchokera pamzere wa scrimmage (mzere wongoyerekeza womwe ukuwonetsa pomwe mpirawo ukuyamba poyambira pansi).
Cholinga cha timu yomwe ikuwukirayo ndikupeza mapointi ambiri momwe angathere.
Timu yoyambira
Masewerawa nthawi zambiri amayamba pamene quarterback amalandira mpira kudzera mumsewu (kudutsa mpira kumbuyo kumayambiriro kwa sewero) kuchokera pakati ndikudutsa mpirawo kupita ku.kubwerera mmbuyo', amaponya kwa 'wolandira', kapena kuthamanga ndi mpira nokha.
Cholinga chachikulu ndikupeza ma 'touchdown' (TDs) ambiri momwe mungathere, chifukwa ndi omwe amapeza mapointi ambiri.
Njira ina yoti timu yomwe ikuukira ipeze mapointi ndi kudzera m'munda.
The 'offensive unit'
Mzere wowukirawu uli ndi pakati, alonda awiri, zotchinga ziwiri ndi mbali imodzi kapena ziwiri zothina.
Ntchito ya linemen yonyansa kwambiri ndiyo kulepheretsa ndi kuteteza gulu lotsutsa / chitetezo kuti asagwirizane ndi quarterback (yotchedwa "thumba") kapena kupanga zosatheka kuti aponyedwe mpira.
"Kumbuyo" ndi "kumbuyo" (kapena "tailbacks") omwe nthawi zambiri amanyamula mpira, ndi "msana wathunthu" yemwe nthawi zambiri amatchinga kuti abwerere ndipo nthawi zina amanyamula mpirawo kapena kulandira pass.
Ntchito yaikulu yaolandira ambiri' akugwira ma pass ndikubweretsa mpira momwe angathere, kapena makamaka ngakhale 'kumapeto'.
Oyenera kulandira
Mwa osewera asanu ndi awiri (kapena kupitilira apo) omwe ali pamzere wa scrimmage, okhawo omwe ali kumapeto kwa mzerewo ndi omwe angathamangire kumunda ndikulandila chiphaso (awa ndi olandila 'oyenerera') ..
Ngati timu ili ndi osewera osakwana asanu ndi awiri pamzere wa crimmage, izi zipereka chilango (chifukwa cha 'mapangidwe oletsedwa').
Kapangidwe ka kuukirako ndi momwe kumagwirira ntchito ndendende kumatsimikiziridwa ndi nzeru zokhumudwitsa za mphunzitsi wamkulu kapena 'wotsogolera wokhumudwitsa'.
Maudindo okhumudwitsa adafotokoza
Mu gawo lotsatira, ine tikambirana malo okhumudwitsa mmodzimmodzi.
Quarterback
Kaya mukuvomereza kapena ayi, quarterback ndiye wosewera wofunikira kwambiri pamasewera a mpira.
Iye ndiye mtsogoleri wa timu, amasankha masewero ndikuyambitsa masewerawo.
Ntchito yake ndi kutsogolera kuukira, kupereka njira kwa osewera ena ndi kuponya mpira, perekani kwa wosewera mpira wina, kapena kuthamanga ndi mpira nokha.
Quarterback ayenera kuponya mpira mwamphamvu komanso molondola. Ayenera kudziwa komwe wosewera aliyense azikhala pamasewerawo.
Quarterback amadziyika yekha kumbuyo kwapakati pakupanga 'pansi pakatikati', pomwe amaima kumbuyo kwapakati ndikutenga mpira, kapena patali pang'ono ndi 'shotgun' kapena 'pistol formation', pomwe pakati amagunda mpira. 'anafika' kwa iye.
Chitsanzo cha quarterback wotchuka ndi, ndithudi, Tom Brady, amene mwina mudamvapo.
Center
Pakatikati nayenso ali ndi gawo lofunikira, chifukwa ayenera choyamba kuwonetsetsa kuti mpira umatha bwino m'manja mwa quarterback.
Pakatikati, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ndi gawo la mzere wotsutsa ndipo ntchito yake ndikuletsa otsutsa.
Komanso ndi wosewera mpira amene amabweretsa mpirawo mwa 'snap' kwa quarterback.
Pakatikati, pamodzi ndi mzere wonse wotsutsa, akufuna kuletsa wotsutsayo kuti asayandikire kumbuyo kwawo kuti agwire kapena kuletsa kudutsa.
alonda
Pali alonda awiri (otsutsa) mu gulu lomwe likuukira. Alonda ali molunjika mbali zonse zapakati ndi zomangira ziwiri mbali inayo.
Monga pakatikati, alonda ali a 'otsutsa oyendetsa' ndipo ntchito yawo ndikutseka ndi kupanga zibowo (mabowo) a misana yawo.
Ma Guards amangotengedwa ngati olandila 'osayenera' kutanthauza kuti saloledwa kuponya dala kutsogolo pokhapokha ngati akonza 'fumble' kapena mpirawo ukagundidwa ndi woteteza kapena wolandila 'wololedwa' .
Kuphonya kumachitika pamene wosewera mpirayo wataya mpirawo usanagonjetsedwe, kugoletsa, kapena kutuluka kunja kwa mizere ya bwalo.
Kuchita zonyansa
Zolimbana nazo zimasewera mbali zonse za alonda.
Kwa quarterback yakumanja, kumanzere kumayang'anira kuteteza khungu, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala yofulumira kuposa ena ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti ayimitse mbali zodzitchinjiriza.
Kulimbananso ndi gawo la 'offensive linemen' ndipo ntchito yawo ndikutchinga.
Dera lochokera kumtunda wina kupita ku lina limatchedwa malo a 'sewero lapafupi' momwe midadada ina kumbuyo, yomwe ili yoletsedwa kwinakwake pamunda, imaloledwa.
Pamene pali mzere wosagwirizana (pomwe palibe chiwerengero chofanana cha osewera omwe ali kumbali zonse zapakati), alonda kapena omenyana nawo akhoza kutsatiridwa pafupi ndi mzake.
Monga tafotokozera m'gawo la alonda, oyendetsa mpira saloledwa kugwira kapena kuthamanga ndi mpira nthawi zambiri.
Pokhapokha ngati pali fumble kapena ngati mpira udagundidwa ndi wolandila kapena wosewera wodzitchinjiriza atha kugwira mpirawo.
Nthawi zina, oyendetsa ndege amatha kugwira mwalamulo ma pass achindunji; atha kuchita izi polembetsa ngati wolandila wovomerezeka ndi wosewera mpira (kapena woyimbira) masewera asanachitike.
Kukhudza kwina kulikonse kapena kugwira mpira kwa woyendetsa mpirawo adzalandira chilango.
Kutsiriza
De kutha kumapeto ndi wosakanizidwa pakati pa wolandira ndi woyendetsa wonyansa.
Nthawi zambiri wosewera uyu amaima pafupi ndi LT (kumanzere) kapena RT (kumanja kumanja) kapena akhoza "kupumula" pamzere wa scrimmage ngati wolandira kwambiri.
Ntchito zolimba zimaphatikizanso kutsekereza kwa quarterback ndi kuthamanga kumbuyo, koma amathanso kuthamanga ndikugwira ma pass.
Mapeto olimba amatha kugwira ngati wolandila, koma khalani ndi mphamvu ndi kaimidwe kolamulira pamzere.
Malekezero olimba ndi ang'onoang'ono mumtali kuposa osewera okhumudwitsa koma amtali kuposa osewera ena azikhalidwe.
Wopeza wamkulu
Wide receivers (WR) amadziwika bwino kwambiri ngati otchera ma pass, kapena otchera mpira. Iwo amafola kunja kwa munda, kaya kumanzere kapena kumanja.
Ntchito yawo ndikuyendetsa 'njira' kuti apulumuke, kulandira pass kuchokera ku QB ndikuthamanga ndi mpira mpaka kumunda momwe angathere.
Pankhani ya sewero lothamanga (komwe kuthamanga kumbuyo kumathamanga ndi mpira), nthawi zambiri ndi ntchito ya olandira kutsekereza.
Maluso a olandila ambiri amakhala ndi liwiro komanso kulumikizana mwamphamvu ndi maso.
De magolovesi olandirira kumanja thandizani osewera amtunduwu kuti agwire mokwanira mpira ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri pankhani yopanga masewero akuluakulu.
Magulu amagwiritsa ntchito zilolezo ziwiri kapena zinayi pamasewera aliwonse. Pamodzi ndi kumbuyo kodzitchinjiriza, olandila ambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala anyamata othamanga kwambiri pamunda.
Ayenera kukhala othamanga komanso othamanga kuti agwedeze osewera omwe akuyesera kuwaphimba ndikutha kugwira mpira modalirika.
Ena olandila ambiri amathanso kukhala ngati 'point' kapena 'kick returner' (mutha kuwerenga zambiri za malowa pansipa).
Pali mitundu iwiri yolandila (WR): wideout ndi slot receiver. Cholinga chachikulu cha onse omwe alandila ndikugwira mipira (ndi kugoletsa ma touchdowns).
Amatha kukhala osiyana mu msinkhu, koma kawirikawiri onse amathamanga.
Wolandila kagawo nthawi zambiri amakhala WR yaying'ono, yachangu yomwe imatha kugwira bwino. Amayikidwa pakati pa wideouts ndi mzere wokhumudwitsa kapena kumapeto kolimba.
Kuthamangira mmbuyo
Amatchedwanso 'halfback'. Wosewera uyu akhoza kuchita zonse. Amadziyika yekha kumbuyo kapena pafupi ndi quarterback.
Amathamanga, kugwira, kutchinga ndipo amaponya mpira nthawi ndi nthawi. Wothamanga (RB) nthawi zambiri amakhala wothamanga kwambiri ndipo saopa kukhudzana ndi thupi.
Nthawi zambiri, wothamanga amalandira mpira kuchokera ku QB, ndipo ndi ntchito yake kuthamanga mpaka kumunda momwe angathere.
Amathanso kugwira mpira ngati WR, koma ndiye chinthu chake chachiwiri.
Kuthamanga kumbuyo kumabwera mu 'mawonekedwe ndi makulidwe' onse. Pali misana ikuluikulu, yolimba, kapena yaing'ono, yothamanga kwambiri.
Pakhoza kukhala ziro mpaka ma RB atatu pabwalo pamasewera aliwonse, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala amodzi kapena awiri.
Kawirikawiri, pali mitundu iwiri yothamanga; theka kumbuyo, ndi kumbuyo kwathunthu.
theka kumbuyo
The best half backs (HB) ali ndi kuphatikiza mphamvu ndi liwiro, ndipo ndiofunika kwambiri kumagulu awo.
Theka lakumbuyo ndilo mtundu wofala kwambiri wobwerera mmbuyo.
Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuthamanga mpaka pabwalo ndi mpira momwe angathere, koma ayeneranso kukhala wokhoza kugwira mpira ngati kuli kofunikira.
Ena theka kumbuyo ndi ang'onoang'ono komanso othamanga ndipo amazembera adani awo, ena ndi aakulu ndi amphamvu ndipo amathamangira oteteza m'malo mowazungulira.
Chifukwa theka lakumbuyo limakumana ndi kukhudzana kwambiri pamunda, pafupifupi ntchito ya akatswiri theka kumbuyo mwatsoka nthawi zambiri imakhala yayifupi kwambiri.
kumbuyo kwathunthu
Kumbuyo kwathunthu nthawi zambiri kumakhala mtundu wokulirapo komanso wolimba wa RB, ndipo mu mpira wamakono nthawi zambiri amakhala wotsekereza kutsogolera.
Kumbuyo kwathunthu ndi wosewera yemwe ali ndi udindo wokonza njira yothamangira ndi kuteteza quarterback.
Misana yodzaza nthawi zambiri imakhala okwera bwino omwe ali ndi mphamvu zapadera. Wapakati wathunthu kumbuyo ndi wamkulu ndi wamphamvu.
Kumbuyo konse kunali kofunikira kwambiri kunyamula mpira, koma masiku ano theka lakumbuyo limatenga mpira nthawi zambiri ndipo kumbuyo konse kumakonza njira.
Kumbuyo kwathunthu kumatchedwanso 'blocking back'.
Mafomu ena / mawu obwereza
Mawu ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza zobwerera mmbuyo ndi ntchito zawo ndi Tailback, H-Back ndi Wingback/Slotback.
Kubwerera mchira (TB)
Wothamanga mmbuyo, nthawi zambiri wobwerera mmbuyo, yemwe amadziyika yekha kumbuyo kwa 'I mapangidwe' (dzina la mapangidwe enieni) osati pafupi naye.
H-Back
Osati kusokonezedwa ndi theka kumbuyo. A H-kumbuyo ndi wosewera yemwe, mosiyana ndi mapeto olimba, amadziyika yekha kumbuyo kwa mzere wa scrimmage.
Mapeto olimba ali pamzere. Nthawi zambiri, ndi kumbuyo kwathunthu kapena kolimba komwe kumasewera ngati H-back.
Chifukwa wosewerayo amadziyika yekha kumbuyo kwa mzere wa scrimmage, amawerengedwa ngati mmodzi wa 'kumbuyo'. Mwambiri, komabe, udindo wake ndi wofanana ndi wa malekezero ena olimba.
Wingback (WB) / Slotback
Mapiko kapena slotback ndi wothamanga kumbuyo yemwe amadziyika yekha kumbuyo kwa mzere wa scrimmage pafupi ndi tackle kapena mapeto olimba.
Magulu amatha kusiyanasiyana kuchuluka kwa olandila ambiri, malekezero olimba komanso obwerera kumbuyo kumunda. Komabe, pali zoletsa zina pamagulu owukira.
Mwachitsanzo, payenera kukhala osewera osachepera asanu ndi awiri pamzere wa scrimmage, ndipo osewera awiri okha kumapeto kulikonse ndi omwe ali oyenerera kupatsirana.
Nthawi zina oyendetsa mpira amatha 'kulengeza kuti ndi ololedwa' ndipo amaloledwa kugwira mpira ngati zili choncho.
Osati potengera maudindo Mpira waku America umasiyana ndi rugby, werengani zambiri apa
Chitetezo ndi chiyani?
Chitetezo ndi gulu lomwe limasewera pachitetezo ndipo masewera olimbana ndi cholakwacho amayamba kuchokera pamzere wa scrimmage. Timuyi ndiyopanda mpira ayi.
Cholinga cha timu yoteteza ndi kuteteza timu ina (yokhumudwitsa) kuti isagole.
Chitetezo chimakhala ndi mbali zodzitchinjiriza, zotchingira zoteteza, ma linebackers, makona ndi chitetezo.
Cholinga cha timu yodzitchinjiriza chimakwaniritsidwa pomwe gulu lomwe likuukira lidafika pa 4th pansi, ndipo silinathe kugunda kapena mfundo zina.
Mosiyana ndi gulu lomwe likuukira, palibe malo otetezedwa omwe amafotokozedwa. Wosewera wodzitchinjiriza atha kudziyika paliponse kumbali yake ya crimmage ndi kuchitapo kanthu mwalamulo.
Mizere yambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito imaphatikizapo malekezero otetezera ndi zida zodzitchinjiriza pamzere ndipo kumbuyo kwa mzerewu ndi oyendetsa mzere, makona, ndi chitetezo chokhazikika.
Mapeto otetezera ndi kumenyana amatchulidwa pamodzi kuti "mzere wodzitetezera," pamene zotsalira za ngodya ndi zotetezedwa zimatchedwa "sekondale" kapena "zoteteza kumbuyo."
Mapeto achitetezo (DE)
Monga momwe pali mzere wotsutsa, palinso mzere wotetezera.
Mapeto otetezera, pamodzi ndi zomenyana, ndi mbali ya mzere wotetezera. Mzere wodzitchinjiriza ndi mzere woukira umakhala koyambirira kwamasewera aliwonse.
Zodzitchinjiriza ziwirizi zimamaliza sewero lililonse kumapeto kwa mzere woteteza.
Ntchito yawo ndikuukira wodutsa (kawirikawiri quarterback) kapena kuyimitsa kuthamanga kupita kumphepete kwa mzere wa scrimmage (omwe amatchedwa "containment").
Kuthamanga kwa awiriwo nthawi zambiri kumayikidwa kumanja chifukwa ndiko mbali yakhungu ya quarterback yamanja.
Defensive Tackle (DT)
'chitetezo champhamvu' nthawi zina amatchedwa 'defensive guard'.
Zida zodzitchinjiriza zimakhala ndi mzere pakati pa mbali zoteteza.
Ntchito ya DTs ndikuthamangitsa wodutsayo (kuthamangira kotala kumbuyo kuyesa kuyimitsa kapena kumugwira) ndikusiya masewero othamanga.
Kulimbana kodzitchinjiriza komwe kumakhala kutsogolo kwa mpira (ie pafupifupi mphuno ndi mphuno ndi pakati pa cholakwira) nthawi zambiri kumatchedwa "mphuno' kapena 'woteteza mphuno'.
Kulimbana ndi mphuno kumakhala kofala kwambiri mu chitetezo cha 3-4 (3 linemen, 4 linebackers, 4 chitetezo kumbuyo) ndi kotala chitetezo (3 linemen, 1 linebacker, 7 kumbuyo kumbuyo).
Magulu odzitchinjiriza ambiri amakhala ndi chitetezo chimodzi kapena ziwiri. Nthawi zina, koma nthawi zambiri, gulu limakhala ndi zida zitatu zodzitchinjiriza pabwalo.
Linebacker (LB)
Osewera ambiri odzitchinjiriza amakhala pakati pa awiri kapena anayi obwerera kumbuyo.
Linebackers nthawi zambiri amagawidwa mu mitundu itatu: strongside (Kumanzere- kapena Kumanja-Kunja Linebacker: LOLB kapena ROLB); pakati (MLB); ndi weakside (LOLB kapena ROLB).
Osewera kumbuyo amasewera kumbuyo kwa mzere wodzitchinjiriza ndikuchita ntchito zosiyanasiyana kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri, monga kuthamangitsa wodutsa, kuphimba olandila, ndi kuteteza sewero lothamanga.
Wosewera kumbuyo wolimba nthawi zambiri amayang'ana kumapeto kwa wowukirayo.
Nthawi zambiri amakhala LB wamphamvu kwambiri chifukwa amayenera kugwedeza oletsa otsogolera mwachangu kuti athe kuthana ndi kubwerera.
Mzere wapakati ayenera kuzindikira bwino gulu lomwe likuwukiralo ndikuwunika zomwe chitetezo chonse chikuyenera kupanga.
Ndicho chifukwa chake mzere wapakati umatchedwanso "quarterback quarterback."
Wofooka wa linebacker nthawi zambiri amakhala wothamanga kwambiri kapena wothamanga kwambiri chifukwa nthawi zambiri amayenera kuteteza malo otseguka.
Pakona Kumbuyo (CB)
Makona amatha kukhala aafupi mwa msinkhu, koma amawapanga ndi liwiro lawo ndi luso lawo.
Makona (omwe amatchedwanso 'makona') ndi osewera omwe amaphimba olandila ambiri.
Ma Cornerbacks amayesanso kuletsa kudutsa kwa quarterback mwina kumenya mpira kutali ndi wolandila kapena kugwira okha (kudutsa).
Iwo makamaka ali ndi udindo wosokoneza ndi kuteteza masewero odutsa (motero amalepheretsa quarterback kuponyera mpira kwa mmodzi wa omwe amamulandira) kusiyana ndi masewero othamanga (kumene kuthamangira kumbuyo kumathamanga ndi mpira).
Malo akumbuyo amafunikira liwiro komanso mphamvu.
Wosewera ayenera kuyembekezera quarterback ndi kukhala ndi kumbuyo kwabwino (kubwerera kumbuyo ndikuthamanga komwe wosewera mpira amathamangira chammbuyo ndikuyang'ana pa quarterback ndi olandila ndiyeno amachita mwachangu) ndikuwongolera.
Chitetezo (FS kapena SS)
Pomaliza, pali zotetezedwa ziwiri: chitetezo chaulere (FS) ndi chitetezo champhamvu (SS).
Zotetezedwa ndi mzere womaliza wachitetezo (kutali kwambiri ndi mzere wa scrimmage) ndipo nthawi zambiri zimathandiza ngodya kuteteza chiphaso.
Chitetezo champhamvu nthawi zambiri chimakhala chachikulu komanso champhamvu mwa ziwirizo, ndipo chimapereka chitetezo chowonjezera pamasewera othamanga poyimirira penapake pakati pa chitetezo chaulere ndi mzere wa scrimmage.
Chitetezo chaulere nthawi zambiri chimakhala chaching'ono komanso chachangu ndipo chimapereka chidziwitso chowonjezera.
Kodi Special Teams ndi chiyani?
Magulu apadera ndi mayunitsi omwe amakhala pabwalo nthawi ya kickoffs, ma free kick, punts ndi zoyesa zigoli zam'munda, ndi mapointi owonjezera.
Osewera ambiri amagulu apadera alinso ndi mlandu komanso / kapena chitetezo. Koma palinso osewera omwe amangosewera matimu apadera.
Magulu apadera akuphatikizapo:
- timu yoyambira
- timu yobwerera koyambilira
- timu ya punting
- mfundo imodzi yotsekereza/kubweza timu
- timu yakumunda
- gulu lotsekereza zigoli zam'munda
Magulu apadera ndi apadera chifukwa amatha kukhala owononga kapena oteteza ndipo amangowoneka mwa apo ndi apo pamasewera.
Magawo a magulu apadera amatha kukhala osiyana kwambiri ndi masewera owononga komanso oteteza, motero gulu linalake la osewera limaphunzitsidwa kuchita izi.
Ngakhale kuti matimu apadera amapeza mapointi ochepa poyerekezera ndi olakwira, maseŵera a matimu apadera amatsimikizira kumene kuukira kulikonse kuyambire, ndipo motero kumakhudza kwambiri mmene zimakhalira zosavuta kapena zovuta kuti woukirayo apeze zigoli.
Yamba
Kick-off, kapena kick-off, ndi njira yoyambira masewera a mpira.
Makhalidwe oyambilira ndikuti timu imodzi - 'timu yokankha' - imakankhira mpira kwa mdaniyo - 'timu yolandira'.
Gulu lolandira ndiye liri ndi ufulu wobwezera mpirawo, mwachitsanzo, yesetsani kutenga mpirawo momwe mungathere kumalo otsiriza a timu yomwe ikukankhira (kapena kuyika touchdown), mpaka wosewera mpirayo atagonjetsedwa ndi gulu lowombera. kapena kupita kunja kwa munda (opanda malire).
Ma Kickoffs amachitika kumayambiriro kwa theka lililonse chigoli chitatha ndipo nthawi zina kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yowonjezera.
Woponya mpira ndi amene ali ndi udindo woponya mpirawo komanso wosewera yemwe akufuna kuponya mpira.
Kuwombera kumawombera kuchokera pansi ndikuyika mpira pa chotengera.
Wowombera mfuti, yemwe amadziwikanso kuti wowombera, wowulutsa, wowombera, kapena kamikaze, ndi wosewera yemwe amatumizidwa nthawi yamasewera ndi punts ndipo amadziwika kwambiri kuthamanga mothamanga kwambiri m'mphepete kuti apeze wobwezera (werengani izi. ).Kulimbana mwachindunji).
Cholinga cha wosewera mpira wa wedge ndi kudumphadumpha pakati pa bwalo pa ma kick offs.
Ndi udindo wake kusokoneza khoma la blockers ('wedge') kuletsa wobwerera ku kick off kukhala ndi kanjira kobwererako.
Kukhala mphero ya wedge ndi malo owopsa chifukwa nthawi zambiri amathamanga kwambiri akakumana ndi blocker.
Yambani kubwerera
Kuyambika kukayambika, timu yobwereranso ya gulu lina ili pabwalo.
Cholinga chachikulu cha kuyambiransoko ndikubweretsa mpira pafupi ndi malo omalizira (kapena kugoletsa ngati n'kotheka).
Chifukwa pomwe wobwezera (KR) amatha kunyamula mpira ndipamene masewerawa ayambirenso.
Kuthekera kwa gulu kuyamba mwaukali pamalo abwino kuposa apakatikati kumawonjezera mwayi wawo wochita bwino.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti, kuyandikira komaliza, m'pamenenso gulu limakhala ndi mwayi wopeza kugunda.
Gulu lobwererako liyenera kugwirira ntchito limodzi bwino, ndi kick off returner (KR) kuyesera kugwira mpira timu yotsutsanayo ikankhira mpira, ndipo ena onse amakonza njira poletsa wotsutsa.
Ndizotheka kuti kukankha kwamphamvu kumapangitsa kuti mpirawo utsike kumapeto kwa timu yobwerera.
Zikatero, wosewera mpirawo sayenera kuthamanga ndi mpirawo.
M'malo mwake, atha kuyika mpira kumapeto kwa 'touchback', gulu lake likuvomera kuyamba kusewera kuchokera pamzere wamayadi 20.
Ngati KR agwira mpira pamalo osewerera ndikubwerera kumapeto, akuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti wabweza mpirawo kumapeto.
Ngati amenyedwa kumapeto, timu yoponya mivi imapeza chitetezo ndikupeza mfundo ziwiri.
Punting timu
Mu sewero la punting, gulu la punting limagwirizana ndi scrimmage punti adafola pafupifupi mayadi 15 kuseri kwapakati.
Gulu lolandira - ndiye kuti, wotsutsa - ali wokonzeka kugwira mpira, monga kukankha.
Pakati amatenga nthawi yayitali kwa wosewera mpira, yemwe amaugwira mpirawo ndikuwulukira kumunda.
Wosewera wa mbali ina yemwe wagwira mpira ndiye ali ndi ufulu kuyesa kupititsa patsogolo mpirawo momwe angathere.
Mpikisano wa mpira nthawi zambiri umapezeka pa 4th pansi pomwe kuwukirako sikunafikire woyamba pansi pamayesero atatu oyamba ndipo sikuli bwino pakuyesa zolinga zakumunda.
Mwaukadaulo, gulu litha kuloza mpira pa mfundo zotsikira, koma sizingakhale zothandiza.
Zotsatira za kuthamanga kwanthawi zonse ndizotsika koyamba kwa gulu lolandira pomwe:
- wolandira wa gulu lolandira akugwiridwa kapena amapita kunja kwa mizere ya munda;
- mpira umapita kunja kwa malire, mwina mukuthawa kapena mutagunda pansi;
- pali kugwirana kosaloledwa: pamene wosewera mpira wa timu yokankha ndiye wosewera woyamba kukhudza mpirawo atawombera kudutsa mzere wa scrimmage;
- kapena mpira wafika popuma pamizere ya bwalo osakhudzidwa.
Zotsatira zina zomwe zingatheke ndikuti mfundoyo yatsekedwa kumbuyo kwa mzere wa scrimmage, ndipo mpira umakhudzidwa, koma osagwidwa kapena kugwidwa, ndi gulu lolandira.
Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, mpirawo umakhala "waulere" ndi "moyo" ndipo udzakhala wa gulu lomwe pamapeto pake ligwira mpirawo.
Gulu lotsekereza / kubwerera
Pamene imodzi mwamagulu yakonzeka kusewera mfundo, timu yotsutsana imabweretsa gulu lawo lomwe likulepheretsa / kubwerera kumunda.
Wobweza punt (PR) ali ndi ntchito yogwira mpira atalangidwa ndikupatsa timu yake malo abwino olowera (kapena touchdown ngati kuli kotheka) pobweza mpirawo.
Choncho cholinga ndi chimodzimodzi ndi kukankha.
Asanagwire mpirawo, wobwererayo ayenera kuona momwe zinthu zilili pabwalo pamene mpira udakali m’mwamba.
Ayenera kudziwa ngati kulidi kopindulitsa kuti timu yake ithamangire ndi mpira.
Ngati zikuwoneka kuti wotsutsayo adzakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi PR panthawi yomwe akugwira mpira, kapena ngati zikuwoneka kuti mpirawo udzatha kumalo ake omalizira, PR angasankhe kusasewera ndi mpira. ndipo sankhani imodzi mwa njira ziwiri zotsatirazi m'malo mwake:
- Pemphani "kugwidwa koyenera" pogwedeza mkono umodzi pamwamba pa mutu wake asanagwire mpirawo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti masewerawa amatha akangogwira mpira; gulu la PR limalandira mpira pamalo pomwe wagwira ndipo palibe kuyesa kobwereza komwe kungachitike. Kugwira koyenera kumachepetsa mwayi wopukutira kapena kuvulala chifukwa kumatsimikizira kuti PR ndiyotetezedwa mokwanira. Wotsutsa sayenera kukhudza PR kapena kuyesa kusokoneza kugwira m'njira iliyonse chizindikiro chogwira bwino chikaperekedwa.
- Kuzemba mpira ndikuwulola kuti ugunde pansi† Izi zitha kuchitika ngati mpirawo ulowa kumapeto kwa timu ya PR kukagunda kumbuyo (komwe mpira umayikidwa pamzere wa mayadi 25 ndikuseweranso kuchokera pamenepo), kupita kunja kwa mizere yamunda kapena kukapumula m'munda wa. Sewerani ndipo 'pansi' ndi wosewera mpira wa gulu la punting ("to down a ball" kutanthauza kuti wosewera mpirayo amasiya kupita patsogolo pogwada pa bondo limodzi. Kuchita koteroko kumasonyeza kutha kwa mpirawo).
Njira yomaliza ndiyo njira yotetezeka kwambiri, chifukwa imachotseratu mwayi wopunthwa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti timu yobwererayo itenga mpirawo.
Komabe, zimaperekanso mwayi kwa gulu la punting kuti litseke gulu la PR mkati mwa gawo lawo.
Izi sizingangopatsa gulu lobwereza la punt malo oyipa kumunda, koma zimatha kuyambitsa chitetezo (mfundo ziwiri kwa wotsutsa).
Chitetezo chimachitika pamene wosewera mpira yemwe ali ndi gulu lobwezera mpira walandidwa kapena 'kutsitsa mpira' kumapeto kwake.
Field goal team
Gulu likasankha kuyesa cholinga chamunda, gulu la zigoli za m'munda limayamba kuchitapo kanthu ndi osewera onse kupatula awiri omwe ali pamzere kapena pafupi ndi mzere wa scrimmage.
Woponya ndi chogwirizira (wosewera yemwe amalandira chithunzi kuchokera ku snapper yayitali) ali patali.
M'malo mwapakati, gulu likhoza kukhala ndi chowombera chachitali, chomwe chimaphunzitsidwa mwapadera kumenya mpirawo poyesa kukankha ndi nkhonya.
Wogwirayo nthawi zambiri amadziyika yekha mayadi asanu ndi awiri kapena asanu ndi atatu kumbuyo kwa mzere wa scrimmage, ndi woponya mayadi angapo kumbuyo kwake.
Akalandira chithunzithunzicho, mwiniwakeyo amaugwira mpirawo molunjika pansi, ndikuwuchotsa kwa woponyayo.
Wowomberayo amayamba kuyenda panthawi yowombera, kotero kuti snapper ndi chogwirizira amakhala ndi malire pang'ono pakulakwitsa.
Cholakwika chimodzi chaching'ono chingasokoneze kuyesa konse.
Kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa masewerawo, ukafika kwa wogwirizira, mpirawo umanyamulidwa ndi kansalu kakang'ono ka mphira (malo ang'onoang'ono oyikapo mpirawo) kapena pansi (ku koleji komanso pamlingo waukadaulo. ).
Woponya mpira, yemwe amayang'anira masewera othamanga, ndiyenso amayesa kugoletsa. Cholinga chamunda chimakhala ndi mapointsi atatu.
Kutsekereza zigoli kumunda
Ngati timu imodzi yogoletsa zigoli mubwalo ili pabwalo, timu yotsekereza zigoli za gulu ina imagwira ntchito.
Odziteteza a timu yotchinga zigoli akuima pafupi ndi pakati pomwe amadula mpira, chifukwa njira yachangu yofikira ku goli yamunda kapena kuyesa ma point owonjezera ndikudutsa pakati.
The field goal blocking team ndi timu yomwe imayesa kuteteza field goal ndipo ikufuna kupewetsa kulakwa kugoletsa ma points atatu.
Mpirawo uli mayadi asanu ndi awiri kuchokera pamzere wa scrimmage, kutanthauza kuti osewera ayenera kuwoloka malowa kuti aletse kukankha.
Chitetezo chikatsekereza kukankha, amatha kubweza mpirawo ndikulemba TD (mfundo 6).
Kutsiliza
Mukuwona, Mpira waku America ndi masewera anzeru pomwe maudindo omwe osewera amakhala ofunikira kwambiri.
Tsopano popeza mukudziwa maudindo awa, mwina mudzayang'ana masewera otsatirawa mosiyana.
Mukufuna kusewera mpira waku America nokha? Yambani kugula mpira wabwino kwambiri waku America mpira kunja uko
