Ndizosangalatsa kuti ndikulemba izi kwa owerenga anga, inunso. Sindimalola kubweza chifukwa cholemba ndemanga, malingaliro anga pazogulitsazo ndi anga, koma mukawona malingaliro anga akuthandizani ndipo mumatha kugula kena kake mwa maulalo omwe nditha kulandira nawo. Zambiri
Kukhazikitsa bata ndikuwonetsetsa kuti malamulo akutsatiridwa, Mpira wa ku America mabungwe, monga masewera ena, 'akuluakulu' osiyanasiyana - mwina oweruza- omwe amayendetsa masewerawo.
Oyimbira masewerowa ali ndi maudindo apadera, maudindo ndi maudindo omwe amawathandiza kuyimba machesi molondola komanso mosasinthasintha.
Kutengera mulingo womwe Mpira umaseweredwa, pamakhala ma umpire atatu mpaka asanu ndi awiri pabwalo pamasewera a mpira waku America. Maudindo asanu ndi awiriwa, kuphatikiza ogwira ntchito mu unyolo, aliyense ali ndi ntchito zawozawo ndi udindo wake.
M'nkhaniyi mutha kuwerenga zambiri za malo ochezera osiyanasiyana mu mpira waku America, komwe amakhala, zomwe amayang'ana komanso zomwe amachita pamasewera aliwonse kuti masewerawa apitirire.
Werengani komanso zomwe osewera onse ali mu mpira waku America ndi akutanthauza chiyani
Zomwe timakambirana patsamba lino:
Ma Umpires Asanu ndi Awiri mu Mpira wa NFL
Woyimbira masewero ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi udindo wosunga malamulo ndi dongosolo la masewera.
Otsutsa amavala mwamwambo malaya amizeremizere yakuda ndi yoyera, mathalauza akuda ndi lamba wakuda ndi nsapato zakuda. Amakhalanso ndi kapu.
Woyimbira mpira aliyense mu mpira waku America ali ndi mutu wotengera udindo wawo.
Maudindo otsatirawa atha kusiyanitsidwa mu NFL:
- Referee / Head Referee (Wotsutsa, R)
- Mtsogoleri wamkulu (Head Linesman, HL)
- Woweruza mzere (Woweruza Mzere, L.J.)
- woyimbira (woyimbira masewero, inu)
- kumbuyo kwa referee (Woweruza Kumbuyo,B)
- side referee (Woweruza Wambali, S)
- Field Referee (Woweruza Wamunda, F)
Chifukwa 'referee' ndi amene ali ndi udindo woyang'anira masewera onse, malowa amatchedwanso 'woweruza wamkulu' kuti amusiyanitse ndi osewera ena.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma referee
Chifukwa chake NFL imagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri machitidwe asanu ndi awiri ovomerezeka.
Mpira wa mabwalo, mpira wa kusekondale ndi magulu ena a mpira, kumbali ina, ali ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana ndipo kuchuluka kwa oyimbira kumasiyana malinga ndi magawo.
Mu mpira waku koleji, monga mu NFL, pali akuluakulu asanu ndi awiri pamunda.
M’maseŵera a mpira wa kusekondale nthawi zambiri mumakhala akuluakulu asanu, pamene maligi a achinyamata nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito akuluakulu atatu pamasewera.
In machitidwe atatu ovomerezeka pamakhala woyimbira kherere (woweruza milandu), woyimbira kherere (woyang'anira mzera) ndi woweruza pamzere akugwira ntchito, kapena nthawi zina ndi woyimbira kherere, woyimbira kherere ndi woyendetsa masewero. Dongosololi ndilofala kwambiri m'masewera amasewera achichepere komanso achichepere.
At machitidwe anayi ovomerezeka ntchito imapangidwa ndi woyimbira (referee), woyimbira masewero, woyang'anira mzere wamkulu ndi woweruza pamzere. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamagulu otsika.
Een zisanu-ovomerezeka dongosolo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumpikisano wa mpira wamabwalo, mpira wamasewera ambiri akusekondale, komanso mipikisano yambiri ya semi-pro. Imawonjezera woweruza kumbuyo ku machitidwe anayi ovomerezeka.
Een zisanu ndi chimodzi boma dongosolo amagwiritsa ntchito machitidwe asanu ndi awiri ovomerezeka, kuchotsa woyimbira kumbuyo kumbuyo. Dongosololi limagwiritsidwa ntchito m'masewera ena akusekondale ndi masewera ang'onoang'ono aku koleji.
Malo a referee adafotokoza
Tsopano muli ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa gawo la woyimbira aliyense.
Referee (woweruza wamkulu)
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi mtsogoleri wa ma umpires onse, 'referee' (referee, R).
Referee ndi amene ali ndi udindo woyang'anira masewera onse ndipo ali ndi mphamvu paziganizo zonse.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake udindowu umatchedwanso 'head referee'. Woweruza wamkulu amatenga malo ake kumbuyo kwa gulu lomwe likuukira.
Woweruza aziwerengera kuchuluka kwa osewera ochita zoipa, kuyang'ana kotala pamasewera a pass komanso kuthamanga mmbuyo panthawi yothamanga, kuyang'anira woponya mpira ndi wogwirizira panthawi yamasewera, ndi kulengeza pamasewera a zilango kapena kufotokozera kwina.
Mutha kumuzindikira ndi chipewa chake choyera, chifukwa akuluakulu ena amavala zisoti zakuda.
Kuonjezera apo, woweruzayo amanyamulanso ndalama kuti apangitse ndalamazo zisanachitike (ndipo ngati kuli kofunikira, kuti machesi awonjezere).
Head Linesman (Head Linesman)
Woyang'anira mutu (H kapena HL) amaima mbali imodzi ya mzere wa scrimmage (nthawi zambiri mbali yoyang'anizana ndi bokosi la atolankhani).
Woyang'anira mpanda ali ndi udindo wowona ngati offside, kulowerera ndi zolakwa zina zomwe zimachitika chithunzicho chisanachitike.
Amaweruza zomwe zikuchitika pambali pake, amayang'ana olandira pafupi naye, amalemba malo a mpira ndikuwongolera gulu la unyolo.
Kulowerera kumachitika pamene, chithunzithunzi chisanachitike, wotetezayo awoloka mosavomerezeka mzere wa scrimmage ndikulumikizana ndi mdani.
Masewera akamakula, woyang'anira mizere ndi udindo woweruza zomwe zikuchitika pambali pake, kuphatikiza ngati wosewera wadutsa malire.
Kumayambiriro kwa sewero lachiphaso, ali ndi udindo woyang'anira olandila omwe ali pafupi ndi mzere wake mpaka mayadi 5-7 kudutsa mzere wa scrimmage.
Amawonetsa kupita patsogolo ndi momwe mpirawo ukuyendera ndipo amayang'anira gulu la unyolo (zambiri pa izi pakamphindi) ndi ntchito zawo.
Woyang'anira zingwe wamkulu amanyamulanso chomangira tcheni chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito ku unyolo kuti akhazikitse bwino maunyolo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mpira wayikidwa bwino koyamba pansi.
Line Judge (Line Judge)
Woweruza Wamzere (L kapena LJ) amathandizira Woweruza Wamzere ndipo amaima mbali ina ya Woweruza Wamkulu.
Udindo wake ndi wofanana ndi wa woyang'anira mizere wamkulu.
Woweruza pamzere amayang'ana zomwe zingatheke, kulowerera, kuyambika kwabodza ndi zophwanya zina pamzere wa scrimmage.
Masewera akamakula, amakhala ndi udindo pazochita pafupi ndi mbali yake, kuphatikiza ngati wosewera ali kunja kwa mizere yamunda.
Amakhalanso ndi udindo wowerengera osewera omwe akuukira.
Kusukulu yasekondale (komwe ma umpires anayi akugwira ntchito) komanso m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, woyang'anira mzere ndiye woyang'anira nthawi yamasewera.
Mu NFL, koleji ndi magulu ena a mpira pomwe nthawi yovomerezeka imasungidwa pabwalo lamasewera, woyendetsa amakhala wosunga nthawi pakagwa vuto ndi wotchiyo.
woyimbira masewero
The Umpire (U) imayima kumbuyo kwa mzere wodzitchinjiriza ndi ma linebackers (kupatula mu NFL).
Popeza kuti woyimbira kherere amakhala pomwe zambiri zomwe zimachitika koyamba pamasewerawa zimachitika, malo ake amaonedwa kuti ndi owopsa kwambiri.
Pofuna kupewa kuvulazidwa, otsogolera a NFL ali kumbali yonyansa ya mpira kupatula pamene mpira uli mkati mwa mzere wa mayadi asanu ndi mphindi ziwiri zomaliza za theka loyamba ndi mphindi zisanu zomaliza za theka lachiwiri.
Woyimbira masewero amafufuza ngati asunga kapena midadada yosaloledwa pakati pa mzere woukirawo ndi mzere wotetezera, amawerengera kuchuluka kwa osewera ochita zoipa, amayang'ana zida za osewera, kuyang'ana kotala, komanso kuyang'anira zigoli ndi nthawi yomwe yatha.
Woyimbira masewero amayang'ana midadada yodutsa pamzere wotsutsa komanso oteteza omwe akuyesera kuteteza midadada iyi - amayang'ana zotsekera kapena zosaloledwa.
Asanajambule, amawerengera osewera onse omwe akuukira.
Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi udindo woonetsetsa kuti zida zonse za osewera zikuyenda bwino ndipo amawunika momwe osewera amapitilira kupitilira malire ndikuwunika ziwerengero ndi nthawi.
Osewera omwe ali mkati mwamasewera, komanso kukhala ndi chovala chathunthu cha AF kapena kudziteteza
Back Judge (kumbuyo mwa referee)
Woweruza kumbuyo (B kapena BJ) amaima kumbuyo kwa mzere wachiwiri wotetezera pakati pamunda. Amaphimba gawo lamunda pakati pa iye ndi woyimbira.
Woweruza wakumbuyo amaweruza zochita za othamangira pafupi, olandila (makamaka zolimba) ndi oteteza pafupi.
Amaweruza kusokoneza, midadada yosaloledwa ndi ziphaso zosakwanira. Iye ali ndi mawu omaliza pa zovomerezeka zamasewera omwe sanapangidwe kuchokera pamzere wa scrimmage (kickoffs).
Pamodzi ndi woweruza wam'munda, amasankha ngati kuyesa kwa zigoli kumunda kukuyenda bwino ndipo amawerengera kuchuluka kwa osewera omwe akuteteza.
Mu NFL, woweruza wam'mbuyo ndi amene ali ndi udindo woweruza kuchedwa kwa kuphwanya kwamasewera (pamene wowukirayo alephera kuyambitsa masewera ake otsatirawa asanathe 40-second wotchi).
Mu mpira wa koleji, woweruza kumbuyo ndi amene ali ndi udindo pa wotchi yamasewera, yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi wothandizira motsogoleredwa ndi iye.
Kusukulu yasekondale (magulu a ma umpires asanu), woyimbira kumbuyo ndiye woyang'anira nthawi yamasewera.
Woyimbira kumbuyo ndinso wolondera wotchi pamasewera akusekondale ndipo amawerengera miniti imodzi yomwe imaloledwa kuti nthawi yothera nthawi (masekondi 30 okha ndi omwe amaloledwa nthawi yatimu pamasewera aku koleji apawailesi yakanema).
Side Judge ( side referee)
Woweruza wam'mbali (S kapena SJ) amagwira ntchito kuseri kwa mzere wachiwiri wa chitetezo kumbali yomweyi monga woyang'anira mutu, koma kumbali ina ya woyimbira masewero (werengani zambiri pansipa).
Monga woyimbira masewero a m'munda, amapanga zisankho zokhudzana ndi zochita pafupi ndi mbali yake ndikuweruza zomwe zimachitika pafupi ndi othawa, olandira ndi oteteza.
Amaweruza kusokoneza, midadada yosaloledwa ndi ziphaso zosakwanira. Amawerengeranso osewera odzitchinjiriza ndikuchita ngati woyimbira wachiwiri panthawi yoyeserera zolinga zamunda.
Udindo wake ndi wofanana ndi wa woweruza wa m'munda, kokha kumbali ina ya munda.
Mu mpira waku koleji, woweruza wam'mbali ali ndi udindo pa wotchi yamasewera, yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi wothandizira motsogozedwa ndi iye.
Field Judge (field umpire)
Pomaliza, pali woweruza wakumunda (F kapena FJ) yemwe akugwira ntchito kumbuyo kwa mzere wachiwiri wodzitchinjiriza, pamzere womwewo ndi mzere wolondola.
Amapanga zisankho pafupi ndi mbali zake zamunda ndikuweruza zochita za othamanga omwe ali pafupi, olandila ndi oteteza.
Amaweruza kusokoneza, midadada yosaloledwa ndi ziphaso zosakwanira. Amakhalanso ndi udindo wowerengera osewera oteteza.
Pamodzi ndi woweruza wakumbuyo, amaweruza ngati kuyesa kwa zigoli zamunda kukuyenda bwino.
Nthawi zina amakhala woyang'anira nthawi, amayang'anira wotchi yamasewera pamipikisano ingapo.
Gulu la Chain
Gulu la unyolo silikhala la 'akuluakulu' kapena ma referee, komabe ndilofunika kwambiri panthawiyi. Masewera a mpira waku America.
Gulu la maunyolo, lomwe limatchedwanso 'chain crew' kapena 'chain gang' ku America, ndi gulu lomwe limayang'anira zikwangwani kumbali imodzi.
Pali mitundu itatu ya zizindikiro zoyambira:
- 'Positi yakumbuyo' yomwe ikuwonetsa kuyambika kwa zotsika
- "Positi yakutsogolo" kusonyeza "mzere woti upindule" (malo okwana mayadi 10 kuchokera pomwe mpira ukuwonekera koyamba kutsika)
- 'bokosi' kusonyeza mzere wa scrimmage.
Nsanamira ziwirizo zimangiriridwa pansi ndi unyolo ndendende mayadi 10, ndi 'bokosi' kusonyeza panopa pansi nambala.
Gulu la unyolo limawonetsa zisankho za osewera; sapanga zisankho okha.
Osewera amayang'ana kwa gulu la unyolo kuti awone mzere wa scrimmage, nambala yotsika ndi mzere kuti apindule.
Akuluakulu angadalire gulu la unyolo pambuyo pa masewera pomwe zotsatira zake zimadalira malo oyambirira a mpirawo (pakakhala chiphaso chosakwanira kapena chilango, mwachitsanzo).
Nthawi zina maunyolo amafunika kubweretsedwa m'munda ngati pakufunika kuwerengedwa molondola kuti muwone ngati kutsika koyamba kwapangidwa.
Werenganinso: Chilichonse chomwe muyenera kudziwa kuti mukhale wofufuza wa hockey
Zothandizira zamasewera a mpira waku America
Kukhala pabwalo ndi kudziwa malamulo sikokwanira. Osewera amafunikanso kudziwa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana.
Nthawi zambiri, amagwiritsa ntchito zida zotsatirazi kuti agwire bwino ntchito zawo pamunda:
- Mluzu
- Chizindikiro kapena mbendera
- thumba la nyemba
- Chizindikiro chapansi
- Khadi la data lamasewera ndi pensulo
- Sitimachi
- Pet
Kodi zida izi ndi ziti ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji ndi osewera?
Mluzu
Mluzu wodziwika bwino wa osewera. Woyimbira mpira aliyense mu mpira waku America ali ndi imodzi ndipo atha kuigwiritsa ntchito kuti athetse masewerawo.
Mluzu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kukumbutsa osewera kuti mpira 'wafa': kuti masewera atha (kapena sanayambepo).
'Mpira wakufa' kutanthauza kuti mpirawo umawoneka wosaseweredwa kwakanthawi ndipo suyenera kusunthidwa nthawi ngati zotere.
'Mpira wakufa' mu mpira umachitika pamene:
- wosewera mpira wathamanga ndi mpira kunja kwa malire
- Mpira utatha - mwina ndi wosewera mpira akukankhidwira pansi kapena kupita pansi kosakwanira.
- mpira usanadulidwe kuti masewera ena ayambe
Panthawi yomwe mpira 'wafa', magulu asayese kupitiriza kusewera ndi mpira, komanso pasakhale kusintha kulikonse.
Mpira mu mpira waku America, womwe umatchedwanso 'pigskin', umapangidwa ndi zida zabwino kwambiri
Chizindikiro kapena mbendera
Chizindikiro cha chilango chimakulungidwa molemera, monga mchenga kapena nyemba (kapena nthawi zina zonyamula mpira, ngakhale kuti izi zakhumudwitsidwa chifukwa chochitika mu masewera a NFL chinasonyeza kuti osewerawo akhoza kuvulaza), kotero kuti mbendera ikhoza kuponyedwa ndi mtunda pang'ono. kulondola.
Chilango ndi mbendera yachikasu yonyezimira yomwe imaponyedwa pabwalo molunjika, kapena m'malo mwake, wolakwira.
Pa zolakwika zomwe malo sali ofunikira, monga zolakwika zomwe zimachitika mwadzidzidzi kapena panthawi ya 'mpira wakufa', mbendera nthawi zambiri imaponyedwa mlengalenga.
Oyimbira nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mbendera yachiwiri ngati kuphwanya kangapo kumachitika nthawi imodzi pamasewera.
Akuluakulu omwe ataya mbendera ataona kuphwanya kangapo m'malo mwake amatha kusiya zipewa kapena thumba la nyemba.
thumba la nyemba
Thumba la nyemba limagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba malo osiyanasiyana pamunda, koma siligwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zonyansa.
Mwachitsanzo, thumba la nyemba limagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba malo opunthira kapena pamene wosewera mpira wagwira mfundo.
Mtundu nthawi zambiri umakhala woyera, buluu kapena lalanje, malingana ndi mpikisano, mlingo wa masewera ndi nyengo.
Mosiyana ndi zolembera zilango, matumba a nyemba amatha kuponyedwa pamalo ofanana ndi mzere wapafupi wa bwalo, osati malo enieni omwe anachitapo.
Chizindikiro chapansi
Chowonjezera ichi chimakhala chakuda mumtundu.
Chizindikiro chapansi ndi chingwe chopangidwa mwapadera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukumbutsa omvera za zomwe zikuchitika pano.
Pali chipika chotanuka chomwe chimangiriridwa ndi zala zake.
Kawirikawiri akuluakulu amaika lupu pa chala chawo chamlozera ngati chiri choyamba pansi, chala chapakati ngati chachiwiri kutsika, ndi zina zotero mpaka chachinayi pansi.
M'malo mwachizindikirocho, akuluakulu ena amagwiritsa ntchito mphira ziwiri zazikulu zomangirira pamodzi ngati chizindikiro chotsikirapo: mphira imodzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chingwe chapamanja ndipo ina imangiriridwa pa zala.
Akuluakulu ena, makamaka ma umpire, angagwiritsenso ntchito chizindikiro chachiwiri kuti ayang'ane pomwe mpira unayikidwa pakati pa zizindikiro za hashi zomwe zisanachitike masewera (ie ma hashi kumanja, kumanzere, kapena pakati pakati pa ziwirizi).
Izi ndizofunikira akayenera kuyikanso mpirawo pambuyo podutsa mosakwanira kapena kuchita zolakwika.
Khadi la data lamasewera ndi pensulo
Makhadi a data amasewera amatha kukhala mapepala otayidwa kapena pulasitiki yogwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Oyimbira alembapo zofunikira pakuwongolera apa, monga wopambana kuponyera ndalama pamasewera, kutha kwa timu, ndi zolakwika zomwe zachitika.
Pensulo yomwe osewera amanyamula ali ndi kapu yapadera yooneka ngati mpira. Chovalacho chimalepheretsa choyimira kuti chisalowe mu pensulo ili m'thumba mwake.
Sitimachi
Wotchi yoyimitsa woyimbira nthawi zambiri imakhala wotchi yapamanja ya digito.
Osewera amavala choyimitsa pakanthawi kofunikira.
Izi zimaphatikizapo kusunga nthawi yosewera, kuyang'anira nthawi yomwe ikutha komanso kuyang'anira nthawi yomwe ili pakati pa magawo anayi.
Pet
Osewera onse amavala kapu. Woweruza wamkulu ndi yekhayo amene ali ndi chipewa choyera, ena onse amavala kapu yakuda.
Ngati wosewera yemwe sananyamule mpirawo atuluka m'malire, woyimbirayo amaponya kapu yake kuti alembe pomwe wosewerayo adatuluka.
Chipewacho chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kusonyeza kulakwa kwachiwiri kumene woweruzayo wagwiritsira ntchito kale chinthu chodziwika bwino (monga tafotokozera pamwambapa), komanso kusonyeza khalidwe losagwirizana ndi masewera kwa woweruzayo.
Chifukwa chiyani ma umpire a mpira amakhala ndi nambala ya malaya?
Osewera amavala manambala kuti asiyanitse ndi osewera ena.
Ngakhale izi sizingakhale zomveka pamasewera aang'ono (osewera ambiri amakhala ndi kalata kumbuyo kwawo osati nambala), ndizofunikira pamagulu a NFL ndi koleji (yunivesite).
Monga momwe osewera amafunikira kuzindikiridwa mufilimu yamasewera, momwemonso akuluakulu ayenera kudziwika.
Woyang'anira ligi akapereka zigamulo, zimakhala zosavuta kuzindikira ma umpire ndikuzindikira kuti ndi woyimbira uti yemwe akuchita bwino kapena wocheperako.
Mpaka pano, pali akuluakulu pafupifupi 115 mu NFL, ndipo woyimbira aliyense ali ndi nambala. Oyang'anira mpira ndi msana wa masewerawa.
Amathandizira kuti pakhale bata mumasewera ovuta komanso okhudzana ndi thupi. Popanda ochita masewero, masewerawa angakhale chipwirikiti.
Chifukwa chake, lemekezani ma umpire akudera lanu ndipo musawadzudzule ndi chipongwe chifukwa cha chisankho cholakwika.
Chifukwa chiyani m'modzi mwa otsutsa avala kapu yoyera?
Monga tafotokozera kale, referee yemwe wavala chipewa choyera ndi mutu wa referee.
Woyimbira mpira amavala chipewa choyera kuti azisiyanitsa ndi osewera ena.
M'lingaliro lapamwamba, woweruza yemwe ali ndi chipewa choyera amatha kuwonedwa ngati "mphunzitsi wamkulu" wa osewera, ndipo woweruza aliyense amakhala wothandizira.
Ref uyu alankhula ndi mphunzitsi ngati pachitika vuto, ali ndi udindo wochotsa osewera pamasewera ndikulengeza ngati pali penati.
Woyimbira mpirayu asiyanso kusewera ngati kuli kofunikira kuti athetse vuto lililonse.
Ndiye nthawi zonse muyang'ane woweruza yemwe ali ndi chipewa choyera ngati pali vuto.
