Abin farin ciki ne na rubuta waɗannan labaran don masu karatu na, ku. Ban karɓi biyan kuɗi don yin bita ba, ra'ayina game da samfuran nawa ne, amma idan kun sami shawarwarin na da taimako kuma kun ƙare siyan wani abu ta hanyar ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin haɗin da zan iya samun kwamiti akan hakan. Karin bayani
Don kiyaye tsari da tabbatar da bin ka'idoji. Ƙasar Amirka ƙungiyoyi, kamar sauran wasanni, daban-daban jami'ai - ko dai alkalan wasa– wanda ke gudanar da wasan.
Waɗannan alkalan wasa suna da takamaiman matsayi, matsayi da nauyi waɗanda ke ba su damar yin fare daidai da daidaito.
Dangane da matakin da ake buga Kwallon kafa, akwai alkalan wasa uku zuwa bakwai a filin wasa yayin wasan kwallon kafa na Amurka. Mukamai bakwai, da ma'aikatan sarkar, kowanne yana da nasa ayyuka da nauyin da ya hau kansa.
A cikin wannan labarin za ku iya karanta ƙarin game da matsayi daban-daban na alkalan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Amurka, inda suke layi, abin da suke nema da kuma abin da suke yi a kowane wasa don ci gaba da aiki.
Karanta kuma menene duk matsayin 'yan wasa a ƙwallon ƙafa na Amurka kuma suke nufi
Abin da muke tattaunawa a cikin wannan cikakken post:
Umpires Bakwai a cikin ƙwallon ƙafa na NFL
Alkalin wasa shine wanda ke da alhakin kiyaye ka'idoji da tsari na wasan.
Alkalan wasan sun saba sanye da riga bakar fata da farare, bakar wando mai bakin bel da bakin takalmi. Suna kuma da hula.
Kowane alkalan wasa a kwallon kafa na Amurka yana da lakabi bisa matsayinsa.
Ana iya bambanta matsayin alkalin wasa masu zuwa a cikin NFL:
- Alkalin wasa / shugaban alkalin wasa (Kwararre, R)
- Babban jami'in tsaro (Head Linesman, HL)
- Alkalin layi (Alkalin layi, L.J.)
- umpire (Amfani, ka)
- bayan alkalin wasa (Baya Alkali,B)
- alkalin wasa (Alkalin gefe, S)
- Alkalin wasa (Alkalin filin, F)
Domin ‘alkalan wasa’ ne ke da alhakin kula da wasan gaba daya, shi ma a wani lokaci ana kiran matsayin da ‘shugaban alkalin wasa’ don bambanta shi da sauran alkalan wasa.
Tsarin alkalin wasa daban-daban
Don haka NFL yafi amfani tsarin hukuma bakwai.
Kwallon kafa na filin wasa, ƙwallon ƙafa na sakandare da sauran matakan ƙwallon ƙafa, a gefe guda, suna da tsari daban-daban kuma adadin alkalan ya bambanta ta hanyar rarraba.
A cikin ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji, kamar a cikin NFL, akwai jami'ai bakwai a filin wasa.
A wasan kwallon kafa na sakandare gabaɗaya akwai jami'ai biyar, yayin da ƙungiyoyin matasa suka saba amfani da jami'ai uku a kowane wasa.
In tsarin hukuma uku akwai alkalin wasa (alkalan wasa), shugaban masu layi da alkalan layi yana aiki, ko kuma a wasu lokuta alqali ne, alkalan wasa da kuma mai lazimta kai. Wannan tsarin ya zama ruwan dare a wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙarami da matasa.
A tsarin hukuma hudu An yi amfani da alƙali (alƙali), ƙwararren ƙwaƙƙwalwa, shugaban layukan kai da alkalan layi. An fi amfani dashi a ƙananan matakan.
een biyar-official tsarin da ake amfani da su a fagen ƙwallon ƙafa, mafi yawan ƙwallon ƙafa na makarantar sakandare, da kuma mafi yawan gasa na gaba-gaba. Yana ƙara alkali na baya zuwa tsarin hukuma hudu.
een tsarin hukuma shida yana amfani da tsarin hukuma bakwai, ban da umpire na baya. Ana amfani da wannan tsarin a wasu wasannin sakandare da ƙananan wasannin koleji.
An bayyana matsayin alkalin wasa
Yanzu mai yiwuwa kuna sha'awar takamaiman rawar da kowane alkalin wasa zai iya taka.
Alkalin wasa (shugaban alkalin wasa)
Bari mu fara da shugaban dukan alkalan wasa, 'alƙalan wasa' (alkalan wasa, R).
Alkalin wasa ne ke da alhakin kula da wasan gaba daya kuma yana da cikakken iko kan duk yanke shawara.
Shi ya sa ake kuma kiran wannan matsayi da ‘head alkalin wasa’. Alkalin wasan ya dauki matsayinsa a bayan kungiyar masu kai hari.
Alkalin wasa zai kirga yawan ’yan wasan da ba su da laifi, ya duba kwata-kwata a lokacin wasan wucewa da kuma wadanda suka gudu a lokacin wasan gudu, da sanya ido kan bugun da mai rike da kwallo a lokacin wasan, sannan ya ba da sanarwa a lokacin wasan fanareti ko wasu karin haske.
Kuna iya gane shi da farar hula, domin sauran jami'ai suna sa baƙar fata.
Bugu da kari, wannan alƙalin kuma yana ɗaukar tsabar kuɗi don yin jujjuyawar kuɗin kafin wasan (kuma idan ya cancanta, don tsawaita wasa).
Head Linesman (head lineman)
Mai layin kai (H ko HL) yana tsaye a gefe ɗaya na layin layi (yawanci gefen gaban akwatin latsa).
Shugaban layukan yana da alhakin bincikar offside, cin zarafi da sauran laifuffukan da suka faru kafin ɗaukar hoto.
Yana yin hukunci akan ayyukan da ke gefen sa, yana duba masu karɓa a kusa da shi, yana nuna matsayin ƙwallon kuma yana jagorantar tawagar sarƙoƙi.
Ƙunƙwasawa yana faruwa ne lokacin, kafin ɗaukar hoto, mai tsaron gida ya ketare layin ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma ya yi hulɗa da abokin gaba.
Yayin da wasan ke ci gaba, babban dan wasan ne ke da alhakin yanke hukunci a kan abin da ya faru a gefensa, ciki har da ko dan wasa ba shi da iyaka.
A farkon wasan wucewa, yana da alhakin duba masu karɓa masu cancanta waɗanda suke layi kusa da gefen gefensa har zuwa yadi 5-7 da suka wuce layin scrimmage.
Yana nuna alamar ci gaba da matsayi na ƙwallon ƙafa kuma yana kula da ƙungiyar sarkar (ƙari akan wannan a cikin ɗan lokaci) da ayyukansu.
Babban mai yin layi yana kuma ɗaukar sarƙa mai sarƙa wanda ma'aikatan sarkar ke amfani da shi don daidaita sarƙoƙin daidai da tabbatar da sahun ƙwallon ƙafa na farko.
Alkalin Layi (Alkalin Layi)
Mai layi (L ko LJ) yana taimakon babban mai layin kuma ya tsaya a gefen kishiyar babban mai layin.
Nauyin nasa yana kama da na shugaban layukan.
Alkalin layin yana neman yuwuwar tashe-tashen hankula, cin zarafi, fara karya da sauran keta haddi kan layi.
Yayin da wasan ke tasowa, shi ke da alhakin ayyukan da ke kusa da gefensa, ciki har da ko dan wasa yana waje da layin filin.
Shi ne kuma ke da alhakin kirga 'yan wasa masu kai hari.
A makarantar sakandare (inda umpires hudu ke aiki) kuma a cikin ƙananan wasanni, ma'aikacin layi shine mai kula da lokaci na wasan.
A cikin NFL, koleji da sauran matakan ƙwallon ƙafa inda aka ajiye lokacin hukuma akan allon filin wasa, mai yin layi ya zama mai kula da lokaci a cikin abin da ba zai yiwu ba na wani abu ba daidai ba tare da agogo.
Amfani
Umpire (U) yana tsaye a bayan layin tsaro da masu layi (sai dai a cikin NFL).
Tun da umpire yana wurin da yawancin aikin farko na wasan ya faru, an dauki matsayinsa a matsayin matsayi mafi haɗari.
Don kauce wa rauni, 'yan wasan NFL suna kan gefen ball na ball sai dai lokacin da kwallon ke cikin layin yadi biyar da kuma lokacin minti biyu na ƙarshe na farkon rabin da minti biyar na ƙarshe na rabi na biyu.
Umpire yana bincika don riƙe ko shingen doka ba a tsakanin layin da ba a kai ba da layin tsaro, yana ƙididdige adadin ƴan wasan da ba za su iya ba, yana duba kayan ƴan wasa, yana duba kwata-kwata, sannan kuma yana sa ido kan maki da lokacin ƙarewa.
Umpire yana kallon tubalan ta cikin layin da ba a so da kuma masu tsaron gida da ke ƙoƙarin kare waɗannan tubalan - yana neman kama ko haramtacciyar tubalan.
Kafin ɗaukar hoto, yana ƙirga duk 'yan wasan da ke kai hari.
Bugu da kari, shi ne ke da alhakin halaccin duk kayan aikin ’yan wasa kuma yana sa ido kan kwata-kwata don wucewar layin da ya wuce kuma yana sa ido kan maki da lokacin hutu.
'Yan wasan da kansu suna tsakiyar wasan, sannan kuma su sami cikakken kayan aikin AF ko don kare kansu
Alkalin Baya (bayan alkalin wasa)
Mai shari'a na baya (B ko BJ) yana tsaye a bayan layin sakandare mai karewa a tsakiyar filin. Yana rufe yankin filin tsakaninsa da umpire.
Alkalin baya yana yin hukunci game da aikin ƴan gudu na kusa, masu karɓa (mafi ƙarancin ƙarewa) da na kusa.
Yana yin hukunci da tsangwama, shinge ba bisa ka'ida ba da fasfot marasa cikawa. Yana da magana ta ƙarshe a kan halaccin bugun da ba a yi daga layi na ƙwanƙwasa ba (kickoffs).
Tare da alkali na filin, ya yanke shawarar ko ƙoƙarin filin wasa ya yi nasara kuma yana ƙididdige adadin 'yan wasan da ke kare.
A cikin NFL, alkali na baya yana da alhakin yanke hukunci game da jinkiri na cin zarafi na wasa (lokacin da maharin ya kasa fara wasansa na gaba kafin agogon wasan na 40 na biyu ya ƙare).
A cikin ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji, alkali na baya yana da alhakin agogon wasan, wanda mataimaki ke sarrafa shi a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa.
A makarantar sakandare ('yan wasan umpires biyar), umpire na baya shine mai kula da lokacin wasan.
Umpire na baya kuma yana kiyaye agogon wasan a wasannin sakandare kuma yana ƙidayar minti ɗaya da aka ba da izini don hutun lokaci (daƙiƙa 30 kawai ake ba da izinin lokacin hutun ƙungiyar a wasannin kwalejin da aka watsa ta talabijin).
Alkalin wasa (Alkali na gefe)
Mai shari'a na gefe (S ko SJ) yana aiki a bayan layin tsaro na biyu a kan layi ɗaya da babban mai kula da layi, amma a gefe guda na umpire filin (karanta ƙarin a ƙasa).
Kamar umpire na filin, yana yanke shawara game da ayyuka a kusa da gefensa kuma yana yin hukunci game da ayyukan da ke kusa da gudu, masu karɓa da masu kare.
Yana yin hukunci da tsangwama, shinge ba bisa ka'ida ba da kuma izinin da ba a cika ba. Yana kuma kirga 'yan wasa masu tsaron gida kuma yana aiki a matsayin alkalan wasa na biyu a lokacin ƙoƙarin burin filin wasa.
Ayyukansa iri daya ne da na alkalan filin, sai a daya bangaren filin.
A cikin ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji, alkali na gefe yana da alhakin agogon wasan, wanda mataimaki ke sarrafa shi a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa.
Alkalin filin (umpire)
A ƙarshe, akwai alkali na filin (F ko FJ) wanda ke aiki a bayan layin tsaro na biyu, a gefe ɗaya da layin dama.
Yana yanke shawara kusa da gefen filin wasa kuma yana yin la'akari da ayyukan masu gudu na kusa, masu karɓa da masu tsaron gida.
Yana yin hukunci da tsangwama, shinge ba bisa ka'ida ba da kuma izinin da ba a cika ba. Shi ne kuma ke da alhakin kirga masu tsaron gida.
Tare da alkali na baya, yana yanke hukunci ko ƙoƙarin filin wasa ya yi nasara.
Wani lokaci shi ne mai kula da lokaci a hukumance, wanda ke da alhakin agogon wasa a wasu gasa.
Sarkar Crew
Tawagar sarkar ba ta cikin 'hukuma' ko alkalan wasa a hukumance, amma duk da haka yana da matukar muhimmanci a lokacin. Wasannin kwallon kafa na Amurka.
Ma'aikatan sarkar, wanda kuma ake kira 'chain crew' ko 'gangan sarka' a cikin Amurka, ƙungiya ce da ke sarrafa ma'aunin siginar a ɗaya daga cikin gefe.
Akwai sandunan sigina na farko guda uku:
- 'baya post' yana nuna farkon saitin saukarwa na yanzu
- da "post post" yana nuna "layin don samun" (wuri 10 yadi daga inda aka hango kwallon don farkon laifin)
- 'kwalin' yana nuna layin scrimmage.
Rubutun biyu suna haɗe zuwa ƙasa tare da sarkar daidai tsayin yadi 10, tare da 'akwatin' yana nuna lambar ƙasa ta yanzu.
Ma'aikatan sarkar suna nuna alamar yanke shawara na alkalan wasa; ba su yanke shawara da kansu.
'Yan wasa suna kallon ma'aikatan sarkar don ganin layin da aka yi, lambar ƙasa da layi don samun.
Jami'ai na iya dogara da ma'aikatan sarkar bayan wasan inda sakamakon ya dogara da ainihin matsayin kwallon (a yanayin rashin cikar fasikanci ko hukunci, alal misali).
Wani lokaci ana buƙatar kawo sarƙoƙi zuwa filin lokacin da ake buƙatar ingantaccen karatu don sanin ko an yi saukar farko.
Karanta kuma: Duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani don zama alkalin wasan hockey
Na'urorin alkalan wasan kwallon kafa na Amurka
Kasancewa a filin wasa da sanin ƙa'idodin bai isa ba. Hakanan alkalan wasa suna buƙatar sanin yadda ake amfani da na'urorin haɗi daban-daban.
Gabaɗaya, suna amfani da na'urorin haɗi masu zuwa don gudanar da ayyukansu yadda yakamata a filin:
- Fusa
- Alamar hukunci ko tuta
- jakar wake
- Alamar ƙasa
- Katin bayanan wasan da fensir
- Lokacin ƙaddamarwa
- Bit
Menene ainihin waɗannan kayan haɗi kuma ta yaya alkalan wasa suke amfani da su?
Fusa
Sanannen busar alkalan wasa. Kowane alkalan wasa a ƙwallon ƙafa na Amurka yana da ɗaya kuma yana iya amfani da shi don kawo ƙarshen wasan.
Ana amfani da bushe-bushe don tunatar da ’yan wasa cewa ƙwallon ta ‘mutu’: cewa wasa ya ƙare (ko kuma bai taɓa farawa ba).
'Mataccen ball' yana nufin cewa ƙwallon yana ɗaukar ɗan lokaci ba zai iya wasa ba kuma dole ne a motsa shi gaba ɗaya a irin waɗannan lokutan.
'Mataccen ball' a ƙwallon ƙafa yana faruwa lokacin da:
- dan wasa ya gudu da kwallo ba iyaka
- bayan kwallon ta sauka - ko dai ta hanyar bugun dan wasan a kasa ko kuma ta hanyar da bai cika ba ya taba kasa.
- kafin a datse kwallon a fara wasa na gaba
A lokacin da kwallon ta mutu, dole ne ƙungiyoyi su yi ƙoƙari su ci gaba da wasa da ƙwallon, kuma kada a sami wani canji na mallaka.
Alamar hukunci ko tuta
An nannade alamar hukunci da nauyi, kamar yashi ko wake (ko wani lokacin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, ko da yake an hana wannan tun lokacin da wani abin da ya faru a wasan NFL ya nuna wa] annan 'yan wasan za su iya cutar da su), ta yadda za a iya jefa tuta tare da wasu nisa kuma daidaito.
Alamar hukunci tuta ce mai haske mai launin rawaya da aka jefa akan filin wajen, ko a madadin, laifi.
Ga abubuwan da ba su dace ba, irin su ɓarna da ke faruwa a lokacin ɗaukar hoto ko lokacin 'matacciyar ƙwallon ƙafa', yawanci ana jefa tutar a tsaye a cikin iska.
Alkalan wasa yawanci suna ɗaukar tuta ta biyu idan har an samu cin zarafi da yawa a lokaci ɗaya yayin wasa.
Jami'an da suka kare tuta lokacin da suka ga cin zarafi da yawa na iya sauke hula ko jakar wake maimakon.
jakar wake
Ana amfani da jakar wake don yin alama a wurare daban-daban a filin, amma ba a yi amfani da shi don lalata ba.
Misali, ana amfani da jakar wake don alamar wurin da abin ya faru ko kuma inda ɗan wasa ya sami maki.
Launi yawanci fari ne, shuɗi ko lemu, dangane da gasar, matakin wasa da yanayin yanayi.
Ba kamar alamomin hukunci ba, ana iya jefa buhunan wake zuwa wuri daidai da layin yadi mafi kusa, ba lallai ba ne zuwa ainihin wurin da abin ya faru.
Alamar ƙasa
Wannan kayan haɗi galibi baƙar fata ne a launi.
Alamar ƙasa ƙaƙƙarfan ƙira ce ta musamman da ake amfani da ita don tunatar da alkalan wasan ƙasa.
Akwai madauki na roba da ke manne da shi wanda ke zagaye da yatsu.
Yawancin lokaci jami'ai suna sanya madauki a kan yatsan hannunsu idan ya kasance ƙasa ta farko, yatsa ta tsakiya idan na biyu ya sauka, da sauransu har zuwa na huɗu ƙasa.
Maimakon alamar al'ada, wasu jami'ai suna amfani da igiyoyi masu kauri biyu masu kauri waɗanda aka ɗaure tare a matsayin alamar ƙasa: ɗayan robar ana amfani da shi azaman abin wuyan hannu, ɗayan kuma ana lullube da yatsu.
Wasu jami'ai, musamman alkalan wasa, na iya amfani da alamar ta biyu don kiyaye inda aka sanya ƙwallon a tsakanin alamomin hash ɗin kafin wasan (watau alamar hash na dama, na hagu, ko a tsakiyar tsakanin biyun).
Wannan yana da mahimmanci lokacin da dole ne su sake sanya ƙwallon bayan fas ɗin da bai cika ba ko ɓarna.
Katin bayanan wasan da fensir
Katunan bayanan wasan na iya zama takarda da za a iya zubarwa ko kuma filastik da za a sake amfani da su.
Alkalan wasa suna rubuta mahimman bayanan gudanarwa a nan, kamar wanda ya ci tsabar kuɗin wasan, lokacin da ƙungiyar ta ƙare, da kuma laifukan da aka aikata.
Fensir ɗin da alkalan wasa ke ɗauke da su yana da hula ta musamman mai siffar ƙwallon ƙafa. Hul ɗin yana hana sanya ref ta fensir yayin da yake cikin aljihunsa.
Lokacin ƙaddamarwa
Agogon gudun alƙali yawanci agogon hannu ne na dijital.
Alƙalan wasa suna sa agogon gudu a lokacin da ake buƙata don ayyukan lokaci.
Wannan ya haɗa da kiyaye lokacin wasa, kiyaye lokacin fita da kuma lura da tazara tsakanin rubu'i huɗu.
Bit
Duk alkalan wasa suna sa hula. Alkalin wasa shi kadai ne mai farar hula, sauran sanye da bakar hula.
Idan dan wasan da bai dauki kwallon ya fita daga kan iyaka ba, alkalin wasa zai sauke hularsa don nuna inda dan wasan ya fita daga kan iyaka.
Hakanan ana amfani da hular don nuna laifi na biyu inda mai binciken ya riga ya yi amfani da abin da aka saba (kamar yadda aka ambata a sama), amma kuma don nuna halin rashin son kai ga ref da kansa.
Me yasa alkalan wasan kwallon kafa suke da lambar riga?
Alkalan wasa suna sanya lamba don bambanta kansu da sauran alkalan wasa.
Duk da yake wannan na iya yin ɗan ma'ana a ƙananan matakan wasa (mafi yawan umpires suna da wasiƙa a bayansu maimakon lamba), a matakan NFL da koleji (jami'a) yana da mahimmanci.
Kamar yadda ake buƙatar sanin ƴan wasa akan fim ɗin wasan, haka ma jami'ai.
Lokacin da jami'in gasar ya yanke hukunci, yana da sauƙi a gane masu alkalan wasa sannan a tantance ko wane alkalan ne ya fi kyau ko kaɗan.
Ya zuwa yau, akwai kusan jami'ai 115 a cikin NFL, kuma kowane umpire yana da lamba. Alkalan wasan kwallon kafa su ne kashin bayan wannan wasa.
Suna taimakawa wajen kiyaye tsari a cikin wasanni mai wuya da na jiki. Idan ba alkalan wasa ba, wasan zai zama hargitsi.
Don haka ku girmama alkalan ku na cikin gida, kuma kada ku kushe su da zagi saboda yanke shawara mara kyau.
Me yasa daya daga cikin alkalan wasa sanye da farar hula?
Kamar yadda aka bayyana, alkalin wasa sanye da farar hula shi ne alkalin wasan.
Alkalin wasan ya sanya farar hula domin ya bambanta kansa da sauran alkalan wasan.
A cikin ma'ana mai matsayi, ana iya ganin alkalin wasa mai farar hula a matsayin "shugaban kocin" na alkalan wasa, tare da kowane alkalin wasa shine mataimakin.
Wannan ref din zai tattauna da kociyan idan an samu wani abu, shi ke da alhakin cire ‘yan wasa daga wasan da kuma sanar da idan akwai bugun fanareti.
Wannan alkalan wasa kuma zai daina wasa idan ya cancanta don magance kowace matsala.
Don haka koyaushe ku nemi alkalin wasa mai farin hula idan an sami matsala.
