Learn everything about volleyball: Competitions, variants, scoring & more!

by Joost Nusselder | Updated on:  March 6 2023

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Why is volleyball so popular?

Volleyball is one of the most popular sports in the world. It is a team sport in which two teams of six players try to outdo each other by hitting the ball over the net onto the opponent's ground.

In this article you can read all about the history, rules, and how it came about.

What is Volleyball

Volleyball: a team sport with action and competition

General data and organization

Volleyball is a popular team sport played worldwide. The game consists of two teams of up to six people facing each other on opposite sides of a net. The aim is to hit the ball over the net and prevent the opponent from returning the ball. Volleyball is organized by the FIVB (Fédération Internationale de Volleyball) and is a olympic sport.

Game rules and scoring

The game consists of several sets where the first team to reach 25 points, with a difference of at least two points, wins the set. A match can consist of a maximum of five sets. There are several ways to score points, such as landing the ball on the opponent's ground or making an opponent foul.

Volleyball Terms and Dimensions

There are several volleyball terms that are important to know, such as the net height, which depends on the age and level of the players, and the size of the playing field. The playing field consists of eight sections, with the sides and back of the field being delimited by lines. The net is placed in the middle of the field and has a height of 2,43 meters for men and 2,24 meters for women.

Competitions and Championships

There are various competitions and championships in which volleyball teams can participate, such as the European Cup, the World Cup and the Olympic Games. In Belgium there are well-known volleyball clubs such as Roeselare and AVO Beveren, while in the Netherlands SV Dynamo and Lycurgus Groningen are well-known names. Poland is currently the reigning men's world champion, while France is the latest men's Olympic champion. In the women's race, the United States is the reigning world champion and China the last Olympic champion.

External links and resources

For more information about volleyball and the various competitions and championships, you can visit the website of the FIVB or the Dutch Volleyball Association. There is also a lot of information about volleyball on the free encyclopedia Wikipedia, including the rules of the game, scoring and dimensions of the playing field.

How volleyball originated

The Origin of Volleyball

Volleyball is a sport that was created in 1895 by William G. Morgan, a sports director with the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in Massachusetts. He taught older businessmen who were looking for a different kind of sport than baseball. Morgan came up with a game where the rules of different sports were combined and had to overlap. The goal was to hit the ball over the net and make it hit the opponent's ground. This was then called “volley”.

The first rules of the game

Morgan collected the rules of various sports and came up with the first rules for volleyball. The game consisted of innings and an inning was over when both teams had served. It was possible to score points by letting the ball hit the opponent's ground. The players had to hold the ball up with their fingers and were not allowed to hold or carry the ball.

Further development of volleyball

The game was further developed by the YMCA and arrangements were made for the team and pitch to be played on. There were also special balls made of vinyl that were more resistant to the hard game. In the 50s, inflatable rubber balls were introduced that were even better for the sport.

In the 60s volleyball started to become popular with women and special protectors were developed to protect the fingers during the game. In the 70s, the game was further developed and new rules were introduced, such as the possibility to catch and throw the ball before hitting it.

Volleyball today

Volleyball today is an entirely different sport from the game William G. Morgan invented in 1895. There are several varieties of the sport and it is played at all levels from recreational to professional. Volleyball is a popular sport all over the world and there are many great moments in the history of this sport. It all started with a group of businessmen who wanted to play a new kind of sport and has since developed into a sport played by millions of people.

The rules of volleyball

Playing field and dimensions

The volleyball court has a rectangular shape and is 18 meters long and 9 meters wide. It is divided into two equal halves by a center line. There is a free zone of 3 meters on both sides of the net. The height of the net is 2,43 meters for men and 2,24 meters for women.

The game

A volleyball match is played between two teams of up to six players each. The object of the game is to pass the ball over the net and land it on the opponent's floor. Each team may touch the ball up to three times before it must be played over the net. A player may not hit the ball twice in succession, except when blocking.

To score

A team scores a point when the ball touches the ground inside the opponent's lines, when the opponent knocks the ball out or when the opponent makes a foul. A block counts as a touch and can therefore also score a point.

Storing

The game starts with a serve, in which a player plays the ball over the net from behind the back line to the opponent. The service must be underhand or overhand and the ball must land within the lines of the court. The team that wins the rally may continue to serve.

Bills and libero

Each team has two substitutes who may be substituted at any time during the match. In addition, each team may have a libero, a defensive specialist who may only play in the backfield and may not attack or serve.

Errors

There are several mistakes a team can make, such as hitting the net during play, crossing the center line, hitting the antennas, or playing the ball with out-of-bounds objects. On a foul, the opponent gets a point and the right to serve.

Set and match

A match consists of a maximum of five sets. The first team to win three sets wins the match. A set is won by the team that scores 25 points first, with a difference of at least two points. With a score of 24-24, play continues until one team is ahead by two points. If a fifth set is played, it goes to 15 points.

How does the scoring work in volleyball?

Rally point system

The rally point system is used in volleyball. This means that every successful action results in a point for the team that wins the rally. Previously, the side-out system was used, where only the serving team could score points. This sometimes led to very long games, where it could take a very long time before a team scored a point. The rally point system makes the game more attractive and makes matches go faster.

How do you score points?

A team scores a point when the ball touches the ground within the lines of the opponent's court, when the opponent commits a foul or when the opponent hits the ball out of bounds. Even if the opponent cannot play the ball over the net within three times, this results in a point for the other team.

How does a set end?

A set ends when one team has reached 25 points first, with a difference of at least two points. If the score is 24-24, play continues until one of the teams has a two point lead. When the fifth set is played, it is played to 15 points, again with a difference of at least two points.

How does the scoring work in competitions?

In the Dutch and Belgian competition, the rally point system is used. A won set results in two points, a lost set in one point. The first team to win three sets wins the match. If the score is 2-2, a fifth set will be played. The team that wins this set gets two points and the losing team gets one point.

Thanks to the rally point system, volleyball has become a lot more attractive to watch and play. There are many ways to score points and the game requires good technique and tactics. It is striking that there are many rules to take into account, but these make the game fair and exciting. It is possible that a rally can sometimes take a very long time, but this makes the game interesting to watch. There are reasons why the rally point system has slowly moved to the new system since the 90s. For example, a match could sometimes take a long time and there were many rules that had to be taken into account. With the rally point system, the game has become more attractive and matches are faster.

The game

Basics of the game

Volleyball is one of the most successful and popular sports in the world. It is a dynamic and explosive game where two teams of six players play against each other. The goal is to get the ball over the net and make the opponent miss or make mistakes. The teams play on a rectangular field divided into two halves, with posts on either side and a taut net in between. The game starts with a serve from one team's backline and continues until one of the teams scores the point needed to win the set.

Scoring it

A team gets a point if the ball touches the ground inside the opponent's lines, if the opponent knocks the ball out, or if the opponent makes a foul. A successful attack or block also counts as a point. The first team to reach 25 points, with a difference of at least two points, wins the set. If both teams have won an equal number of sets, a deciding set is played to 15 points.

The game play

Both teams are in their own half of the field and are allowed to tap the ball up to three times before they must hit it over the net to the opposite half. The ball may not be played twice in succession by the same player unless it is a block. The game is played within the lines of the field and the ball must be hit over the net. If the ball hits the net but stays on the right side of the court, play may continue.

Switch sides

After each set, the teams switch sides. In the premier league and cup competitions, a maximum of five sets are played. If a decisive set is needed, the half will be changed after the eighth point substitution.

Block and score

Blocking is an important part of the game. This is when a player holds their hands above the net to block the opponent's ball. If the ball then returns to the opponent's court, this counts as a successful block and a point for the blocking team. However, blocking can also fail, resulting in the opponent scoring a point.

How does serving work?

Serving is an important part of the game. The server stands behind the back line and hits the ball over the net to the opponent. The ball must fall within the lines of the playing field and must not touch the net band. The server may serve the ball in any manner as long as it is within the rules. If the server makes a mistake, the service goes to the opponent.

How does switching players work?

In volleyball, players can be substituted at any time. The exchange must be done according to the rules. For example, the player who leaves the field must first walk to the back line before the new player enters the field. The substitution may only take place when the ball is not in play and the referee has given permission.

How does it work with a tie?

If both teams are on the same number of points, the game continues until there is a difference of two points. This can sometimes lead to a long and high profile battle between the teams.

How is the game made more attractive?

The rally-point system has been used for several years in the Belgian and Dutch competitions. This means that each rally results in a point, regardless of which team wins the rally. This makes the game more attractive and creates more tension during the matches.

Player positions in volleyball

If you watch a volleyball game, you will see that there are three back players and three front players on the field. But what exactly do these players do and where do they stand? In this article we explain the different positions a player can have in volleyball.

The playing half

Before discussing the different positions, it is important to note that the volleyball court is divided into two equal parts. Each half has a free zone and is numbered from 1 to 6. Each player has a specific position that must be fulfilled during the game.

Back players

First of all, we will discuss the positions of the back players. They stand in the backfield and may only move after the ball has been served. The names of these positions are:

  • Rear right (position 1)
  • Center back (position 6)
  • Rear left (position 5)

Forerunners

The front players are in the front field and have more freedom of movement than the back players. They have the choice to play the ball underhand or overhand. The names of these positions are:

  • Front right (position 2)
  • Center front (position 3)
  • Front left (position 4)

Game divider

The game distributor is a special player who makes the name speak. This player divides the game and plays an important role in the attack design. The playmaker stands in the backfield and usually has position 1 or 6. In most cases, the ball is played overhand to the center of the field, where the attackers are.

Attackers

The attackers are tasked with hitting the ball over the net and scoring points. There are two attackers: the front center and the front left. The center forward stands in the middle of the field and is also called the center forward. The left front is on the left side of the field and is also known as the outside attacker.

Positions divided into boxes and areas

To make it easier to remember, the positions are divided into boxes and areas. For example, the back players are often named after the position they are in and the front players are often referred to as midfielders and forwards. In addition, names are often used that you also see with football players, such as the striker and the defender.

Contests and competitions

Eredvisie and cup competitions

In the Netherlands there are various volleyball competitions for both men and women, including the Eredivisie and the cup competitions. The Eredivisie consists of the best volleyball clubs in the Netherlands, such as AVO, Beveren and SV. The cup competitions also offer opportunities for smaller clubs to compete with the top clubs. The women's and men's volleyball also play in international competitions, such as the European Cup and the Olympic Games.

Block and attack

An important part of volleyball is blocking the opponent's attack. This can happen up to three times per rally and counts as a point for the blocking team if the ball goes out of bounds. Players may also stand behind the block to defend the ball.

Variations of volleyball have also emerged, including mini-volleyball and beach volleyball. Mini volleyball is played with fewer people and on a smaller field. Beach volleyball is played on a sandy surface and the number of players per team is a maximum of two.

Volleyball competitions offer both amateurs and professionals the opportunity to practice their sport and compete against other teams. Whether you are an experienced player or just starting out, volleyball offers so many opportunities and challenges.

Volleyball variants

Beach volleyball

Beach volleyball is a variant of volleyball played on the beach. The game is played with two players per team and a softer and heavier ball than in regular volleyball. The volleyball court is smaller and there are no fixed positions. Instead, players are allowed to roam freely. The centerline is not there and different rules apply for line faults. Beach volleyball combines elements of volleyball, gymnastics and trampolining.

Sitting volleyball

Sitting volleyball is intended for people who cannot stand while playing volleyball. It is played on a smaller field and the players sit on the floor. There are special rules and terms for this variant, such as “belg” and “filip”. Sitting volleyball is now also played by people without disabilities as a unique sport ball sport.

Divided volleyball

Divided volleyball is a variant in which the field is divided into two halves by means of posts and tensioned nets. The game is played with two teams of six players each. The aim is to hit the ball over the net and block the opponent. The field is divided into certain zones and there are specific rules for the different levels and age groups.

Other variants

In addition to these well-known variants, there are many other variants of volleyball, such as:

  • Indoor beach volleyball
  • Water Volleyball
  • Grass Volleyball
  • Snow Volleyball
  • Mini volleyball
  • Recreational Volleyball

Differences

Volleyball Vs Beach Volleyball

Volleyball and beach volleyball may seem similar, but there are some important differences between the two sports. Here are a few things you should know:

  • The surface: Volleyball is played on an indoor court with a hard floor, while beach volleyball is played on sand. This means that in beach volleyball you not only have to be able to jump and run, but also have to be able to deal with the unpredictable surface. It's like walking on the beach, but with a ball and without the opportunity to take a refreshing dip.
  • The number of players: Volleyball is played with six players per team, while beach volleyball is played with two players per team. This means that in beach volleyball you have a lot more responsibility and you don't have teammates to blame if something goes wrong. It's like a job interview, but with a ball and without the option to show your resume.

But there are even more differences between volleyball and beach volleyball. Here are a few more:

  • The ball: Volleyball is larger and heavier than the ball used in beach volleyball. This means that you have to hit harder in volleyball and that you have to have more control over the ball in beach volleyball. It's like the difference between a bowling ball and a ping pong ball, but with a net in between.
  • The Rules: Volleyball and Beach Volleyball have different rules. For example, in volleyball you can hit the ball with any part of your body, while in beach volleyball you can only use your hands and arms. There are also no substitutions allowed in beach volleyball, while you are allowed to make substitutions in volleyball. It's like the difference between an open and a closed book exam, but with a ball and no chance to cheat.

Basically, volleyball and beach volleyball are two different sports that each have their own challenges and charms. Whether you play indoors or outdoors, with a big team or just the two of you, the most important thing is to have fun and get the ball over the net. And if you also win, that is of course a bonus.

Volleyball Vs Handball

Volleyball and handball are two completely different sports, but they do have something in common: they are both played with a ball. But that's where the comparison ends. Volleyball is a sport where you try to hit the ball over the net with your hands, while handball is a sport where you try to throw the ball into the opponent's goal with your hands. Below are some notable differences between these two sports:

  • In volleyball you are not allowed to catch or hold the ball, while in handball you have to hold the ball in order to throw.
  • Volleyball is played on a large court with a net in the middle, while handball is played on a smaller court without a net.
  • In volleyball, you may hit the ball with any part of your body as long as you are not holding on, while in handball, you are only allowed to throw with your hands.
  • Volleyball is a sport where you mainly have to work together with your teammates, while handball is more about individual actions and speed.
  • In volleyball the aim is to keep the ball as high as possible, while in handball you have to run as fast as possible to the opponent's goal to score.

FAQ

What Is The Hardest Position In Volleyball?

Volleyball is a great sport that requires a lot of skill and commitment. It is not only important to get the ball over the net, but also to take the right position on the field. There are different positions in volleyball, each with their own unique challenges. But what is the most difficult position in volleyball?

The most difficult position in volleyball is the libero. The libero is a defensive player who is only allowed to play in the back three positions of the field. The libero's job is to receive the opponent's passes and organize the defense. This may not sound too difficult, but the libero has a number of challenges to overcome:

  • The libero must be quick and agile to receive and pass the ball.
  • Since the libero is only allowed to play in the back three positions, he or she must be able to react quickly to the movements of the opponent and the ball.
  • The libero must also be a good communicator, as he or she must organize the defense and instruct the other players.

In short, the libero is a crucial player on the volleyball team and has a number of challenges to overcome. But with the right training and commitment, any player can become a great libero and lead the team to victory!

Is Volleyball Bad For You?

Volleyball, the sport in which you have to hit a ball over the net with your hands, is not only fun, but also good for your health. But is volleyball bad for you? Let's look at the facts.

Although volleyball is the sixth most injury-prone sport, it is still a safe sport if you take the proper precautions. As with any sport, it is important to warm up properly before you start playing. This can help prevent injuries. In addition, wearing the right equipment, such as good shoes with shock absorption and knee pads, is also important.

But let's not forget that volleyball also has many advantages. It's a great way to keep fit and improve your coordination and balance. Moreover, it is a social sport where you can meet new people and work together as a team. So, is volleyball bad for you? No, as long as you take the proper precautions and enjoy the benefits of this great sport, volleyball is good for your health and well-being.

Conclusion

Volleyball is a fun sport to play and watch. It is one of the oldest sports in the world and has a lot of rules and regulations to keep the game fair. It is one of the few sports where men and women can play against each other.

If you enjoy watching, it's best to watch the Olympics or the World League. If you like to play, try it with your friends or at a sports club.

Also read: these are the best shoes for volleyball, a complete review

Joost Nusselder, the founder of referees.eu is a content marketer, father and loves to write about all kinds of sports, and has also played a lot of sports himself for most of his life. Now since 2016, he and his team have been creating helpful blog articles to help loyal readers with their sports activities.